• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

This research was conducted to improve availability of agricultural by-products, national natural resources that could be used as fertilizer source, by estimating the amount of production and collecting main contents of fertilizer substances from previous studies and data, in order to be used as basic data to investigate national resources that could be used as alternatives for imported oil-cakes in the future. Conversion factor was used to estimate annual production of agricultural by-products for main 34 crop types in 2018. For total agricultural by-products, rice straws accounted at 50.3% for the highest proportion, followed by 8.7% of rice husks, showing that by-products from rice harvest accounted at 59.0% for all by-products. Further, there were listed the contents of fertilizer substances (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash) in 40 types of by-products from agricultural areas. The average contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in agricultural by-products were 1.43%, 0.59%, and 1.90%, respectively. As a result of estimating the annual nitrogen supply amount from 26 agricultural by-products in 2018, it was found that it could supply 44,911 tons of nitrogen. The investigated by-products contained fertilizer substances such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, but the contents were lower compared to castor oil-cake used as main component of organic fertilizer. Therefore, resource management plan needs to be established for efficient use of by-products because time, location, and nutrient content of agricultural by-product production were extremely different. Research on fertilizer and manure using agricultural by-products need to be conducted to develop and distribute alternatives for imported oil-cakes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.120-122
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• 2001

This study was carried out to monitor suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides and industrial organic chemicals among circulated agricultural products in the north area of Seoul in 2001. Procymidone, vinclozolin, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chloropyrifos and pendimetaline (pesticides) and butylated hydroxytoluene(industrial organic chemicals) were certified by GC-MS. Detected 6 pesticides were remained mostly in the green vegetables, spices and wild plants with $3\%$ detected. Butylated hydroxytoluene(industrial organic chemicals) used for green house cover stuffs was contained mostly in the green vegetables, spices and wild plants not in the fruits and cereals with $43\%$ detected. In the same agricultural products containing butylated hydroxy toluene showed same detection tendency with remaining endocrine disrupting pesticides.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.489-509
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• 2010

The object of this study is to analyze marketing situations and to suggest developing issues for organic farming. Organic agricultural products (OAP) has been steadily grown by an annual 36.4 percent over the past ten years, and production of OAP took up 4.5 percent of the Environmentally friendly agricultural products (EFAP) in 2009. 9,403 farmers, cultivated area 13,343ha and production 108,810 M/T in Organic agriculture are respectively formed 0.8 percent, 0.8 percent and 0.6 percent of Korea agriculture in 2009. And production of livestock products to have been certificated from the year 2005 was over 10,000M/T in 2008. OAP is mainly distributed by direct marketing system. The market size of OAP is 188.5 billion in 2008 and has been grown by an annual 30.1 percent. The price difference between OAP and general agricultural products is about 65.8 percent. Several issues on the marketing system of OAP are as follows : overcost of OAP marketing socially, imbalance of supply and demand, absence of standard price, institutional insufficiency to marketing within wholesale market, retail price inflexibility of consumer's cooperative, and so on.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 2010

Japan launched its regulatory certification system for organic foods based on the amended JAS laws in June 2000, followed by the implementation of regulations on organic agricultural products and organic processed foods in January 2001 and with the implementation of the standards on organic animal husbandry and organic feed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries in 2005, organic foods have been under integrated and systematic supervision. Certification of organic foods can be undertaken by registered accredited bodies (private certification bodies) or legal entities conforming to the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries. However, with the amendment of the JAS laws in March 2006, only legal entities conforming to the regulations of the ISO/IEC GUIDE 65 are eligible as certification bodies. Foreign organic products imported to Japan must be certified organic under JAS regulations and must be manufactured or produced by foreign manufacturers certified by local or foreign registered accredited organizations and distributed with the Organic JAS Mark affixed or through importers certified by local registered accredited organizations and distributed with the Organic JAS Mark affixed on the products. It can be implied from the Japanese case study that it necessary to reform the diverse agricultural products certification systems to set up an integrated certification system, and the restructuring of government organizations, reforms of environmentally-friendly agricultural products certification system and the integration of the organic food certification systems are needed in order to integrate the control of the standards and certification systems.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.75-92
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• 2003

Organic livestock farming in northern European regions has been expanded with the major animals of large ruminants using pastures and grass silages. Organic livestock farming in some European countries has been in rather short of productivity compared to the conventional livestock farming, however since the gap of productivity between organic and conventional livestock farming has been reported to be reduced when the efficiency of management would improve, organic livestock farming has a potential to develop as a clean livestock farming in the future. We expect that organic livestock farming be propelled to a future model of livestock farming in Korea too. As the schemes for realization of organic livestock farming in Korea, firstly a system for the consistent supply of organic feed should be established. Mountainous areas that represents 63 % of total area of Korea could be utilized for the production of organic forages. Uncultivated rice paddy and upland agricultural field could also be used for this purpose. The active application of organic agricultural by-products such as organic rice straw, organic rice bran and SO forth can be considered for organic livestock farming. Secondly, the replacement of anti-biotics for the management of animal diseases should be developed using natural products. Plants and microbes would be good sources of natural products. Thirdly, the realization of organic livestock farming may require a system for certification of the organic farms and consequently the experts to work on.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.259-262
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• 2011

In organic Chinese cabbage fields, Commercial Bacillus thuringiensis products are used widely against diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella. We conducted the study to determine the effective spray-interval of commercialized B. thuringiensis against diamond back moth on Chinese cabbages. Chinese cabbage leaves were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10days after treatment in first trial and 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11days after treatment. We compared the insecticidal property of sprayed B. thuringiensis and the density of it on surface of Chinese cabbages using collected leaves. The insecticidal property maintained high until nine days after commercial B. thuringiensis products sprayed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different selenium (Se) products (inorganic, organic A, organic B) added at two supplemental dietary Se levels (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and Se retention in growing-finishing pigs. A $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a RCB design, with a non-Se-fortified basal diet serving as the negative control. A total of 56 crossbred pigs (28 male and 28 female pigs) initially weighing an average $28.45{\pm}0.53kg$ BW were allotted to each treatment with four pigs per pen on the basis of sex and weight. Two pigs per pen were selected and bled from the anterior vena cava at 3- weekly intervals to analyze Se concentration. In the growing phase (0-6 weeks), increased ADFI was observed when pigs were fed organic Se compared to those fed the control diet or inorganic Se treatment (p<0.05). Pigs fed inorganic Se had a great ADFI than pigs fed organic Se (p<0.05) in the late finishing phase (7-12 weeks), although there were no differences in whole period ADFI between organic or inorganic Se products. During 12 weeks of the whole experimental period, serum Se concentration increased linearly when dietary Se level increased regardless of Se products (p<0.05). Both dietary Se source (p<0.05) and Se level (p<0.01) influenced the Se concentration of various pig tissues at end of this experiment and Se content was the highest in the kidney. For the determination of nutrient digestibility, a metabolic trial was conducted in 3 replicates in randomized complete block (RCB) design. A total of 21 barrows ($50.21{\pm}0.62kg$ of average BW) were used in the metabolic study. Selenium supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility except for crude protein. Crude protein digestibility increased with dietary supplementation of organic Se (A) compared with other forms of Se products or control diet (p<0.05). Consequently, this experiment indicated that dietary Se products and levels had no effect on growth performance of pigs. Se concentration in tissues and serum was increased in proportion to dietary Se level, especially when organic Se was provided. Although pigs were fed organic forms of Se, bioavailability of organic forms varied among products, consequently bioactivity of organic products to the animals should be evaluated before practical application in animal feed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.143-159
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• 2012

Agricultural income is calculated with producer price, output and management cost. This study compared organic farming with conventional one for agricultural income, producer price and output by items. And then it proposed the method of item selection and crop system from a diversification point of view. The coefficient of variation to producer prices in organic farming was 4.7%, and conventional one was 30.3% because organic products have been produced in a system of contract farming with consumers' cooperative. This result means the price of organic products is stabler than that of conventional price. And agricultural income of organic farming has been generally known more than that of conventional one. However, agricultural gross income of conventional farming was more than that of organic one by 20.3% in 2010. It was caused by output reduction of a few items(fer example; onion, large green onion, potato and young pumpkin) due to freak weather conditions and constant producer price for several years in organic farming. In order to increase agricultural income, appropriate crop selection and system should be introduced to organic farming. A principal crop is the rice plant and 2 subordinate crops are dry crops at bare field and greenhouse respectively. Thus 5 crop systems that agricultural gross income are relatively increased larger among 15 crop systems estimated are rice+ginger+cucumber, rice+ginger+tomato, rice+large green onion+cucumber, rice+sweet potato+cucumber and rice+onion+ cucumber.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival, a rural festival, affects the farmers of the local farms in Cheongju. Based on grounded theory, this study analyzed the objective using a qualitative research program, the Nvivo11 program. The data was collected through in depth interviews from 13 farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival, and were also residents of Chungcheungbuk-do. The roles of the local festival expected by farmers, were the sale of local agricultural products, local public relations, regional revitalization, a sense of pride as a farmer, exchange of business ideas for sales of agricultural products, and a line of direct communication between farmers and consumers. The farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival insisted that sales should rise. The results showed that the farmers who participated in the festival felt socially and psychologically stable while participating. The programs at the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival include a concert, hands on involvement, and agricultural sales, which have a direct influence on both sales and attracting visitors during the local festival. Farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival asked for the improvement of the overall operation of the festival, including the problems with the admission tickets, parking, arrangement of facilities, festival venue, time, and etc. The suggested improvements for the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival focused on the quality certification system of agricultural products, as well as the organic farming of products, thereby to gain trust from the consumers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.517-528
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• 2022

This study analyzed the factors influencing the demand for processed products of ugly agricultural products targeting 300 consumers. First, the awareness of the problem of the disposal of ugly agricultural products was very high at 72%. In other words, it can be seen that consumers are highly interested in environmental issues caused by the disposal of ugly agricultural products. Second, the experience of purchasing ugly agricultural products is high at 73%, which is proof that consumers are highly aware of and likely to purchase ugly agricultural products. Third, 77.6% of the respondents said they were willing to purchase processed ugly agricultural products. In other words, it was found that the intention to consume ugly agricultural products was sufficient. Finally, the conjoint analysis was applied to analyze the attribute value of ugly agricultural products. As a result of calculating the total utility of the optimal properties and optimal properties of the ugly fruit fermented, the total utility of the optimal properties was 0.778, the price was 0.481, the eco-friendly certification was 0.004, and the fruit syrup ratio was 0.294.