• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.5035-5042
• /
• 2014

Background: Knowledge and individual perceptions about adverse effects of all forms of tobacco exert direct influence on the level of tobacco consumption in various socio-demographic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the nature, extent and demographic correlates of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of use of tobacco among adults in low and middle income countries. Materials and Methods: The Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in fourteen different countries from 2008-2010, was sourced for the data analyzed in this study. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalent knowledge and individual perceptions amongst adults about all forms of tobacco consumption. Results: There was relatively high awareness about the harmful effects of smoking tobacco with main awareness being about its relationship with lung cancer (>90% in most countries). In contrast, there was relatively low awareness about harmful effects of smokeless tobacco (< 90% in all countries except India and Bangladesh), and observed correlation of smoking tobacco with heart attack (40.6% in China, 65.1% in India) and stroke (28.2% in China, 50.5% in India). Conclusions: A large proportion of adults living in low and middle income countries possess adequate knowledge about smoking tobacco but have inadequate awareness as well as false perceptions about smokeless forms of tobacco. Popular beliefs of inverse relationships of tobacco consumption with knowledge, attitudes and perception of populations towards tobacco are challenged by the findings of this study.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) bundle. Methods: This was a retrospective study that was carried out between June 2010 and October 2015. In this study, 3,224 intubated patients were included. The VAP bundle which was applied to Group 1 patients (n=470) included head-of-bed elevation to 30 degrees, cuff pressure monitorization, prophylaxis of peptic ulcer, and prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. The VAP bundle for Group 2 patients (n=1,914) included all the elements of the VAP bundle for Group 1 patients and one additional element which was oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine. The VAP bundle for Group 3 patients (n=870) added sedative interruption and assessment of readiness to extubate to the VAP bundle for Group 2. Results: The numbers and incidences of VAP were significantly different among the three groups. Moreover, there were significant differences among groups in ICU length of stay and mortality. Conclusion: Three different VAP prevention bundles made different effects in patient outcomes.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.342-348
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out an elementary school located in B-myeon and K-myeon of Gimje. One school (test group) with a school oral health care office and three schools (control group) without school oral health care offices were selected as sample schools. The dental caries prevention effects were compared between third to sixth graders who received benefits of the school continued oral health management program of K health office in Gimje, and first and second graders who did not receive the benefits due to the suspension of the program. The decayed, missing, and filled (DMF) rate, that received the benefits of the program, the test group was 58.9% and the control group was 76.1%, showing significant difference (p<0.05). For the DMF teeth (DMFT) rate, the who received benefits from the program, the test group was 41.1% and the control group was 64.2%, showing significant difference (p<0.01). For the DMFT index, the third to sixth graders that received benefits of the program, the test group was 1.73 and the control group was 3.66 showing significant difference (p<0.001). For the decayed teeth (DT) index, it was 0.72 for the test group and 1.96 for the control group showing significant difference (p<0.001). For the filled teeth index, the test group was 0.63 for the test group and 0.99 for the control group showing significant difference (p<0.05). For the DT rate, the total test group was 57.23% and 64.16% for the control group. For who received benefits from the program, the DT rate was 54.81% for the test group and 60.98% for the control group. The effects of the student continued oral health management program carried out by the oral health office can be confirmed. It is judged that efforts for continuous maintenance and promotion will be necessary to improve the oral health of students.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.192-201
• /
• 2000

The purpose of study was to investigate the oral health care status in institutions and special schools for the disabled in Korea. Nurses in 123 institutions and nurse-teachers in 102 special schools were asked to fill questionnaires regarding periodic oral examination, preventive dental programs. and dental treatment. The results of this study were as follow. 1. 56.8% of institutions implemented regular oral examinations and all of special schools did it twice a year. 2. Preventive programs for dental caries were done in 69.1% of the institutions and 86.3% of the special schools. Programs included regular toothbrushing and dental health education. 3. Dental treatment was done in 84.2% of the institutions and 39.2% of the special schools. Institutions utilized private dental clinics(60.2%), public health centers(16.8%), volunteers(15.3%), and dental hospitals. 4. 17.7% of the institutions experienced the refusal to treat the disabled by private dental clinics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.245-256
• /
• 2015

In this study, to provide the implications of dental health care training direction in the future after researching the effect on the use of dental hygiene devices, data were collected from 320 patients who visited dental clinics located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do for about 6 months between December 2013 and May 2014. Among them, the following results were obtained by analyzing 299 copies accounting for 93.4% of the collected data after excluding 21 copies lacking in answer. It was shown that education about dental hygiene devices had statistically significant effects on the dependent variables, perception of dental hygiene devices (p<0.001). Based upon the results above, it is considered that for the sake of prevention of oral diseases, more opportunities to learn correct knowledge and usage of suitable dental hygiene devices for individual oral conditions should be provided for patients, and active patient education as well as the development, implementation and publicity of systematic and popular oral health education programs will contribute to improved oral health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.553-567
• /
• 2007

Migrant Worker are rapidly increasing in Korea since 1990. They are nowadays main sources of laborer groups engaging in medium-sized factories. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information to establish proper oral health policy. Dental caries and periodontal disese are the most common disease that occur in the mouth. Periodontal disease is the most common disease in humans and the biggest reason for the loss of the teeth in the adult population. The CPITIN has been developed jontly by the international Dental Federation and the World Health Organization. CPITN is now an established index of level, of periodontal condition in populations for which specific intervention might be considered. This study was conducted to obtain the information regarding to CPITN of migrant workers located in Daegu, Questionaire survey was carried out for 289 workers from July 9 to August 8, 2006. Total survey was 289, 224 males and 65 females. The result was as follows: First, The number of nationality was 14. The first majority was China as 31.8% Among 14 nationalities were Cambodia 18.0%, Vietnam 12.8%, Sri Lanka 12.1%, Indonesia 7.3%, Nepal 4.2%, the other 13.8%, those who are aged from 20 to 29 were 43.9%, and salary from 1,000,000 won to 1,490,000 won 51.2%.(as for their residence, those who resided) over 3 years were 42.6% and not insured reached 68.5%. Second, more than 93.4% of the subjects need periodontal treatment, only 4.9% of non-smoker was health periodontal states, four times frequency of tooth brushing per a day was 16.7%. Third, 28.7% of migrant workers had experienced visit of dental clinic, and 22.9% had received treatment of decayed tooth. Fourth, It is difficult for them 65.1% of them to visit dental clinic in korea, the First was a communication problem and the second was time. Fifth, Most of them didn't have a oral health education but 85.1% of them said that they wish they attend oral health education. We conclude that the situation of migrant workers was very bad considering their working conditions, circumstances, and health condition. According to this study, more than 93.4% of the people need periodontal treatment. Besides they didn't have accurate knowledge about prevention of periodontal disease. Therefor our considering these facts, the policy of dental health by government should be established for migrant workers.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.791-799
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed at examining the aspects of utilization of the dental services in some regions and analyzing the related factors with a view to helping the old solve the dental problems and overcome the difficulties. Methods : This investigation was intended for 422 old people living in Jeon-ju city and Jang-su county from July 18, 2006 to August 25 by direct interviewing posing questions. The survey data sets were analyzed by chi-square, correlation, multiple regression and logistic regression. Results : 1. The average number of the existing teeth per an old person was 13.6 and the 28.8% of the old who didn't use denture called for dentures. 2. The annual coefficient of utilization in dental services for an old person was 52.3% and the annual average visits to dental clinics were 3.12 days while 38.6% of the old experienced illegal dental treatments. 3. The affecting factors on the dental utilization for treatment were as follows: family income, dental clinics available, the number of existing teeth, the days of dental trouble, the recognition of the prevention of the dental disease, the knowledge for the dental treatment and the oral health judged by himself. 4. The major variables influencing the utilization of dental services were spouse presence, form of family, income, having a regular dental care, denture presence and the experience of inconvenience in living. Conclusions : To conclude, the following suggestions could be made. First, It was necessary that enforcement practice of free dental prosthesis service and application to the national health insurance in old people's prosthetic therapy for government support because the economic factor was barrier to utilization of the dental services. Second, Dental clinic was required to the health center because availability of common dental services was big impact in utilization of the dental services.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.39-51
• /
• 2008

The research was conducted to 100 child patients selected by random sampling, which got a Dentocult-SM test in the first visit and then was being continuously managed, out of child patients of a pediatric clinic located in Gyeonggi-do. The period of there search is one year from June 2007 to May 2008, Using Dentocult-SM test, we analyzed the correlation between the distribution of dental plaque, a streptococcus mutans in saliva and condition of dental caries cavity in the teeth of child patients, then we measured the distribution of a streptococcusmutans. According to SM score, we applied incremental oral heath care for child patients to clinical and obtained the following results, 1. In terms of the age of child patients in research, the number of 3 years old patients was 29(lst ranked), the number of 2 years old patients was 28(2nd ranked). 2. The result of SM score showed that female child patients(52.0%) was higher than male ones in negative, male child patients(52.0%) was higher than female ones in mild, female child patients(68.2%) was higher than male ones in moderate, male child patients(57.1%) was higher than female ones in severe. 3. At the first visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference between dt and dmft. We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 4. At the second visit, the SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 5. At the third visit, The SM score showed statistically remarkable difference among dt, ft, and dmft index We can also confirm the average of severe is the highest. 6. The comparison of dmft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative and mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in moderate and severe. 7. The comparison of dt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for negative, mild, and moderate, In addition to that, we can con firm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in severe. 8. The comparison of mt index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild and moderate, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences m severe. 9. The comparison of ft index differences to SM score showed statistically no remarkable difference in incremental oral heath care for mild, In addition to that, we can confirm that the incremental oral heath care makes statistically remarkable differences in negative, moderate, and severe. 10. According to the comparison of dmft index to the age, the 4 years old patients showed the highest number(5.50 in the first visit and 6,08 in the second one). In the third visit, the 6 years old patients showed the highest number(7.00). By the above results, we can find that the incremental oral heath care by SM score makes the results of oral care better. Therefore, the improvement or maintenance in oral health of child patients needs continuing personal oral health management and regular systematic management focused on prevention by the specialist.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.162-169
• /
• 2019

Background: Oral diseases are caused by various systemic and local factors, the most closely related being the biofilm. However, the challenges involved in removing an established biofilm necessitate professional care for its removal. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of professional self and professional biofilm care in healthy patients to prevent the development of periodontal diseases. Methods: Thirty-seven patients who visited the dental clinic between September 2018 and February 2019 were included in this study. Self-biofilm care was performed by routine tooth brushing and professional biofilm care was provided using the toothpick method (TPM) or the oral prophylaxis (OP) method using a rubber cup. Subgingival bacterial motility and halitosis (levels of hydrogen sulfide, $H_2S$; methyl mercaptan, $CH_3SH$; and di-methyl sulfide, $(CH_3)_2S$) were measured before, immediately after, and 5 hours after the preventive treatment in the three groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance test was performed to determine significant differences among the groups. Results: TPM was effective immediately after the prevention treatment, whereas OP was more effective after 5 hours (proximal surfaces, F=16.353, p<0.001; smooth surfaces, F=66.575, p<0.001). The three components responsible for halitosis were effectively reduced by professional biofilm care immediately after the preventive treatment; however, self-biofilm care was more effective after 5 hours ($H_2S$, F=3.564, p=0.011; $CH_3SH$, F=6.657, p<0.001; $(CH_3)_2S$, F=21.135, p<0.001). Conclusion: To prevent oral diseases, it is critical to monitor the biofilm. The dental hygienist should check the oral hygiene status and the ability of the patient to administer oral care. Professional biofilm care should be provided by assessing and treating each surface of the tooth. We hope to strengthen our professional in biofilm care through continuous clinical research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.16
• /
• pp.7071-7076
• /
• 2015

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the targeted molecular markers in many cancers including lung malignancies. Gefitinib and erlotinib are two available therapeutics that act as specific inhibitors of tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. We performed a case-control study with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks (FFPE) from tissue biopsies of 167 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients and 167 healthy controls. The tissue biopsies were studied for mutations in exons 18-21 of the EGFR gene. This study was performed using PCR followed by DNA sequencing. We identified 63 mutations in 33 men and 30 women. Mutations were detected in exon 19 (delE746-A750, delE746-T751, delL747-E749, delL747-P753, delL747-T751) in 32 patients, exon 20 (S786I, T790M) in 16, and exon 21 (L858R) in 15. No mutations were observed in exon 18. The 63 patients with EFGR mutations were considered for upfront therapy with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) drugs and have responded well to therapy over the last 15 months. The control patients had no mutations in any of the exons studied. The advent of EGFR TKI therapy has provided a powerful new treatment modality for patients diagnosed with NSCLC. The study emphasizes the frequency of EGFR mutations in NSCLC patients and its role as an important predictive marker for response to oral TKI in the south Indian population.