• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 1988

In order to examine the seasonal variation of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds, nitrogen compounds in compost were determined at various composting periods. Total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and biodegradable nitrogen contents in compost were almost not changed, while nonbiodegradable nitrogen contents were increased a little with the lapse of composting time. But effective contents of total nitrogen, organic nitrogen and biodegradable nitrogen were decreased with the progress of composting, while effective contents of nonbiodegradable nitrogen were not changed during composting. Ammonium nitrogen contents in compost were highest at the start of composting, and then the contents were decreased with the lapse of composting time. But after turning the contents were increased again, and thereafter the contents were decreased with the progress of composting. Nitrate contents showed a tendency adverse to ammonium nitrogen contents. Organic nitrogens in organic matter in compost were increased slowly within 9 weeks after composting, and thereafter the contents were increased rapidly to 21 weeks after composting. Total nitrogen contents determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method were higher than those determined by Kjeldahl Method. Total nitrogen contents determined by Kjeldahl Method were 6% higher than biodegradable nitrogen contents determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method. Loss of nitrogen in compost was highest at early periods of composting and its losses determined by Kjeldahl Method and $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method in 30 weeks after composting were 50% and 48% of total nitrogen, respectively. Highly positive correlations were observed among total nitrogen determined by Kjeldahl Method, biodegradable nitrogen determined by Kjeldahl Method, total nitrogen determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method and biodegradable nitrogen determined by $F{\"{o}}rster$ Method one another.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

A long-term experiment was carried out to examine the effects of compost on the long-term trends and synergy effects with chemical fertilizer and saving the chemical fertilizers of paddy cropping. The experiment was conducted for the past 36 years with constant amounts of N, P, K and compost in a paddy field at Milyang, South Korea. Grain yield was significantly increased in the plots with compost application. Twenty five years after the compost treatment, grain yield was significantly increased and it reached almost 90% of NPK plots. The effect of rice straw compost on grain yield was not clear during the early cropping years about 60%, but it slightly increased there after about 95% during the late five years. In compost plots, soil organic matter content, K and $SiO_2$ was greater in the compost applied plots than with application of recommended doses of NPK. However, soil pH was reduced in compost applied plots and Ca, and Mg were remained unchanged when compared to the application of recommended doses NPK. Soil nutrient contents were less in compost applied plots than with the application of recommended doses of NPK along with compost but was found to be increased than that of un-fertilized plots. The present study indicated that the application of rice straw compost with NPK is the best of all and followed by NPK and Compost. However, treatment of Compost is time consuming and hard working desired and eventually non economical practice in mechanized agricultural systems, even though Compost is very useful source of improving the soil fertility and its physical characteristics and also the application of inorganic N and P are essential for sustaining high yield.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2016

The production of high quality seedlings is a very important phase in silvicultural systems for successful reforestation or restoration. The purpose of this study was to measure both growth performances and nutrient responses of Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Pinus densiflora seedlings, which are commercially planted in Korea, according to soil improvement treatments. We applied 8 types of soil improvements: control with no treatment, compost B and compost Y as organic materials, vermiculite, perlite, two level of zeolite, and mix of vermiculite, perlite, and zeolite as inorganic materials in a permanent national nursery. Only compost B treatment significantly increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium and calcium at the 0-10 cm soil depth. The growth of F. rhynchophylla and P. densiflora was the highest at the compost B treatment and the lowest at the vermiculate treatment. Compost B treatment allocated more carbon to aboveground than belowground by 39%, especially to foliage. On the vector diagnosis, there was 'shortage' on compost B treatment because of all increases of N contents, N concentrations, and growth and 'over accumulation' on vermiculite treatment because of more N uptake compared with dry weight increase. This study suggested optimal use of soil improvements is very important to improve soil quality in a permanently used nursery.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 1996

The expriment was carried out to clarify the fertilizer efficiency of a garbage-based compost in cultivation of leaf vegitables. 1. Only application of 8 tons per 10 of the compost did not have any growth injury to "Osaka-shirona" (a cultivar of Brassica pekinensis L.) in a pot experiment 2. In four continuous cropping with application of 3 tons per 10 a of the compost before every seeding, "Osaka-shirona" grew satisfactorily. 3. Osaka-shirona, spinich and garland chrysanthemum were cultivated under a plastic house applied with 2 tons per a of each of the garbage-based compost and cattle manure, delayed release fertilizer and bark compost on the market. There was no difference of the vegetable yields among the applied field, as well as of the contents of ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin C, Ca and Fe.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.87-97
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial fermentation compost on the growth, yields and components of Altari Radish, and the soil physicochemistry property by cultivating area. microbial fermentation compost, 90kg/10a, 180kg/10a, 270kg/10a, chemical fertilizer plot were used. The results were summarized as follows ; Change of soil microbial after application microbial fermentation compost, The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in developed land showed the increased tendency. The application effects of microbial fermentation compost on the growth and yield of Altari radish were increased by excessive application with all kinds of microbial fermentation compost, especially, treatment plot at 270kg/10a was the highest. Change of components in Altari Radish was not different between treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

Sawdust, peat, and sawdust+peat were used as bulking agent in the compost production process using three different origin of manure; cow, pig, and chicken. The organic content and individual N, P, K content of the final manure compost were higher when peat or peat+sawdust were used to control the moisture. The carbon to nitrogen ratio and moisture content were low when peat or peat+sawdust were employed. In the case of cow and pig manure compost produced with peat or peat+sawdust, beneficial microorganism content was also higher than that of the manure samples produced with sawdust only. These results indicate that peat can be a useful component in the production of high quality manure compost.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The use of green manure and compost as organic fertilizer may increase crop yield and soil fertility due to improved soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter content (SOM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and compost application on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality and soil health. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (HV), and livestock compost+HV (LC+HV). Red pepper seedlings (70 days old) were transplanted and maintained in experimental plots for 140 days. Plant dry weight, micro- and macronutrient contents of plants and soil chemical properties were determined. All fertilizer treatments significantly increased plant dry weight. Fruit yield was significantly highest with HV treatment. As for nutrient content, plants in HV and LC+HV treatments have significantly higher K and Ca contents than the other treatments. Regarding soil properties, HV and LC+HV application significantly altered the soil chemical properties. Significantly higher SOM was observed in HV and LC+HV treated soils. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that short-term application of hairy vetch and compost is an effective alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizer to increase fruit yield red pepper and improve soil health.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2006

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of some organic materials such as rice straw, compost, hairy vetch, phosphate rock, magnesium lime powder and ash in the organic paddy fields, and also to develope the new technique for better soil management using described materials. The results are as follows; Height and tiller of rice plants were higher in chemical fertilizer than rice straw or compost, however, those of rice plants in hairy vetch-rice cropping system reached to chemical fertilizer. The Eh value of soil has decreased consecutively since on 30th, May because of the rising of soil temperature by an increase in the activity of microbes. As a result of measuring yield and yield components, there is not significant difference between treatment. The application of organic materials enriched the contents of available phosphorus, exchangible potassium and calcium in soil, and, also improved the physical properties such as pore space rates and bulk density. From the viewpoint of soil management technology in organic paddy fields, the application of rice straw or organic compost might cause the decrease of yield compared with conventional cultivation system, chemical fertilizer, however, the application of hairy vetch residues of soil compensated for growth and yield as well as improved the physicochemical property. Therefore, it is assumed that the cultivation of hairy vetch for winter season can be one of the useful methods for organic farming system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.369-369
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• 2017

To improve the reclaimed land soil, we put organic materials (Chopped kenaf, decomposed rice hull, rice straw, pellet type manure compost) into reclaimed land for 3,000 kg per 10a. As a result, EC of reclaimed soil was lowered by 58% ($1.2dS/m{\rightarrow}0.5$), content of soil organic material was risen from 6.7 g/kg to 16.0 (1.4 fold ${\uparrow}$), porosity of soil was elevated from 1.57 % to 1.31 (16.6% ${\downarrow}$), soil hardness was reduced from 20.2 mm to 17.9 (11.4% ${\downarrow}$) and plow layer soil was deepen from 19.8 cm to 26.8 (35% ${\uparrow}$). In the wake of physiochemical improvement of reclaimed soil, the growth phase of crops became better contrast to non-treatment. For example the plant height of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) cultivated in reclaimed land containing organic materials was lengthen by 18.8%. Especially, the improvment effect of pellet type manure compost and rice straw was more preferable. When the kenaf was cultivated in reclaimed land containing organic materials, the yield was become higher. The average yield of organic materials treatment was 9,218 kg/10a, and it was 2.1 times higher than non-treatment (4,368kg/10a). And the effective treatments to increase yields were pellet type manure compost (10,848 kg/10a, 148% ${\uparrow}$), rice straw (120% ${\uparrow}$) and chopped kenaf (95% ${\uparrow}$). To intensify the effect of physicochemical enhancement of reclaimed land soil and improving yields, we put into various physical types of organic materials (pellet type, liquid type, powdered type). The most effective organic materials type for enhancement of physicochemical properties (EC of reclaimed soil was lowered, content of soil organic material was risen, porosity of soil was elevated, soil hardness was reduced, plow layer soil was deepen) was pellet. And source to maintain better growth phase and get more yield were liquid and pellet types. When we used pellet type organic material, the plant height of kenaf was lengthen by 41% in comparison with non-treatment and yield was more than 122% more. And also liquid type could get more yield (by 127%) and growth phase (by 38%)

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2012

There are different types of compost used as soil conditioners and fertilizers. Plants can have different responses to different forms of compost. This field study was performed to examine the effects of different types of compost on growth factors of three dry rangeland species (Atriplex, $Atriplex$ $lentiformis$; Saltwort, $Seidlitzia$ $rosmarinus$; Haloxylon, $Haloxylon$ $persicum$) and soil properties. The experiment was conducted in the Fars Province of Iran during the year 2010-2011. Compost applications consisted of compost tea, solid compost (SC), solid and liquid mixture (MX) and no compost as the control. The study was a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The results showed that all the tested compost applications enhanced the growth traits of all three species. It was also demonstrated that the use of compost significantly increased the organic matter (1% probability level [PL]), nitrogen concentration (5% PL), phosphorous (5% PL) and potassium (5% PL) concentrations of the soil. The soil's pH level was unchanged (range, 7.3 to 7.6), and the sodium concentration was also significantly decreased (1% PL) by the use of compost. The higher responses were observed in canopy volume and soil sodium and the lower were observed in stem diameter and soil pH level. Among the three plants in the study, Atriplex showed the best response to the application of compost. Based on the results of this study, it can be recommended that the best compost application to increase growth and improve soil condition is the mixed compost (MX) for Atriplex and the SC for Saltwort and Haloxylon.