• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국데이터정보과학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.121-126
• /
• 2004

This paper discusses about how to build up a mixed-effects model using cumulative logits when there are some factors are fixed and others are random. Random factors are assumed to be coming from a two-way nested design for choosing individuals or experimental units to apply treatments. Estimation procedure for the unknown parameters in a suggested model is also discussed by an illustrated example.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.153-164
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 경찰청에서 제공한 2006년 전국 37,589개의 보행자 사고 자료에서 나타난 보행자 사고 심각도를 분석했다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 보행자사고 심각도에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 주요 요인을 미리 선정하여, 그 영향을 순서형 로짓 모형(Ordered Logit Model)을 통해 분석했다. 이모형은 사고 심각도와 같이 종속변수가 순서형으로 표시되는 경우 매우 유용한 결과를 제시하는 것으로 알려져 있어서 본 연구에서 사용했다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결과를 나타냈다. 첫째, 우리나라 보행자 사고 심각도는 운전자와 보행자로 나타나는 인적요인에서 성별, 나이, 음주여부에 영향을 많이 받는다. 둘째, 기타 요인에는 차량, 도로기하구조, 날씨, 시간대가 포함된다. 셋째, 보행자 사고 심각도는 계절요인과 무관하다. 끝으로, 보행자 사고 심각도 분석을 위해 순서형 로짓 모형을 적용하면 매우 적절한 분석결과를 얻을 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 우리나라 보행자 사고 심각도는 사람들이 전통적으로 생각하는 것과 같은 방식인 것으로 확인했다. 이 결론은 본 연구에서 사용한 사고자료에 국한한 것이며, 이 결론을 일반화시키려면 추후 연구가 필요하다.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.11-23
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The objective of this study was to collect the basic data for improving the quality of nursing education by identifying the teaching efficiency of the ordered clinical nursing education by preceptor which was accepted by Gachongil College since 2001. Method: The data was collected from 30 Sept to 20 Oct 2002. The subjects of this study were 240 nursing students, junior 2nd term trained by the preceptors and 137 preceptors of 12 hospitals located in Inchon, Gyong Ki-do, and Seoul. The scale for measuring the teaching effectiveness, developed by Kim Miae et al.(1998), was employed as a tool for me study. The data was analysed by SPSS using mean value(SD), and ANOVA. Results: Mean value of teaching efficiency of preceptors evaluated by me nursing students scored 3.68(maximum 5). For 5 causal factors classified en the teaching efficiency, the factor of "teaching method and evaluation" showed the highest score, but "available as resource person" get the lowest. Items showing high score en teaching efficiency were "overall effectiveness of teacher", "was able to work with staff in cooperative manner", but the item of was unclear in instructions given to me showed the lowest. The psychiatric ward get the highest score, but cardiac catheterization room showed the lowest. The hospital 10 showed the highest score, but the hospital 8 get the lowest. Conclusion: As the findings from this study, the ordered clinical nursing education by preceptor showed higher teaching efficiency than the conventional education. Thus, cooperative relationship between nursing colleges and hospitals shall be suggested for improving the quality of clinical nursing education, and ordered clinical nursing education system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.2485-2489
• /
• 2005

This paper introduces a new preprocessing scheme to replace original data of gray scale images with particular ordered data so that performance of lossless compression can be improved more efficiently. As a kind of preprocessing technique to maximize performance of entropy encoder, the proposed method converts the input image data into more compressible form. Before encoding a stream of the input image, the proposed preprocessor counts co-occurrence frequencies for neighboring pixel pairs. Then, it replaces each pair of adjacent gray values with particular ordered numbers based on the investigated co-occurrence frequencies. When compressing ordered image using entropy encoder, we can expect to raise compression rate more highly because of enhanced statistical feature of the input image. In this paper, we show that lossless compression rate increased by up to 37.85% when comparing results from compressing preprocessed and non-preprocessed image data using entropy encoder such as Huffman, Arithmetic encoder.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.405-438
• /
• 2009

This study aims to analyse the consumer and regional dwellers preferences of nonghyup influenced by contributions of socio-economical using ordered logit model. The survey data were obtained from 225 adults in Chungnam province, cross sectional data in 2007. This paper especially estimates the impact of socio-economic characteristics, such as sex, occupation, school career, and emotional and subjective recognition of contributions of regional socio-economical and culture development, social welfare, It also examines the impact of recognition of cooperational level with local government's policy, customer satisfaction ratings, degree of business ethics. The main results are as follows; the consumer and regional dwellers preferences of nonghyup is not affected by sex, occupation, school career. But the consumer and regional dwellers preferences of nonghyup is influenced by emotional and subjective recognition of contributions of regional socio-economical and culture development, social welfare, It also influenced by emotional and subjective recognition of policy cooperation level with local government, customer satisfaction ratings, degree of business ethics.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1992년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 울산대학교, 울산; 01월 02일 May 1992
• /
• pp.188-197
• /
• 1992

제품 개발에 관한 응용 연구 혹은 개발 연구의 실험 결과가 품질특성의 본질적인 성격이나 측정시의 편의때문에 순차 범주형 자료(ordered categorical data)로 분류되는 경우가 있다. 본 논문에서는 망목 특성 문제(nominal-the-best type problem)를 분석하는데 있어서 기존의 다구찌 누적법이 순차 범주형 자료분석법이 안고 있는 문제점들을 고찰하고, 이를 개선하기 위해 품질손실에 근거한 목표 누적법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 기법을 post-etch contact window데이타에 적용해 본 결과 인자의 최적수준을 결정하는데 용이하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.273-284
• /
• 2004

Bayes estimation of parameters is considered for two independent exponential distributions with ordered means. Order restricted Bayes estimators for means are obtained with respect to inverted gamma, noninformative prior and uniform prior distributions, and their asymptotic properties are established. It is shown that the maximum likelihood estimator, restricted maximum likelihood estimator, unrestricted Bayes estimator, and restricted Bayes estimator of the mean are all consistent and have the same limiting distribution. These estimators are compared with the corresponding unrestricted Bayes estimators by Monte Carlo simulation.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.363-376
• /
• 2012

순서적 다항 반응변수의 경우 종종 과도하게 많은 수의 관측치가 0 범주에서 발생하는 영 과잉 특성을 지닌다. 이러한 영 과잉 자료에서 0범주를 발생시키는 요인이 여러 개 존재할 때 일반적인 순서적 프로빗 모형은 자료를 설명함에 있어서 한계를 지닌다. 본 논문에서는 영 과잉 특성을 반영한 이 단계 영 과잉 순서적 프로빗 모형의 베이지안 분석기법을 제시하고 이를 2008년도 통계청에서 조사한 한국인의 음주소비 자료에 적용시킨다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 음주소비가 하나도 없다고 답한 0 범주에 속하는 비음주자들을 신념 또는 영구적 건강상의 문제 등으로 상황에 관계없이 음주를 하지 않는 절대적 비음주자(genuine non-drinker, non-participant)와 현재 소비가 없지만 상황에 따라 음주자가 될 가능성이 있는 잠재적 음주자(zero consumption potential drinker)로 구분하는 프로빗 모형을 적용시켜 분석한다. 두 번째 단계에서는 잠재적 음주자와 1 이상의 범주에 속하는 실제적 음주자를 합하여 음주자 집단으로 보고 이에 대하여 순서적 프로빗 모형을 적용하여 분석한다. 분석결과, 비음주자 중 약 30%가 절대적 비음주자로 음주자료가 일반적 순서적 자료에 비하여 뚜렷한 영 과잉 특성을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 각 변수의 한계효과를 분석함으로써 같은 설명변수가 절대적 비음주자와 잠재적 음주자에 미치는 영향이 서로 반대로 나타날 수 있음을 발견하였고, 따라서 한국인의 음주자료에 대하여 제안된 영 과잉 순서적 프로빗 모형이 유용함을 보여주었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.945-958
• /
• 2017

This paper proposes a novel method of reversible data hiding in JPEG images. After analyzing the JPEG features, we provide a new algorithm of selecting appropriate blocks and coefficients to carry secret messages. Instead of embedding data into the histogram of all coefficients, we propose a strategy of ordered embedding to hide data by histogram shifts in several rounds. On the recipient end, secret messages can be exactly extracted, and the original JPEG image can be losslessly recovered. Experimental results show that high embedding rate can be achieved with limited distortions. Most importantly, the marked JPEG file generated by the proposed method requires less storage size than state-of-the-art works.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권12호
• /
• pp.6485-6489
• /
• 2012

Aims: To investigate the incidence of ordering tests for tumor markers which are used in cancer diagnosis, follow-up treatment and detection of recurrence, the rate of elevation in benign diseases and which clinics order them frequently. Materials and Method: Data for the tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) that were ordered by all the clinics in our Hospital between 2010 and 2011 were screened. When excluding repeated orders the results of 3,416 patients were available. It has been determined that in which benign diseases were the tumor markers frequently ordered and which of these conditions had high levels of them. Results: CA 19-9 was ordered for 1,858 patients 191 (10.3%) were malignant while 1667 (89.7%) were ordered in benign diseases. For CEA the total was 1,710, 226 (13.2%) malignant and 1484 (86.8%) benign, and for CA 125 1267, 111 (8.8%) malignant and 1156 (91.2%) benign. AFP was ordered for 1687 cases, 80 (4.7%) malignant but 1607 (95.3%) benign. CA 15-3 was ordered 1449 times, 174 (12%) for malignant and 1275 (88%) for benign diseases. In all cases, considerable proportions were positive. Conclusions: It was shown that clinicians frequently order tumor markers for benign conditions. The findings of this study has shown that tumor markers are used widely without indications as cancer screening tests.