• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2000

This experiment was focused on finding out the potential problems in organic farming system, which is recently emphasized on the produce of horticultural crops due to the serious environmental deterioration. Thus, in this study, the effect of the application of organic farming materials in soil on plant growth and components of chinese cabbage and the soil Physicochemistry property were compared with conventional culture. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The effect of soil chemical properties after application of organic farming materials, The amounts of pH and O.,M. in N, P, K treated plot were few of change, To the contray, fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot were some increase, Amount of P$_2$O$_{5}$ , Ca and increase in comparison with the N, P, K treated plot, Specially chicken manure+ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest. 2. Change of soil microbial after application of organic farming materials, The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in N, P, K treated plot were appeared definite direction, to the fermentation compost and microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot showed the increased tendency, specially, chicken manure+ microorganisms fermentation compost treated plot was the highest, 3. The growth characteristic of chinese cabbage after application of organic farming materials was superior in order of chemical fertilizers plot> microorganisms fermentation compost plot> fermentation compost plot. It shows the NO$_3$$^{[-10]}$ accumulation in chinese cabbage was higher in the outer leaves than in the inner leavess. It was some lower in the microorganisms fermentation compost plot, it was the highest at chemical fertilizers plot , all inner and outer leaves.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.408-414
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to find out optimum cultivated regions for rice organic farming. The organic and conventional rice as control were grown in three different places : secluded hill paddy field for Hapcheon, normal rural paddy field for Sancheong, and suburban paddy field for Jinju from 2005 to 2006. In secluded hill paddy field, the organic material and pesticide to control pest and disease were input twice for organic and conventional rice cultivation. However, in normal rural and suburban paddy field, those were input three times for organic and conventional rice cultivation. The occurrence of sheath blight in organic farming was higher than in conventional farming. Whereas brown planthopper population per 20 plant was significantly high 10.1~19.5 for conventional farming compared with 4.4~10.0 for organic farming. For that reason, the density of the brown planthoppers was higher in organic farming than those in conventional farming. Dominated weeds occurred in organic and conventional paddy field were namely Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia prostrata, and Cyperus difformis. The population per 20 plant and dried weight per $m^2$ of weeds were higher in 121 and 50.5 g for organic paddy field. The productivity of rice in different cultivated regions for organic farming was $2.96Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in hill paddy field, $4.03Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in normal rural and suburban paddy field. Toyo-taste value and ratio of perfect grain of milled rice were not different by cultivated regions in both farming system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.222-224
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• 2011

The effects of seawater on growth of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.), leaf perilla(Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara), red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) and cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were investigated in the glass greenhouse. These effects were studied on seedlings, and diluted seawater (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100% v/v) was sprayed enough on leaves. The tested four vegetable crops have well grown up to 10% diluted seawater, but the tested vegetable crops were damaged from increasing salt levels. Of these, lettuce was provided salt-tolerant vegetable crop and red pepper was considered salt-sensitive vegetable crop. The salt tolerance of vegetable crops is different between crops and complicated because of additional detrimental effects caused by accumulated ions or specific ion toxicities in their leaves. These results show that agricultural use of seawater may be benefit crop cultivation in organic farming system as well as in conventional farming system.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.9-12
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Organic farming system in rice paddy is rapidly expanding in Korea. This study was to find out optimum japonica rice cultivars for organic farming. A field research was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of japonica rice cultivars under no-tillage paddy at Doo-ryangmyeon, Sacheon, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. The experimental soil was Juggog series (silty clay loam: 56.0% silt, 31.2% clay and 12.8% sand). In experiment, ten lines of Japanese rice cultivars were tested under no-tillage amended with rye (NTR) and no-tillage without cover crop treatment (NTNT). In addition, two Korean japonica rice cultivars as check cultivars were used in this study. The grain yield in NTR was significantly higher in 6.13 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Kinuhikari, 5.30 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Komekogane, 5.25 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Kosihikari, 5.22 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Mazizbare and 5.12 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Akitakomachi compared to two Korean rice cultivars (4.57 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwayoungbyeo and 4.00 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Ilmibyeo) in that order. While, grain yield in NTNT was significantly higher in 4.90 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Akitakomachi 3.81 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hinohikari, 3.74 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Umezkusi, 3.67 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Kosihikari and 3.54 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Dondokuri compared to 3.02 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Ilmibyeo and 2.36 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for Hwayoungbyeo, respectively. The number of panicle per $m^2$ and grain number per panicle were indispensible for increasing the yield of rice. These results were able to find out optimum japonica rice cultivar Akitakomachi for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental sound rice farming method on the productivity of rice industry which may result in impacts on the staple food securities. Recently fanners have been concerned about adopting new rice cultivation method such as organic and low input farming system in which fertilizer and pesticide can be substantially reduced so as to alleviate the burden of agro-ecosystem. However, It has been argued about whether or not there are negative impacts on the self sufficiency rate of food, income of farm household and technological adaptability. Therefore this study examined the productivity trend of environmental rice farming system and predicted the long term rice self-sufficiency rate when environmental rice farming system are adopted by assuming various scenarios. It was estimated that rice self-sufficiency rate can be decreased up to 52.2% by 2010. Based on the analysis of results, policy recommendations for environmentally sound rice farming were suggested as follows: 1) gradual adopting and transferring of environmental rice cultivation method, 2) increasing profitability of rice growing fanners 3) developing the farm level technology specific to Korean farming condition, 4) institutionalization of direct payments for encouraging environmental rice fanning.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the bacterial community structure in organic rice-fish mixed farming paddy soil by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with the organic rice cultivated soil, the content of AP (available phosphorus) increased by 310.23 % and the content of OM (organic matter) increased by 168.83%. The most abundant phyla in paddy soils were Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Chloroflexi, whose relative abundance was above 47.83%. Among the dominant genera, the relative abundance of Limisphaera in paddy soils was observed. Alpha diversity indicated that the bacterial diversity of paddy soils was similar among each other. The bacterial community structure was affected by the relative abundance of bacteria, not the species of bacteria. Principal Coordinated Analysis (PCoA) results showed that the bacterial communities in organic rice-fish mixed farming soil and organic paddy soil were correlated to each other; the bacterial community structure was distinctively grouped by four different systems (paddy soil under organic rice-fish mixed farming system, organic rice cultivation, and conventional rice cultivation), where the first two are closely related to each other than the third one. The results provide basal support for organic agri-cultivation while improving an ecological value at the same time.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

The Organic agricultural techinques were investigated through the observations made for 3 years of the actual conditions of a farmer who has been practicing organic agriculture over 21 years. The farmer was a member of the Ichijima-cho Organic Agriculture Association. The Farmer had not performed much of the organic agricultural techinques at the beginning of his farming history. However, he has gradually developed techniques upon the experiences with trial and error. The notable characteristic of his basic organic agriculture was the utilization of a suitable organic fertilizer to make the soil fertile. Crop damages by diseases and insect pests were prevented through a fertile soil, raising of good seedlings, adoption of tolerant varieties and planting at a wide spacing and consequently considering not to use chemical pesticides. Introduction of power weeder for weed control and paddy-upland crop rotation reduced the cost of production for farming. The crop pattern and method of land us such as mix cropping, crop rotation and conversion of paddy field-upland fieldd were appeared to be very important in organic agriculture. The organic agricultural techniques get systematized upon the adaptation the regional ecology and the development of skills of the farmer. The most important point to achieve the success in organic agriculture system is not only by the development of the technical matters but also by the building of healthy relation and understandings between producers and consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-84
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Hence, in this paper we utilized landscape adjectives as a way to enhance the objectivity of the organic agricultural complex landscape assessment. More specifically, not only this study used a landscape image of an organic agricultural complex to identify a landscape adjective suitable for the landscape elements but also this study confirmed the suitability of landscape adjectives comparing to the opinions of experts and the public. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 12 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result of deriving the landscape adjectives from the main landscape elements, there were nine landscape adjectives that were consistent with experts and the public, including "clear" and "Artless" for rice paddies and fields, while the mismatched landscape adjectives were 'traditional'. The accent planting was a combination of landscape adjectives such as 'natural' and 'clear', while the windbreak trees was a consensus of all landscape adjectives. Only two adjectives, 'friendly' and 'wild', agreed on the dirt load, nine dum-bung(small pond), ten natural small river, nine duckery, eight one-storied houses, 10 pavilion, eight monoculture and diverse crops, and three natural waterways. The most common landscape adjectives were windbreak trees, pavilions, and natural small river, all 10 landscape adjectives. However, it is considered that only three of the 10 landscape types on the dirt road and the natural number are matched. Thus, additional management measures will be needed. In addition, it was analyzed that the most common landscape adjectives were "Artless" and "friendly" 13 times. The landscape adjectives of the organic farming complex responded by experts were analyzed to be suitable for natural, clear, zingy, silent, traditional, artless, friendly, wild and Leisurely, and consistent with the general public's opinion.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.819-823
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• 2011

The present study evaluated the seasonal changes of the soil microbial population by selected media in an organic farming system (OFS) with rye rotation cropping management compared to those in a conventional farming system (CFS) with chemical fertilizers, pesticide and herbicide from May 2009 to October 2010 in an upland field. With the exception of fungi, populations of aerobic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Bacillus spp. were higher in the OFS soil during soybean-growing stages. In addition, populations of aerobic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and Bacillus spp. in the OFS soil were nearly two times more than those in the CFS soil on reproductive growth stages. Our findings suggested that Bacillus spp. should be considered as responsible factor for microbial population differentiation observed between the OFS and the CFS in upland fields.