• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2010

The performance of two serial completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) for treatment of swine manure (SM) with Chinese cabbage silage (CCS) was studied. The two CSTRs of 41 liters each were connected in series and first reactor was fed swine manure with Chinese cabbage silage in 3:1 proportion by VS basis. The FOS/TAC, methane content (%) and pH were utilized as the parameters for the digester stability control. The FOS/TAC value was found to be effective indicator for instant digester condition. The stability of reactors can be obtained with the FOS/TAC value up to 1.0 with accumulation of FOS value below 10,000 mg/L. Material exchange method was effective in transferring the excess volatile fatty acids (VFA) from the first reactor to the second one and maintaining stability in both the reactors. The biogas yield and the methane yield was 0.55-0.61 and 0.41-0.42 L/g VS fed, respectively, at organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.2-2.6 g VS/L with total HRT of 32 days.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the quality changes of Chinese cabbage with various storage methods. The V/H ratio, as reference of withering, of Chinese cabbage in PE film was high. Ethanol contents of Chinese cabbage packed with 0.06mm and 0.1mm PE film pouch were greater than that with 0.03mm PE film pouch. Organic acid and sugar contents in the Chinese cabbage were gradually decreased during storage. Chinese cabbage packed with 0.03mm PE film pouch was more adaptable than 0.06mm PE film pouch in winter Chinese cabbage during storage. The CO$_2$ contents in PE film pouch was increased hums 15days of storage, and then not changed during storage. The change of O$_2$ contents in PE film Pouch was opposed to tendency of CO$_2$ change. The 0.06mm and 0.1mm PE film Pouch high CO$_2$ contents and low O$_2$ contents during the storage, were less adaptable than 0.03mm PE film pouch in the winter Chinese cabbage storage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of microbial fertilizers on yields of Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.). Six microbial fertilizers, MPK+Husk+Palma, Husk+Palma, MPK+Compost, Compost, Bio livestock cattle system(BLCS) cattle dropping, and Tomi, were used. All of the microbial fertilizers were very effective to increase yields of Chinese cabbage. As a result of analysis of plant chemical components, MPK+Compost treated plot showed higher concentrations of Fe and Zn than other microbial fertilizers plot. In a chemical components of soil, concentrations of K, Mg were increased with Tomi treatment, however, the other concentrations of plant and soil chemical components were not different. In a microbial properties of soil, Tomi, Husk+Palma, and MPK+Husk+Palma treated plots increased in numbers of total bacteria and bacillus. Tomi treated plot increased in numbers of actinomycetes and fungi, also. The other microbial properties of soil were not different, however. The microbial fertilizers may affect the useful microbial properties, therefore, it would be increase yield of Chinese cabbage treated with them.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.238-241
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• 2011

An average Korean known to ingest 3.4 times of the nitrate ADI level are found to have taken in 97% of nitrates through vegetables. This study analyzed the contents of nitrates and chlorophyll in organic Chinese cabbages, a major favorite vegetable for Koreans, with a view to lowering daily intake of nitrate. Our findings show that, in organically cultivated cabbages, the further outward the leaf was located, the more significantly the contents of nitrates increased, with the midrib and leaf blade showing positive relationship of $r=0.789^{**}$, and $r=0.659^{**}$, respectively. In the case of the midrib, the contents increased as high as 79 times ranging from 40ppm for the innermost leaf to 3, 177ppm for the outermost one, and when it comes to the leaf blade, the contents rose as high as 87 times, showing a range of 40 ~ 3,481ppm. Our findings also suggest that it is advisable to discard 1/3 of the outermost leaves before eating Chinese cabbages, since the outer leaves with known high contents of chlorophyll also have high contents of nitrates.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2018

Biochar is the carbon solid produced through the pyrolysis of a biomass from organic sources such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and sludge under limited or anaerobic conditions. Biochar has the effect of reducing greenhouse gases through the carbon sequestration method; additionally, biochar is known to function as a soil amendment. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the application of biochar on the growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage at Chungnam National University in Daejeon, Korea. The Chinese cabbage was grown for 50 days in a glasshouse in pots. A pruning branch was used to produce the bead and pellet forms of biochar through pyrolysis. The biochar was added to the soil at 0, 2, and 5% by weight. The Chinese cabbage with the 2% treatment of the bead form of biochar had the highest fresh weight ($149.43{\pm}15.92g\;plant^{-1}$) which was increased by 10% compared to the control ($136.91{\pm}31.46g\;plant^{-1}$). Moreover, for the 5% treatment of the bead form of biochar ($60.91{\pm}9.82g\;plant^{-1}$), the growth decreased by 57% compared to the control. As the content of the bead form of biochar increased, the shoot dry weight, leaf number, leaf length and lead width that appeared decreased. An increase in the total organic matter, Avail. $P_2O_5$, Ex. cation and EC was observed when the biochar content was increased. Our results support the application of 2% biochar in the bead form for increased growth of Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.300-305
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• 2007

Soil erosion is one of the most serious problems in alpine upland in Korea. Soil fertility has continuously decreased due to serious soil erosion. To increase soil fertility, new sources of organic matter should be inputted. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to select winter cover crop as new sources of organic matter and to investigate the effect of winter cover crop on soil property changes, major crop productivity (Chinese cabbage, potato) production in highland, and disease occurrence with different cropping systems. Among 17 candidates for winter coverage crop, rye was most suitable due to it's soil covering rate, and over-wintering rate. The optimum sowing period for rye ranged from late August to late September. Soil porosity and organic matter content increased with rye cultivation. Rye cultivation during winter increased amounts of crop (both Chinese cabbage and potato) productivity up to 8%. There was little difference on amount of crop productivity depending on cropping systems such as monoculture (Chinese cabbage or potato) and Chinese cabbage-potato rotation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.280-289
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to establish a model for recommendable application level of nitrogen fertilizer based on soil testing for summer chinese cabbage in highland. A field experiment was carried out with various nitrogen application levels in sand loamy soil with and without poultry manure compost. The application level of N in poultry manure compost plot was found to be $291kg\;ha^{-1}$ for maximum yield of chinese cabbage, and it was 87% of the required N application level, $335kg\;ha^{-1}$, for maximum yield of chinese cabbage in nonmanure plot. In the treatment of poultry manure, approximately $174kg\;ha^{-1}$ of N was required to obtain the same yield of chinese cabbage as the maximum yield obtained in the treatments without poultry manure application. Therefore, with poultry manure application, N application level can be reduced by 40%. Using these results, a new equation for N recommendation for chinese cabbage in highland soil was proposed. With the average organic matter content of $33g\;kg^{-1}$ in highland field, the application levels of N for chinese cabbage were in the range of $215-129kg\;ha^{-1}$, which means that 32.8-59.7% of current application amount of N fertilizer can be reduced.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.584-588
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic materials, chitosan, wood vinegar, and EM active solution, on soil microbial and growth in Chinese cabbage. The organic materials were treated with chitosan, wood vinegar, and EM (effective microoganism) active solution, and the treatment concentration was 100 times solution and 1,000 times solution level with foliar application. The results are summarized as follows: Among foliar application of organic materials treatment plot[?], with 1,000 times solution level of chitosan was effective in inhibiting microbial growth in Chinese cabbage compared to other plots and control. The microorganism number in the soil for cultivation of Chinese cabbage increased with organic materials treatment plot as compared with control. Especially, 1,000 times solution level of chitosan showed the most significant effect.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of chinese cabbage. The experiment was conducted in a rain-shelter house which was installed in the agriculture farm. Plants were fertilized with concentrated slurry (CS), byproduct fertilizer (BF), mixture of concentrated slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer (CS+BF), combined organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+BF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) as control. 1. The pH level of byproduct liquid was decreased from the 3rd to the 7th day and increased 9 day to 14th day, but pH of concentrated slurry (CS) was not greatly varied. EC of concentrated slurry (CS) and byproduct liquid was increased gradually during the fermentation. 2. The concentrated slurry (CS) was low in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, rich in potassium and unbalanced as a low nitrogen and high potassium. But byproduct liquid fertilizer was balanced in nitrogen and potassium ratio. 3. The leaf number, head height, head width of chinese cabbage in treatment with organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) showed significant difference compared with control. The plant and head weight of chinese cabbage in treatment of concentrated slurry was severely decreased, but that in treatment organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) were increased 8, 10% compared with control chemical fertilizer (CF), respectively. 4. The content of $K_2O$ in plant tissue and in soil was increased after using concentrated slurry. On the other hand, mineral content of except $K_2O$ did not differ significantly between any of the treatments. In conclusion, organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) could improve growth and head weight of chinese cabbage.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2012

Clubroot of Chinese cabbage by Plasmodiophora brassicae, was found to be high virulent to the Chinese cabbage, turnips and cabbage. It this study, the endophytic bacteria Flavobacterium hercynium EPB-C313, which was isolated from tissues of Chinese cabbage, was investigated the antimicrobial activity on the inactivation of resting spores and its control effect on clubroot disease by bioassay. The bacterial cells, culture solutions, and culture filtrates of F. hercynium EPB-C313 inactivate the resting spores of P. brassicae with 90.4, 36.8, and 26.0%, respectively. The clubroot was inhibited with 100% by dipping the seedlings of Chinese cabbage in culture solutions of F. hercynium EPB-C313 before planting, however the chemmical 'fluazinam' was 91.7% in pot tests. Complex treatment were highly enhanced control efficacy with 63.7% at field of 50% diseased plants by soil incorporation with the pellet contains organic matter and F. hercynium EPB-C313, seedling drench of culture solution of F. hercynium EPB-C313 and soil drench with 10 days after planting. These results imply that the F. hercynium EPB-C313 is a very useful biological control agent of clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage.