• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2006년도 제33회 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.94-94
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• 2006

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.730-736
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• 1997

Distribution of radioactivity in the skin tissues, subcutaneous tissues, blood and body organs was examined following topical application of $^{125}I-rhEGF$(0.4 ${\mu}Ci$), in the form of a Pluronic F-127 gel, on the normal and damaged (burned and stripped) skins of SD male rats. The radioactivity in the skin tissues and subcutaneous tissues was 3-5 times higher for the damaged skins than for the normal skin. But pretreatment of the skin with rhEGF (1${\mu}g$)) twice at 24 hr dose intervals affected the distribution of the radioactivity yielding the order of burned skin> stripped skin=normal skin. The decrease for the stripped skin by the pretreatment might be related either to the pathophysiological change of the skin or to the down regulation of the EGF receptor. Liver showed the highest radioactivity in amount following single and multiple administration of the drug to the normal and damaged skins. But,in concentration, the kidney and stomach showed higher value than the liver which is consistent with that kidney is a major eliminating organ of EGF and that EGF exerts its pharmacological effect specifically for the stomach.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.301-314
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• 2005

Objective: Rebamipide is a propionic acid derivative that has an action of the inhibition of superoxide production and removal of hydroxyl radical with the sperm incubation and cryopreservation. In the present study, to investigate whether rebamipide is useful to treat male infertility and sterility, the author observed the antioxidative effects in patient with male infertility and also examined its absorption and distribution in rat genital organ. Methods: To measure the distribution of rebamipide in reproductive organ in the rat, carbon indicated rebamipide, $^{14}C-OPC-12759$, was orally administered to 10 Spraque-Dawley rats and its organ concentration in serum, liver, kidney, stomach, duodenum, colon, urinary bladder, seminal vesicle, epididymis and testicle were measured each time after 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours by using HPLC fluorescent method. The concentrations in semen were measured by HPLC fluorescent method in a sample of 50 infertile males who took 900 mg of rebamipide daily for 3 months. To measure the antioxidative effect and fertility rate for 3 months, each month before and after the treatment, sperm motility, vitality, the oxygen free radical formation, level of peroxidation, fetilizing capacity of semen sample which were obtained from infertile male patients by masturbation after at least 48 hours abstinence were analyzed by computer assisted semen analyzer, eosin-nigrosin stain, chemiluminescence, thiobarbituric acid method and hypo-osmotic swelling test. Simultaneously in a sample that wanted baby, both pregnancy and delivery were researched. Results: The $^{14}C-OPC-12759$ concentration in the body of white rats was highest in gastrointestinal organ like stomach, smal intestine and duodenum and followed by genital organ like seminal vesicle, testis and epididymis. The rebamipide concentration in semen of infertile males was $220.77{\pm}327.84ng/mL$ (SD) which showed a large deviation but it was higher than serum which was $126{\pm}76ng/mL$ (SD). In the infertile males, after the treatment with rebamipide, the level of seminal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation have significantly decreased in duration of the treatment (p<0.05) and sperm vitality and fertilizing capacity except sperm motility significantly improved on post treatment of 2~3 months (p<0.05). Out of the 41 cases who hoped for pregnancy, 15 cases (36.6%) became pregnant and 12 cases had childbrith, 2 cases had miscarriage and one case is ongoing. The side effect was observed in 1 case (2%) which experienced diarrhea but it was lost spontaneously. Conclusions: We conclude from this study that rebamipide showed relatively high tendancy of absorption and excretion in the genital organ. In infertile males who had elevated ROS in semen, by specifically inhibiting the cell damage from the antioxidation, a way to preserve sperm motility, vitality and fertilizing capacity was confirmed.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2016

최근 국민의 소득수준 증가에 따른 소아의 교정치료 등의 관심이 커지면서 치과방사선 검사의 건수가 증가하고 있어 부정교합 및 악골과 치아의 위치변화 등을 관찰할 수 있는 두부규격방사선촬영이 빈번해지고 있다. 특히 검사 대상자가 방사선에 더욱 민감한 소아 층에 집중되어 있고 촬영 부위인 두경부에는 갑상선, 골수, 안구, 타액선 등의 방사선에 민감한 주요 장기가 위치하고 있어 피폭의 주의가 요구된다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 Agfa CP-G Plus 필름과 MagicMax 선량계를 이용하여 두경부규격방사선촬영장치(VATEC Pax-400C)에서 발생되는 X선의 2차원 선량분포를 측정하고 MCNPX 시뮬레이션을 통해 두경부 장기선량을 계산하였으며 피폭저감 장치를 설계하였다. 두부규격방사선촬영의 선량분포는 구강악안면의 검사 목적 부위 이외에도 두경부 전체적인 피폭이 일어나고 두경부 주요 장기 중 갑상선과 식도, 눈에서 높은 피폭선량 값을 확인하였다. 그리고 설계한 피폭저감 장치를 적용에 따라 갑상선과 식도, 눈에서 70~80% 피폭이 저감됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 치과방사선에 대한 선량 데이터 확보와 방사선 피폭 저감 연구에 있어 매우 유용하게 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2006

Deficiencies in the early ADMET(absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity) information on drug candidate extract a significant economic penalty on pharmaceutical firms. Microscale cell culture analogue-microscale gastrointestinal(${\mu}CCA-{\mu}GI$) device using Caco 2, L2 and HEp G2/C3A cells, which mimic metabolic process after absorption occurring in humans was used to investigate the toxicity of the model chemical, acetaminophen(AAP). The toxicity of acetaminophen determined after induction of CYP 1A1/2 in Caco 2 cells was not significant. In a coculture system, although no significant reduction in viability of HEp G2/C3A and L2 cells was found, approximately 5 fold increase in the CYP 1A1/2 activity was observed. These results appear to be related to organ-organ interaction. The oral administration of a drug requires addition of the absorption process through small intestine to the current ${\mu}CCA$ device. Therefore, a perfusion coculture system was employed for the evaluation of the absolution across the small intestine and resulting toxicity in the liver and lung. This system give comprehensive and physiologic information on oral uptake and resulting toxicity as in the body. The current ${\mu}CCA$ device can be used to demonstrate the toxic effect due to organ to organ interaction after oral administration,

• 한국수의병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1998

Apodemus agrarius Pallas has been known to be a reservoir of hanta virus. But there was no report of immune organs. So this study was performed to clarify the relation between Structure and function of immune organ. In the present investigation an immunocytochemistry procedure was used to examine the distribution of T and B cell and macrophage populations in the thymus spleen and lymph nodes. Most of lymphoid organ showed decreased pattern of Ly1 positive T and IgM positive B cells. Macrophage positive cells were deceased in vivo. The present study gives an overview on the immune organ structure and function of Apodemus agrarius Pallas.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2023

Directly, it is not possible to measure the absorbed dose of radiopharmaceuticals in the organs of the human body. Therefore, simulation methods are utilized to estimate the dose in distinct organs. In this study, individual organs were separately considered as the source organ or target organ to calculate the mean absorption dose, which SAF and S factors were then calculated according to the target uptake via MIRD method. Here, ^99mTc activity distribution within the target was analyzed using the definition and simulation of ideal organs by summing the fraction of cumulative activities of the heart as source organ. Thus, GATE code was utilized to simulate the Zubal humanoid phantom. To validate the outcomes in comparison to the similar results reported, the accumulation of activity in the main organs of the body was calculated at the moment of injection and cardiac rest condition after 60 min of injection. The results showed the highest dose absorbed into pancreas was about 21%, then gallbladder 18%, kidney 16%, spleen 15%, heart 8%, liver 8%, thyroid 7%, lungs 5% and brain 2%, respectively, after 1 h of injection. This distinct simulation model may also be used for different periods after injection and modifying the prescribed dose.

• 약학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.591-597
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• 1992

The organ distribution of $[^3H]$-methotrexate-lactosaminated bovine serum albumin conjugates ($[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA) was investigated to examine their role as a liver-specific anticancer drug. Synthesis of lactosaminated bovine serum albumin(LBSA) with BSA, lactose and sodium cyanoborohydride through reductive amination was followed by its conjugation with methotrexate (MTX) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), thereby synthesizing [$[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA conjugates. Organ distribution and plasma elimination profiles were studied in male Wistar rats after intravenous injection of [$[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA conjugates. The fates of $[^3H]$-MTX and the $[^3H]$-MTX-BSA conjugates´fates were also investigated for comparison. The results showed that the plasma level of $[^3H]$-MTX-LBSA conjugates declined more rapidly than those of $[^3H]$-MTX-BSA and their liver concentration was significantly higher than those of other treatment (p<0.01). In addition, their uptake compared to the amount taken up by the liver (1 : 33.1 at 10 min, 1 : 24.1 at 120 min). All these suggested that MTX-LBSA conjugate is one of the drug delivery system (DDS) that is advanced in concentrating MTX in the liver and minimizing the renal toxicity of MTX.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

의료기관 내 핵의학 종사자는 방사성동위원소 취급 시 사용하는 선원의 종류, 방사능량, 차폐기구의 사용 여부에 따라 종사자 개인별로 광범위한 피폭선량을 나타낼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 몬테카를로 기법을 기반으로 한 모의실험을 통해 진단용 방사선원 취급 시 종사자의 장기별 선량평가와 L-block 차폐기구 사용에 따른 선량감소효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 방사선원의 취급 위치에 근접할수록 높은 장기선량 분포를 나타내었고, ICRP 조직가중치에 따라 유효선량 분포가 상이한 양상을 보였다. 또한 L-block 두께에 따른 선량감소효과는 차폐두께 증가에 따라 지수함수 분포로 감소되는 경향을 나타내었으며, 방사선원별 선량감소효과는 방출하는 감마선 에너지에 비례하여 낮은 차폐효과를 보였다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1981

Radioactive phosphorus(P-32) was injected to the chicken in the purpose of determination of the uptake and distribution, as related to sex and hour differences of the various organs of the body. $2{\mu}Ci$ of P-32 were injected to each chicken and the distribution of P-32 was observed at 1 hr, 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after injection. In this experiment 34 heads of chicken were used(30 chicken for P-32, 4 chicken for control group) and the results obtained as follows: 1. The uptake of P-32 per gram of various organ in g. mm, femur(1 hr), liver, femur, tibia(24 hrs) and tibia(48 hrs) exhibited higher in the male than the female. 2. The uptake of P-32 per gram of various organ in heart, kidney, ovary(1 hr), kidney, brain(24 hrs) and kidney(48 hrs)exhibited higher in the female than the male. 3. The uptake ratio of brain, spleen, g. mm and tibia were increased gradually by the 12 hrs after injection of P-32, but decreased in liver, heart and kidney by the 24 hrs. 4. The uptake ratio of the femur was increased gradually by the 24 hrs, but testis and ovary was increased after 24 hrs. 5. The organs showed an uptake of P-32 per gram of various organ, with the following sequence : femur, tibia, testis or ovary, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, g. mm and brain.