• Title/Summary/Keyword: orange peel

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Sensory properties of Satsuma mandarin by quantitative descriptive analysis (감귤의 묘사적 관능 특성)

  • Ku, Kyung Hyung;Lee, Kyung-A;Choi, Jeong Hee
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.241-250
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    • 2015
  • This study investigated the sensory attributes of Satsuma mandarins to provide basic data for the establishment of a quality grade establishment of mandarins. Samples of the mandarins in different sizes (small, medium, and large) were collected via organic green house cultivation, conventional cultivation without pesticides and conventional cultivation in Jeju Island. Eight trained panels performed the triplicate measurements. From the results of the quantitative descriptive analysis, mandarin samples were selected with five types of appearances (gloss intensity, color intensity, peel width, damage degree, and peel texture), three types of odors (sour, sweet, fresh), six types of tastes (sour, sweet, bitter, fresh, tasteless, and off flavor) four types of texture (hardness, granule toughness, juicy, and tough feel), and three types of after-tastes (sour, sweet, and bitter). The results of the analysis of the quality characteristics of the samples showed that their, pH, total acidity and solids contents differed depending on the size of the samples more than their cultivation methods. The correlation coefficients between the quality properties of the mandarins showed that their, sample size was positively correlated with their peel width and toughness. Moreover, the soluble solid of sample was positively correlated with its color intensity, sweet and fresh orange flavor. However, soluble solid content of the samples was negatively coreelated with their bitter flavor, tastelessness, and off flavor. In the principal component analysis of the sensory attributes data, PC1 represented the soluble solid, gross intensity, orange color, sour and sweet odor, unique mandarin flavor (sweet and, fresh orange), etc., and PC2 (26.77%) the size, pH, sample acidity, and peel texture.

Preparation of Electrocatalysts and Comparison of Electrode Interface Reaction for Hybrid Type Na-air Battery (Hybrid type Na-air battery를 위한 촉매들의 제조 및 전극 계면 반응 성능 비교)

  • Kim, Kyoungho
    • Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2021
  • The importance of high capacity energy storage devices has recently emerged for stable power supply through renewable energy generation. From this point of view, the Na-air battery (NAB), which is a next-generation secondary battery, is receiving huge attention because it can realize a high capacity through abundant and inexpensive raw materials. In this study, activated carbon-based catalysts for hybrid type Na-air batteries were prepared and their characteristics were compared and analysed. In particular, from the viewpoint of resource recycling, activated carbon (Orange-C) was prepared using discarded orange peel, and performance was compared with Vulcan carbon, which is widely used. In addition, a Pt/C catalyst (homemade-Pt/C, HM-Pt/C) was synthesized using a modified polyol method to check whether the prepared activated carbon can be used as a supported catalyst, and a commercial Pt/C catalyst (Commercial Pt/C) and electrochemical performance were compared. The prepared Orange-C exhibited a typical H3 type BET isotherm, which is evidence that micropore and mesopore exist. In addition, in the case of HM-Pt/C, it was confirmed through TEM analysis that Pt particles were evenly distributed on the activated carbon supported catalyst. In particular, the HM-Pt/C-based NAB showed the smallest voltage gap (0.224V) and good voltage efficiency (92.34%) in the 1st galvanostatic charge-discharge test. In addition, the cycle performance test conducted for 20 cycles showed the most stable performance.

A Study on the Surface Roughness in the A 5032 Sheet Metal Forming (A 5032 판재성형에서 발생하는 표면거칙기에 관한 연구)

  • 박서운;김진무
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 1997.04a
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    • pp.546-551
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    • 1997
  • In sheet metal forming, since the surface area of workpiece is apparently larger than the volume of it, the surface condition of the sheet metal is much varied. The formability of sheet metal is decided by the forming limit and the macroscopic suface defect as like fracture and wrinkle, and microscopic asponent, The factors affected in forming limit are stain herdening exponent, strain-rate scnsitivity exponent, anisotropic coefficient. The increasing of surface roughness is decresed the forming limit curve. It is known that the greater plastic deformation the more surface roughness by Kienzle, Osadaka. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of surface roughness in a uniaxial tension and the traperzoidal-shaped box drawing.

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The Thickness of Recrystallization Layer during Aluminum Extrusion Process (알루미늄 압출공정변수에 따른 재결정층 두께 변화)

  • Oh K. H.;Min Y. S.;Park S. W.;Jang G. W.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2005.05a
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    • pp.266-269
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    • 2005
  • The effect of exit temperature on the thickness of recrystallization layer during Al extrusion process was investigated. The recrystallization layer of an extruded Al alloy is an important feature of the product in a wide range of applications, particularly those within the automotive industry. The thicker recrystallized layer in the Al alloys can give rise to a number of problems including reduced fatigue resistance and orange peel during cold forming. But the interaction of extrusion process variables with the thickness of recrystallization layer is poorly understood, and there is limited information available regarding the role of the main hot extrusion variables. Using the 3650 US ton extrusion press, this paper describes the effect of the main process variables such as billet temperature, ram speed, and exit temperature on the thickness of recrystallization layer for the A6XXX Al alloy.

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Studies on the Production of Fermented Feeds from Agricultural Waste Products (Part Ⅲ) -On the Production of Cellulase by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride- (농산폐기물(農産廢棄物)에서 발효사료(醱酵飼料)의 생산(生産)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)[제3보(第三報)] -Aspergillus niger와 Trichoderma viride에 의(依)한 Cellulase의 생산성(生産性)에 관(關)하여-)

  • Lee, Ke-Ho;Koh, Jeong-Sam;Park, Sung-O
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.130-138
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    • 1976
  • In order to utilize the agricultural waste products, two strains of mold producing powerful cellulolytic enzyme were sereened from various soils, composts, rotten wood and others. The optimum condition of cellulase production was studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Two strains of mold which showed remarkably high cellulolytic activity were identified as Aspergillus niger-SM 6 and Trichoderma viride-SM 10. 2. The highest cellulase production was obtained at pH 5.0-6.0 in 5 days. 3. Cellulase production in strain Aspergillus niger-SM 6 increased with the addition of C.M.C., $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, C.S.L., orange peel powder and rice hull. The rice hull, treated with 3N NaOH at $120^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. and neutralized with various acids, was used. Up to 50% of wheat bran could be substituted by the treated rice hull without any decrease of cellulase activity. 4. In the strain of Trichoderma viride-SM 10, cellulase production increased with the addition of C.M.C., $NH_4NO_3$, Vitamin-free casamino acid and orange peel powder, while the other carbon, nitrogen, phosphate sources, natural nutrients and organic substances gave no remarkable effect.

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Antioxidant and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Water Extracts From Abalone Containing Medicinal Plants (전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성)

  • Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Soo-Jung;Choi, Duk-Ju;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to evaluate the possible production of a functional beverage derived from abalone and with several plants (AP). Five types of AP composites were prepared having different medicinal plant compositions (AP- I : abalone, garlic, jujube, Chinese matrimony fruit, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP- II: abalone, garlic, black bean, Chinese matrimony fruit, cornus fruit, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-III : abalone, jujube, arrow root, milk vetch, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-N: abalone, black bean, arrow root, milk vetch, cornus fruit, liquorice root, zinger, honey; AP-V : abalone, garlic, Chinese matrimony fruit, milk vetch, licorice root, zinger, honey). In vitro analysis were performed to examine the antioxidant contents and alcohol dehydrogenase activities of the composites. AP- II had the highest total phenol contents ($28.55{\pm}1.56\;mg/l00\;g$), and AP- V the highest level of flavonoids ($47.61{\pm}1.58\;mg/l00\;g$). At $78.89{\pm}0.16%$, AP- V displayed the strongest electron donating ability followed by AP-II($57.99{\pm}0.21%$) and API ($37.66{\pm}0.20%$). Reducing power was also significantly higher in AP- V. The Hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of all composites were less than 15% and 20%, respectively. At 12.5% alcohol concentration, ADH activity ranged from $114.47{\pm}2.18{\sim}121.39{\pm}4.36%$ and ALDH activity ranged from $100.04{\pm}2.90{\sim}129.54{\pm}4.80%$; AP- I , AP- II, and AP- Vin 12.5% of alcoholic concentration. The composites of AP- I , AP- II, and AP- V, all containing garlic and Chinese matrimony fruit, were significantly stronger than AP-III and AP-N. Finally, also at 12.5% alcoholic concentration, the ALDH activity of AP- V was higher than its ADH activity.

Feasibility Study of Different Biochars as Adsorbent for Cadmium and Lead

  • Kim, In Ja;Kim, Rog-Young;Kim, Ji In;Kim, Hyoung Seop;Noh, Hoe-Jung;Kim, Tae Seung;Yoon, Jeong-Ki;Park, Gyoung-Hun;Ok, Yong Sik;Jung, Hyun-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.332-339
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different biochars on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. The experiment was carried out in aqueous solutions containing $200mg\;CdL^{-1}$ or $200mg\;PbL^{-1}$ using two different biochars derived from soybean stover and orange peel (20 mg Cd or $Pbg^{-1}$ biochar). After shaking for 24 hours, biochars were filtered out, and Cd and Pb in the filtrate were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). In order to provide information regarding metal binding strength on biochars, sequential extraction was performed by modified SM&T (formerly BCR). The results showed that 70~100% of initially added Cd and Pb was adsorbed on biochars and removed from aqueous solution. The removal rate of Pb (95%, 100%) was higher than that of Cd (70%, 91%). In the case of Cd, orange peel derived biochar (91%) showed higher adsorption rate than soybean stover derived biochar (70%). Cd was adsorbed on the biochar mainly in exchangeable and carbonates fraction (1st phase). In contrast, Pb was adsorbed on it mainly in the form of Fe-Mn oxides and residual fraction (2nd and 4th phase). The existence of Cd and Pb as a form of surface-precipitated complex was also observed on the surfaces of biochars detected by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDAX).

Symptomatology of Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV) in Some Citrus Cultivars and Effect of CiMV Infection on Citrus Fruit Quality

  • Hyun, Jae Wook;Hwang, Rok Yeon;Choi, Cheol Woo;Jung, Kyung Eun;Han, Seung Gab
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.106-110
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    • 2020
  • Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV) is a closely related virus with the Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) along with Navel orange infectious mottling virus (NIMV), Natsudaidai dwarf virus (NDV), and Hyugagatsu virus (HV). The present study found that the typical symptoms of CiMV-infected citrus fruits include the appearance of dark blue speckles or ringspots on fruit rinds and the browning of oil glands in the spots as rind coloring began. As rind coloring progressed, the spots gradually faded, whereas the browning of the oil glands worsened to the point that the tissues surrounding the oil glands became necrotic. In very early satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu 'Miyamoto Wase') and 'Setoka' cultivar (C. hybrid 'Setoka') of late-maturity citrus, the symptomatic fruits were eventually dropped. And in early satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu 'Miyakawa Wase'), the peel hardness of the virus-infected fruit (1,618.3 ± 305.5, g-force) was more than twice as hard as that of the healthy fruit (636.5 ± 39.1, g-force). The ratio of flesh weight to total fruit weight was higher for the healthy fruit (77.3 ± 1.7%) than for the infected fruit (70.7 ± 0.6) and peel puffing was more severe in the infected fruit (2.9 ± 0.4 mm) than in the healthy fruit (0.9 ± 0.2 mm). The soluble solids content in infected citrus fruits was less values than the healthy fruit by 0.5-1.5 °Brix. These findings reveal that CiMV infection on citrus trees reduces the fruit quality of citrus.

Physicochemical properties of kombucha with fruit peels during fermentation (과일 껍질을 첨가한 콤부차의 발효 중 이화학적 특성)

  • Tae Yeon Lee;Young Hyoun Yi
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.321-333
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    • 2023
  • The study investigated the pH, acidity, soluble solids, total sugar, polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and color of kombucha with a variety of added fruit peels during the fermentation process. Pear, grape, plum, orange, apple, and golden kiwi peels were added during fermentation. The pH showed a decrease, while an increase in acidity was observed. An increase in soluble solids, which was higher in most experimental groups than the control group, was also observed. A decrease in total sugar was observed over time. However, an increase was observed in reducing sugar. On Day 0, higher total sugar and reducing sugar were detected in the peel addition group compared with the control group. The antioxidant capacity of polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and DPPH radicals scavenging increased with fermentation and was higher in all addition groups, except for pear, compared with the control group. Except for grapes and plums containing high levels of anthocyanins, an increase in the L-value was observed over time, and an increase in the a-value of grapes and plums was also observed (p<0.05). The possible utilization of inedible fruit peel in kombucha was shown. Applying inedible fruit peels to kombucha is proposed to increase antioxidant content and modulate color and pH.

Citrus Wine-making from Mandarin Orange Produced in Cheju Island (제주도산(濟州道産) 감귤발효주(柑橘醱酵酒)의 양조특성(釀造特性))

  • Koh, Jeong-Sam;Koh, Nam-Kwon;Kang, Soon-Sun
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.416-423
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    • 1989
  • In order to produce clear and favorable citrus wine from Citrus unshiu produced in Cheju island, chemical and microbiological processes for alcoholic fermentation were investigated. The ratio of pressed juice passed below 100 mesh sieve and peel of mandarin orange were 55.9% and 25.6% respectively. Orange juice for fermentation source contained 8.85% total sugar, 1.43% total acid and 0.056% volatile acid. Pressed juice was adjusted to 24 degree Brix with cane sugar, and was fermented at $20^{\circ}C$ for one month. Starter screened and selected was Saccharomyces cerevisiae IAM 4274. As principal fermentation proceeded for one week, suspended solids began to precipitate slowly after then. After fermentation, clear citrus wine consisted of about 8 degree Brix residual sugar, $13.3{\sim}14.4%$ ethanol, $0.78{\sim}1.11%$ total acid, $0.05{\sim}0.07%$ methanol and $2.25{\sim}3.29%$ extract, was obtained. Color, flavor and taste of citrus wine found good with panel test. Citrus wine which was treated with fungal enzyme derived from Aspergillus niger CCM-4 was cleared much faster, and could be filtered more rapidly than the untreated. The enzyme-producing strain was isolated from field soil of Cheju island and identified.

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