• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2000

Odor control for livestock and compost facilities has focused on manure handling and treatment during storage and land application, however, large amount of malodorous air is emitted and it is one of main sources of malodour in livestock farming. Biological treatment or biodegradation involves converting an organic contaminant to carbon dioxide and water using natural bacteria. Biofiltration is an effective air pollution control technology that uses microorganisms to breakdown gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. Investment and operating costs on the biofiltration are lower than for thermal and chemical oxidation processes. This paper is intended to provide an overview of basic design and operating criteria for biofilters to control odors from livestock and compost facilities.

• 대한수의사회지
• /
• 제48권9호
• /
• pp.540-543
• /
• 2012

Livestock excretes are frequently used in organic farming to produce vegetables and crops. However, zoonotic parasite eggs can be contaminated into such products and people can be infected with parasites of animal origin. Sporadic zoonotic infections with Ascaris suum have been reported even in developed countries, such as North America, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Ascaris eggs are resistant to most adverse environmental conditions, and pigs and humans become infected by ingestion of fecally excreted eggs through contaminated food, water, or soil. This article discusses the resistant nature of ascarid eggs against harsh environment, and conditions of kimchi to be safe from consuming viable A. suum eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권8_spc호
• /
• pp.1244-1255
• /
• 2019

Dairy goat production continues to be a socially, economically and culturally important part of the livestock industry in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean islands. Goat milk, cheese and other dairy products offer consumers food products with nutritional, health and environmental benefits. In North America, Mexico produces the greatest volume of goat milk, but most is for family or local consumption that is typical of a mixed farming system adopted by subsistence farmers in dry areas. The United States is not yet a large global goat milk producer, but the sector has expanded rapidly, with dairy goat numbers doubling between 1997 and 2012. The number of dairy goats has also increased dramatically in Canada. Commercial farms are increasingly important, driven by rising demand for good quality and locally sourced goat cheese. In South America, Brazil has the most developed dairy goat industry that includes government assistance to small-scale producers and low-income households. As of 2017, FAO identified Haiti, Peru, Jamaica, and Bolivia as having important goat milk production in the Western Hemisphere. For subsistence goat producers in the Americas on marginal land without prior history of chemical usage, organic dairy goat production can be a viable alternative for income generation, with sufficient transportation, sanitation and marketing initiatives. Production efficiency, greenhouse gas emission, waste disposal, and animal welfare are important challenges for dairy goat producers in the Americas.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.973-978
• /
• 2023

This study determined the mechanisms of selection of companion plants that will increase natural enemies and compared and analyzed the effect of suppression of pest density and changes in pest and natural enemy density and spatial distribution, aiming to select suitable companion plants to control major pests that are problematic in organic tomato facility cultivation. As a result of the companion plant selection, 13.5 days were identified in the area with daily flowers among five species of flowering plants. In the experiment to determine the timing of natural enemies, the best results were found in the treatment group introduced two weeks before the pest occurred. As a result of the actual package test, farmers could see that the density of greenhouse pollen decreased significantly (100-500% for adults and 11-67% for larvae compared to no treatment) in the treatment with companion plants. Based on the results of this study, we expect that ecological pest management using companion plants that attract natural enemies will help to increase biodiversity through vegetation management, secure the safe production of organic products and improve the sustainability of agriculture.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to develop a functional feed additive for pig with spent $Lycium$ $chinense$ Mill fruit. We investigated the optimum conditions for the extraction of polyphenol from spent $Lycium$ $chinense$ Mill using methanol. Methanol concentration as a solvent for extraction, extraction time and the volume of solvent per a gram of solid (ground spent Lyceum chinense Mill) were selected as parameters. Three levels of parameters were configured according to Box Behnken experiment design, a fractional factorial design, and total 15 trials were employed. Total polyphenol concentration from each trial was used as response from experiment system and effects of parameters on total polyphenol extraction efficiency were determined using response surface model. As a result, all terms in analysis of variance, regression ($p$ = 0.001), linear ($p$ = 0.002), square ($p$ = 0.017) and interaction ($p$ = 0.047) was significant and adjusted determination coefficient ($R^2$) was 94.7%. Total polyphenol extraction efficiency was elevated along increased methanol content and decreased solvent to solid ratio. However extraction time did not affect the efficiency. This study provides a primary information for the optimum extraction conditions to maximize total polyphenol recovery from spent Lycium chinens Mill fruit and this result could be applied to re-use of argo-industrial by-products and to develop of functional feed additives in organic farming.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.21-35
• /
• 2016

유기농 우유에 관한 소비자들의 인식은 일반 우유와 다르다는 생각을 가지고 있다. 이러한 차이가 유기농 우유가 소매판매 시에 높은 가격으로 판매되는 것을 정당화하게 된다. 유기농을 위한 낙농장은 환경, 동물, 사람에게 더 친화적이며, 유기농 우유제품은 항생제 첨가 호르몬, 합성 화학 물질 및 유전적 변형을 사용하지 않고 제조되며, 그리고 되는 것을 인간의 건강에 대한 잠재적인 많은 이점을 줄 수 있을 것으로 인식을 하고 있다. 유기농 및 일반적인 방법으로 생산된 우유에서 차이가 존재하는지에 관한 조사제어연구는 대부분 모호하였는데, 이것은 우유 조성물에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 연구문제와 다양한 요인들의 복잡성에 기인한 것이기 때문이다. 농장방법과 그들이 효과는 유기농법과 일반농법 사이에서도 다를 뿐만 아니라, 국가, 지역, 연도, 계절에 따라 다르다는 것이 주요 문제이다. 우유 조성물을 좌우하는 요인들은 (예를 들면, 사료, 품종, 수유의 단계) 개별적으로 연구되어왔다, 반면, 여러 요인들 간의 상호 작용은 대부분 무시되어왔다. 농장시스템(유기농 또는 일반)이 아닌 다른 요인들을 고려하지 않은 연구는 유기농 우유와 일반 우유 사이에서 시스템관련 차이를 결정하는 것이 불가능한 우유성분에 있어서 보고된 차이를 유발할 수도 있고, 또는 기여할 수도 있다. 유기농 우유와 일반 우유가 비교될 때 우유의 지방산 조성이 중점적으로 연구되는데, 이것은 우유지방산 profile은 빠르게 반응하고, 사료의 변화에 매우 민감하기 때문이다. 따라서, 농장시스템(유기농 또는 일반)보다는 농장방법(과잉급여와 낮은 급여)의 효과는 우유 지방산 프로파일을 결정하며, 유사한 결과는 낮은 급여 유기농과 일반 우유에서 보여졌다. 일반적인 방법으로 생산된 우유와 유기농 우유를 구분하고, 제품을 검증을 제공할 수 있는 분석방법을 개발하는데 혼란을 야기한다. 연구들 사이에 있어서 실험의 복잡성과 일관성에 있어서 차이와 여러 가지 영향 요인들 사이에서의 상호작용에 대한 연구부족은 자료분석을 어렵게 하고, 또한 명백한 결론을 도출하는 것이 쉽지 않게 된다. 본 총설논문은 우유 조성물에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려진 개별적인 요소들을 자세하게 정리하고, 또한 유기농 우유와 일반 우유를 비교한 연구 등을 소개하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.1207-1214
• /
• 2017

Since the industrialization of swine production in the late 1900s, swine farms in the United States, as well as in Europe, have largely become consolidated. Pig farms became larger in size but fewer in number, with 91% of market pigs being produced by large operations with 5,000 or more pigs on-site in the US, and only 3% of the total utilized agricultural land representing organic farming. Such change in the market made it difficult for small farmers to stay competitive, forcing them to find alternative ways to reduce the cost of production and increase profit using the outdoor production system. In contrast to the indoor confinement system, outdoor production system uses pasture-based units and/or deep-bedded hoop structures that promote animal welfare and environmental sustainability with a lower capital investment. In accord with the growing concern for animal and environmental welfare and food safety by the consumers, small farmers practicing an outdoor production system are seeing increased opportunities for marketing their products in the pork niche market. Unlike the general belief that the reproductive and growth performance measures of the outdoor sows and piglets are poorer in comparison with the animals reared indoors, studies showed that there was no significant difference in the performance measures, and some traits were even better in outdoor animals. Improved reproductive and production traits can increase the sustainability of outdoor farming. Present study reviewed the recent studies comparing the performance measures, meat quality and health of indoor and outdoor animals, as well as the efforts to improve the outdoor production system through changes in management such as hut types and breed of animals.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제66권2호
• /
• pp.279-294
• /
• 2024

Agriculture has played a significant role in the national economy, contributing to food security, driving economic growth, and safeguarding the dietary habits of the population. Korean agriculture has been compelled to focus on intensive farming due to its limited cultivation area, excessive input costs, and the limitations of agricultural mechanization. In the Republic of Korea (R.O.K), the concept of environmentally friendly animal agriculture began to be introduced in the early 2000s. This concept ultimately aims to cultivate sustainable animal agriculture (SAA) through environmentally friendly production practices, ensuring the healthy rearing of animals to supply safe animal products. Despite the government's efforts, there are still significant challenges in implementing environmentally friendly agriculture and SAA in the R.O.K. Therefore, the objective of this review is to establish the direction that the animal agriculture sector should take in the era of climate crisis, and to develop effective strategies for SAA tailored to the current situation in the R.O.K by examining the trends in SAA in the U.S. The animal agriculture sector in the U.S. has been working towards creating a SAA system where humans, animals, and the environment can coexist through government initiatives, industry research, technological support, and individual efforts. Efforts have been made to reduce emissions like carbon, and improve factors affecting the environment such as the carbon footprint, odor, and greenhouse gases associated with animal agriculture processes for animals such as cattle and pigs. The transition of the U.S. towards SAA appears to be driven by both external goals related to addressing climate change and the primary objectives of responding to the demand for safe animal products, expanding consumption, and securing competitiveness in overseas export markets. The demand for animal welfare, organic animal products, and processed goods has been increasing in the U.S. consumer market. A major factor in the transformation of the U.S. animal agriculture sector in terms of livestock specifications is attributed to environmentally friendly practices such as high-quality feed, heat stress reduction, improvements in reproductive ability and growth period reduction, and efforts in animal genetic enhancement.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.387-403
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 고추의 항산화 물질향상을 위한 유기농자재의 적정 농도를 구명하고자 대조, P2: 고추, P3: 산야초, P4: 고추+산야초, P5: 약초, P6: 해초, P7-8: 고추+산야초, 약초, 해초의 혼합액비(P7 5%, P8 2.5%), P9: P7처리구+인삼+감태, P10: P7처리구+멸치+어분, P11: P7처리구+인삼+감태+당밀, P12: P7처리구+스테비아, P13: 7처리구+함초, P14: 인삼, P15: 감태 등 15처리하였다. 시험재료는 고추 '슈퍼마니따' 품종을 이용하여 완주군에 있는 원예특작과학원 시험포장에서 3월 25일 파종하였고 6월 15일에 비가림하우스에 정식하였다. 농자재처리에 따른 영양성분 분석은 9월 상순에 적색고추를 수확하여 분석하였다. 유기농자재 액비처리별 베타카로틴은 P3 산야초, P4 고추+산야초, P12 (P7+스테비아) 처리구에서 높았고, 비타민 C는 P14 인삼 처리구에서 높았고, 플라보노이드, 폴리페놀은 P12 처리구에서 높았으며 캡사이신은 처리 간에 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 베타카로틴, 플라보노이드, 폴리페놀 등 전체적인 항산화 물질함량이 높은 P12 (총 혼합액비+스테비아) 처리구를 적정한 항산화물질 액비로 선발하였다. 액비처리별 고추 생육특성은 초장에서 P14 인삼, P15 감태처리구에서만 작았고, 나머지 처리구에서는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 엽장, 옆폭 등에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 한편, 액비처리별 과실특성은 홍과, 청과 모든 처리구에서 과장, 과폭, 중량 면에서 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 유기농자재 액비에 따른 고추영양성분과 항산화 물질향상에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였고, 앞으로 온도, 수분, 광합성 등 환경조건의 연구가 필요하다고 생각되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2010

최근 웰빙문화의 확산과 안전농산물에 대한 관심이 증대하면서 유기농산물에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있는 추세이나 유기농산물의 품질특성에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 재배환경이 유사한 조건에서 재배된 두 가지 품종(청낙합, 입추낙합)의 관행 및 유기재배오이를 대상으로 품질특성을 조사하였고, 연속수증기증류추출방법(SDE)에 의해 휘발성 향기성분을 추출하여 비교 분석하였다. 유기 및 관행재배 오이의 pH와 가용성고형물은 품종에 관계없이 관행재배에서 조금 더 높았고, 과중은 유기재배에 비해 관행오이의 과중이 17.0-19.7% 더 무거웠으며, 과육의 경도는 입추낙합의 경우 유기오이의 경도가 유의적으로 더 높아 조직감이 우수할 것으로 사료된다. Chlorophyll a, b, 총 chlorophyll(TC) 함량의 경우 전반적으로 유기재배에서 더 높은 함량을 나타냈고, TC의 경우 유기오이에서 15.9-19.2% 더 높게 조사되었다. 또한 휘발성 향기성분은 청낙합의 경우 aldehyde류, hydrocarbon류의 휘발성 향기성분이 입추낙합 보다 더 높은 비율을 차지하였으며, 입추낙합의 경우 청낙합에 비해 acid류, alcohol류, ester류에서 다소 높은 비율을 차지하였으나 관행과 유기재배에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 오이 유기재배의 경우 품질특성 측면에서 청낙합에 비해 입추낙합 품종에서 조직감이 우수하고 chlorophyll 함량이 더 높은 입추낙합 품종이 더 적합할 것으로 사료된다.