• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2013

만성적인 염증이 다단계 발암과정에서 다면적인 역할을 하고 있음은 이미 잘 알려진 사실이다. 치주 질환의 원인은 구강 박테리아에서 분비되는 내독소들과 염증 유발인자들의 생성 등이 관여하는 다양한 요인들을 포함하며, 이는 잘못된 구강 위생 관리가 신체의 여러 가지 전신병적 원인과 연관되어 있음을 의미한다. 비위생적인 구강 상태와 연관된 만성 염증, 흡연, 알콜 섭취의 증가 등은 암의 발병 위험 요소로 작용함은 명확한 사실이다. 최근에는 구강 위생과 치아 손실이 위장관암, 폐암 및 췌장암 뿐만 아니라 혈구암 발병 증가와 직접적인 연관성이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 흡연은 악성 질환 발병의 위험 요소로서 구강 위생의 강력한 위해요인임은 명백하며, 역학적 조사결과들에 의하면 구강 박테리아에 의한 치주 질환은 만성 염증을 통하여 흡연과 알콜 연관 발암원을 활성시킴으로서 다양한 암의 발병 위험 요소를 증가시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 암 뿐만 아니라 다른 다양한 질환의 예방을 위한 적절한 구강 관리는 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 암예방을 위한 악성질환의 위해 요소로서 염증과 치주질환 및 구강 위생과의 연관성을 논하였다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

Radiographs can help in the diagnosis and treatment planning, but the exposure to ionizing radiation may elevate the risk of developing cancer in a person's lifetime. The objective of this review is to briefly summarize 1) radiation risk, especially cancer risks associated with diagnostic imaging, 2) linear, non-threshold (LNT) hypothesis, 3) the risks of radiation exposure to a fetus, and 4) the campaign of Image Gently. The individual risk of radiation-related cancer from any single medical imaging procedure is extremely small and it is not likely to be cancer risk at doses lower than 100 mGy, but patients may be harmed by avoiding diagnostic imaging due to fear of radiation hazard. Dentists need to understand the radiation doses delivered by various radiographic techniques and the acceptable exposure thresholds to effectively advise the patient and to reduce the unnecessary radiation

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world affecting the tongue, pharynx, larynx and oral cavity. HNSCC is thought to represent a multistep process whereby carcinogen exposure leads to genetic instability in the tissue and accumulation of specific genetic events, which result in dysregulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell loss and the acquisition of invasive capacity. Despite therapeutic and diagnostic progress in oncology during the past decades, the prognosis of HNSCC remains poor. Thus it seems that finding a biological tumor markers which will increase the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring rates, is of paramount importance in respect to improving prognosis. In an effort to identify gene expression signatures that may serve as biomarkers, this study several genes were selected, such as H3,3A, S100A7, UCHL1, GSTP1, PAI-2, PLK, TGF${\beta}$1 and bFGF, and used 7 HNSCC cell lines that were established various anatomical sites, and also 17 other cancer cell lines were used for control group using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody. In this study, S100A7 showed a clearly restricted occurrence in tongue originated cell line, and GSTP1 expression level in the pharynx originated cell line was very increased, relative to corresponding other cell lines. These results suggest that S100A7 and GSTP1 genes' expression can occur during tongue and pharynx originated head and neck tumorigenesis and that genetic change is an important driving force in the carcinogenesis process. This data indicate that S100A7 and GSTP1 expression pattern in HNSCC reflect both diagnostic clue and biological marker. And this is provides a foundation for the development of site-specific diagnostic strategies and treatments for HNSCC.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.398-404
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• 1993

화학적 발암제인 DMBA를 이용하여 챌스터 협낭에 암을 유발시키면서 마늘을 투입시켜 마늘의 유의성있는 항암 효과를 관찰하였다. 햄스터 헙낭에서 DMBA에 의한 발암현상에 대한 마늘의 효과를 병리조직학적으로 관찰한 결과 대조군에 비하여 마늘즙을 복용시킨 실험군에서 암세포의 침윤 증식상이 다소 감소되었다. 그리고 BrdU(bromodeoxy uridine)의 투여후 DMBA 발암현상에 대한 면역 조직 화학적 관찰에서 마늘을 복용시킨 실험군에 비하여 마늘즙을 복용시키지 않은 실험군에서 발암 개시전 기저 세포층의 증식성이 감소되어져 있으나 침윤 증가하는 발암 세포군에서는 서로 거의 유사한 증식상을 보였다. 이것으로 미루어 보아 마늘이 음식물에 적절하게 사용되고 조리하는 방법의 개발에 따라 일상 식생활에서 많이 사용하여 각종 암발생을 예방하는 일환이 되리라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2001

In recent years, colon cancer has been reported to be one of the most important causes of cancer morbidity and mortality in Korea. Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used to ferment dairy products inhibits colon carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to determine whether the colon cancer inhibitory effect of LAB (Bifidobacterium longum Hy8001; Bif and Lactobacillus acidophilus HY2l04; Lac) of Korean origin, is associated with intestinal microflora composition and certain enzyme activity in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). At five weeks of age, SD rats were divided at random into four (AOM alone, Bif, Lac, and Bif+Lac) groups. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria cultures were performed daily until the termination of the study. Two weeks later all animals were given a subcutaneous injection of AOM dissolved in normal saline at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight once weekly for 2 weeks. Every two weeks for 10 weeks, five of the rats in each group were randomly chosen for fecal specimen collection. The fecal specimens were used for assay of $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase, and analysis of intestinal microflora composition. The activity of $\beta$-glucuronidase which plays an important role in the production of the carcinogenic metabolite of azoxymethane was remarkably increased in the AOM alone group after AOM injection and maintained the high level during the experiment. However, LAB inhibited the AOM-induced increase in $\beta$-glucuronidase activity. Nitroreductase activity decreased by 30-40% in LAB treated groups in comparison with that of the AOM alone group. The results of the present study suggest that LAB inhibits colon carcinogenesis by modulating the metabolic activity of intestinal micro-flora and improving the composition of intestinal microflora.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1999

Objectives: The development of thyroid tumor has a relationship with carcinogen, oncogene and tumor suppressor gene. With aminotriazole, radioactive iodine and nitrosomethylurea as carcinogens in rat, authors investigate the incidence in type of the thyroid tumors, p21 and p53 protein expression pattern by immunohistochemical stain and the relationship between the tumors and p21-p53 protein expressions. Materials and Methods: 80 experimental animals were divided into four groups; group 1(control, no carcinogen, n=20), group 2(oral administration of aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20), group 3(intraperitoneal injection of 131I for one time and oral administration of aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20), group 4(oral administration of nitrosomethylurea for 3 days and aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20). After 40 weeks they were sacrificed with pathologic examination and we performed immunohistochemical staining with pan-ras monoclonal antibody for p21 protein and CMI polyclonal antibody for p53 protein with paraffin-embedded specimens. Results: 1) No tumors were observed in group I, but 38.3% of nodular goiters, 11.7% of adenomas and 50.0% of carcinomas were observed in carcinogen treated groups(group 2, 3, 4). 2) The incidence of nodular goiter, adenoma and carcinoma were 70%, 20% and 10% in group 2, 40%, 15% and 45% in group 3 and 5%, 0% and 95% in group 4. 3) p21 protein was not expressed in normal thyroid tissues but was expressed in 26.1% of nodular goiters, 42.9% of adenomas and 6.7% of carcinomas. On the other hands, p53 protein was not expressed in normal thyroid tissues, nodular goiters, adenomas and in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas by immunohistochemical stain. Conclusion: The authors suggest that aminotrizole, 131I, nitrosomethylurea can be etiologic agents in the development of thyroid tumor and the p21 protein can be expressed in the early stage and in benign condition of thyroid tumor but p53 protein is not expressed in all conditions of development in rats.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

특정 발암원의 조직특이성 암유발기전을 연구하기 위하여 DMBA의 구강투여 또는 NMU의 동맥주입에 의하여 유암이 유도되는 실험모델을 대상으로 선택하였다. 본 실험에서는 화학적 발암원의 유암유발기전에 미치는 숙주인 흰쥐의 연령효과를 아울러 비교분석하였으며, 특히 발암원의 조직내 활성화, 불활화 및 해독 그리고 DNA 손상과 수성등의 변화를 구명하였다. 유암의 발생율은 1년생 흰쥐보다 생후 50일 흰쥐에서 현저하게 높았다. 특정조직의 선택적 발암기전을 설명하는 기전의 일환으로 조직 DNA의 특정 발암원에 의한 공유결합성 지표(covalent binding index, CBI)를 발암원의 활성화 기전 지표로는 cytochrome P450의 함량을 반면 불확화의 지표로는 glutathione S-transferase와 peroxide의 활성을 비교하였다. 조직의 CBI는 생후 50일군의 유선조직이 DMBA나 NMU에 대하여 간조직보다 유의하게 높았으며 시험관내 CBI 실험에서는 생후 50일군 유선조직의 microsome 분획의 발암원 활성화능이 보다 높음을 관찰하였다. 또한 T.C.D.D. 의존성 cytochrome P450 함량도 생후 50일군에서 가장 높았다. 그러나 불활화 효소들은 연령 변화에 따라 유의한 변화를 보여주지 않았다. 상기의 결과들은 DMBA나 NMU와 같은 발암물질이 특정조직, 특히 유선조직에 생후 50일군에서 유암을 선택적으로 유발하는 기전은 표적 조직의 높은 발암원 활성화능, 낮은 불활화등 그리고 효율이 낮은 DNA 수선능이 연계적으로 작동함으로써 이루어지고 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2008

DNA 손상 치유 유전자 연구를 기초로 한 임상적 접근이 새로운 치료방법으로 떠오르고 있다. 많은 연구들이 중요한 DNA 수복유전자의 다형성을 찾아내어 각각의 단백질의 활동성에 대한 영향을 알아내고 특정한 치료법을 찾아내고 임상적 적용을 시도하고 결과를 평가하였다. 그 결과 암 치료에서 정상 세포와 암세포에서 DNA 수복 유전자의 발현 분석은 화학요법이나 방사선 치료에서 개인맞춤형 치료법을 가능하게 하고 있다. 예를 들어, NER이 결핍된 종양은 cisplatin 치료에 민감성을 나타내고, MMR 결핍세포는 알킬화 화학요법 약제에 높은 내성을 나타낸다. 선천성 비폴립성 결장암과 같은 MMR 결손종양 또한 알킬화 화학요법 약제에 의한 치료에 내성을 가진다. 신경교종(glioma)에서 MGMT 유전자 프로모터가 흔히 메틸화되는데 이것은 유전자 발현이 억제되고 알킬화 화학요법제에 대한 반응성을 증가시킨다. 향후 구강악안면외과 영역에서도 구강암의 발생의 위험성을 증가시킬 수 있는 더 많은 DNA 수복 유전자의 다형성을 발굴하고 임상적으로 개인맞춤형 치료법을 개발하고 적용할 수 있는 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2009

Background : The most frequently reported risk factors for head and neck suamous cell carcinoma are smoking and alcohol. But in a recent overview, human papilloma virus(HPV) infection was revealed the important carcinogenic factor in oropharyngeal cancer. We aimed to clarify whether HPV directly effects on the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of hean and neck squamous cell carcinoma by comparison with infection prevalence, and physical status of virus. Material and Method : We used HPV genotyping DNA chip(Biocore, Korea, Seoul) arrayed by multiple oligonucleotide probes of L1 sequence of 26 types of HPV and HPV genotypes are identified by fluorescence scanner. The copy numbers of HPV E2 and E6 open reading frames(ORF) were assessed using a TaqMan-based 5'-exonuclease quantitative real-time PCR assay. The ratio of E2 to E6 copy numbers was calculated to determine the physical status of HPV-16 viral gene. Results : We observed a significant difference in HPV prevalence between tonsillar cancer group and control group(73.1% vs. 11.6%), and most of the HPVs were type 16(87.2%) and integrated(94.1%) state. In terms of oral tongue cancer, we demonstrate that 30.5% has integrated HPV-16 in cancer tissue. But Glottic cancer only 1% is related to HPV-16 integration. Conclusion : This study revealed significant relationship of HPV prevalence with oropharyngeal and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Most of HPV were 16 type and integrated or mixed, HPV-16 integration could be directly related to the carcinogenesis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2000

Ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, Araliaceae) has been used for traditional medicine in China, Korea, Japan and other Asian countries. It is most often used as a general tonic, and it involves a wide range of pharmacological actions, such as antiaging, adaptogen-like effect to foreign deleterious infringement, immunoenhancement, antistress, antitumor, and antioxidant actions. Red ginseng showed anticarcinogenic activity against various chemical carcinogens in mouse and cancer-preventive effect of human being as on mice in experimental and epidemiological studies. In the present study, we have found the protective properties of red ginseng against vinyl carbamate (VC) which is the proximate carcinogen of ethyl carbamate and its ultimate carcinogenic epoxides. Red ginseng exhibited dose-dependent inhibition on the mutagenci activities of boty VC in the presence of S9 mix and vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Formation of DNA adducts from VCO was also attenuated in the presence of red ginseng. Oral administration of red ginseng prior to the topical application of each of the above carcinogens and TPA treatment resulted in significant reduction in both incidence and multiplicity of skin tumors in mice. These results indicate that red ginseng possesses a strong chemopreventive effect against mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by VC or VCO.