• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.88-92
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• 2021

Acute osteomyelitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is rare in the oral and maxillofacial region. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacillus and the normal flora of the human body, but it can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infection, meningitis, and osteomyelitis in patient with compromised immune systems. These infections are mainly caused by nosocomial infection. Microbacterial osteomyelitis was developed by clinical cause such as tooth extraction, fracture, and surgical history, which requires long-term antibiotic administration and surgical treatment. This report describes that a 56-year-old male patient with acute osteomyelitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after implant placement was treated with intravenous administration of ertapenem without open surgery treatment. Through this case, we report that antibiotic susceptibility test is essential for the treatment of acute osteomyelitis caused by a bacterial infection resistant to empirical antibiotics, and early administration of appropriate antibiotics can reduce the possibility of extensive bone destruction or additional open surgery.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.4 no.2 s.7
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• pp.84-89
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• 2004

Background: Many studies on efficacy of preemptive analgesia have been processed in different ways. But the value of preemptive analgesia is still controversial. The goal of this study was to compare analgesic effect of an NSAID according to three different administration times for oral surgical pain. Patients and Methods: Using a randomized, parallel-group, single-center, and active-controlled test design, this study was conducted to healthy 80 patients undergoing a surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar requiring bone removal. The oral NSAID was first administered 1 hour preoperatively, or 1 hour postoperatively, or no scheduled administration in pre or postsurgery. Whenever patients felt at least moderate pain (score ${\ge}$ 5 on a 10-point scale) after surgery, they were instructed to take the same drug. Pain intensities and times to the first and second onset of postoperative pain from end of surgery were assessed for 24 hours. Results: Of the enrolled eighty subjects in this study, 25 patients were assigned to preemptive, 26 to post-treatment and 29 to no treatment group. The demographic distribution and duration of surgery in the three groups were statistically similar. The mean time to first onset of postoperative pain was significantly prolonged in post-treatment group (277.2 minutes, p < 0.05) compared to preemptive (158.4 minutes) and no treatment group (196.5 minutes). The mean time to second onset of postoperative pain was not significantly different among the three groups. No significant statistical difference was found among the mean pain intensities at the first and second onset of postoperative pain in the three groups. Conclusions: In this small selected group of subjects and limited study design, the analgesic effects of NSAID administered preoperatively were no longer effective for postoperative pain. The results in this population imply that scheduled postoperative analgesics before pain development are adequate for postoperative analgesia without preoperative administration.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.227-241
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative and immune regulatory effect of oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction in aged rats. 2. Methods The rats in the normal group were 14 weeks old, and those in the control and Chungsimyeonja-tang groups were 40 weeks old. The rats in Chungsimyeonja-tang group were orally treated with chungsimyeonjatang decoction daily for 2 months. To observe the anti-oxidative effect and immune regulatory effect of Chungsimyeonja-tang, we performed blood chemistry analysis, histological analysis. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The number of WBC in blood was significantly increased and the number of PLT in blood was significantly decreased by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 2) The levels of albumin, LDL cholesterol, ALP and GOT in serum were significantly decreased, and the level of glucose in serum was significantly increased by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 3) The concentrations of glutathione and catalase were significantly increased and the concentrations of NO and MDA were significantly decreased in the liver of early aged rats by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 4) The concentrations of SOD and catalase were significantly increased and the concentration of MDA was significantly decreased in the lung of aged rats by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction. 5) The levels of IL-4 and IL-6 were significantly decreased while the levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ were significantly increased in the spleen of early aged rats by oral administration of Chungsimyeonja-tang decoction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-21
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• 1998

This study was to investigate the effects of Gibangganbang on the liver injury induced dimethylnitrosamine, CCl4, ethanol and partial hepatectomy. Hydroxyproline, hepatic fibrosis, hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, fatty value, lipidoperoxide levels, glutathione levels, mitotic index, contents of protein in the serum and liver tissues were measured and observed. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume induced by dimethylnitrosamine in mice was decreased by the oral administration of Gibangganbang. 2. The degree of hitological fibrosis and hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration induced by $CCl_4$ was decreased by the oral administration of Gibangganbang. 3. The degree of fatty value and the increasing level of lipidoperoxide in liver tissues was decreased by the oral administration of Gibangganbang. 4. The level of glutathione in liver tissues was increasing by the oral administration of Gibangganbang. 5. The increasing level of microsomal lipidoperoxide in vitro assay was decreasing by the oral administration of Gibangganbang. 6. The increasing level of the mitotic index, weight of liver, contents of protein, RNA and DNA synthesis of the liver tissues after partial hepatectomy was activated by the oral administration of Gibangganbang. These results suggest that Gibangganbang not only inhibits liver cirrhotic change and ethanol-induced fatty change but also activates antioxidant enzymes and regeneration ability ocf liver.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2015

Purpose: Pilocarpine has the effects on improvement of salivary flow and subjective symptoms for xerostomic patients. Because of unwanted side effects following its systemic administration, topical pilocarpine has been paid attention as an alternative. This study aimed to investigate effects of pilocarpine solution as mouthwash on salivary flow and adverse effects compared to systemic administration of 5 mg pilocarpine tablet in healthy subjects. Methods: The study was a double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Five milligrams pilocarpine tablets, 4 mL of 2% pilocarpine solution and placebo solution were given to 12 healthy volunteers (6 males and 6 females) in a predetermined order with wash-out period of at least two days and unstimulated whole saliva was collected before and after administration of each drug. Blood pressure and pulse rate was also measured and subjective effect and potential side effects were evaluated by a self-administrated questionnaire. Results: Systemic (5 mg tablet) and topical (2% solution) use of pilocarpine significantly increased salivary flow rate in healthy subjects compared to placebo (p<0.001). In both the pilocarpine solution and tablet groups, salivary flow rates at 120 minutes after administration remained increased. Subjective effect on salivation was the largest in the pilocarpine tablet group, followed by the pilocarpine solution group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in blood pressure and pulse rate after administration of all three drugs. Fewer side effects reported in the pilocarpine solution group than in the tablet group. Conclusions: Two percents pilocarpine solution as mouthwash increases salivary flow rate, definitely superior to placebo solution and comparable to pilocarpine tablet, with fewer side effects in healthy subjects. It indicates a possibility of pilocarpine solution as a useful alternative of pilocarpine tablets for the xerostomic patients with systemic diseases.

• Journal of Oriental Physiology
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• v.14 no.2 s.20
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

In order to get the effect of Bangpoongtongsungsan (BPS) water extract on the blood pressure of every 5 group of rats (in normal state of after 3 hours of unanesthetized) was measured and following results were obtained. 1. BPS intraperitoneal injection was not recognized as having the effect of decreasing blood pressure compared with Control on hypertension induced by L-NAME in young rats. 2. BPS oral administration was recognized as having the effect of decreasing blood pressure compared with Control on hypertension induced by L-NAME in young rats. 3. BPS oral administration was recognized as having the effect of decreasing blood pressure compared with Control on hypertension induced by L-NAME's continual injection and BPS continual oral administration in young rats. 4. BPS oral administration was recognized as having the effect of decreasing blood pressure compared with Control on hypertension induced by L-NAME's in adult rats. 5. BPS oral administration was not recognized as having the effect of decreasing blood pressure compared with Control on spontaneous hypertension rats. According to the above results. it is known that BPS extract oral administration decreased the blood pressure of hypertension induced by and more effective to the youth.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.768-772
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• 2003

Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) is a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant commonly used as an ingredient in dosing vehicles for pre-clinical in vivo studies (e.g., pharmacokinetic studies, etc.). Tween 80 increased apical to basolateral permeability of digoxin in Caco-2 cells suggesting that Tween 80 is an in vitro inhibitor of P-gp. The overall objective of the present study was to investigate whether an inhibition of P-gp by Tween 80 can potentially influence in vivo absorption of P-gp substrates by evaluating the effect of Tween 80 on the disposition of digoxin (a model P-gp substrate with minimum metabolism) after oral administration in rats. Rats were dosed orally with digoxin (0.2 mg/kg) formulated in ethanol (40％, v/v) and saline mixture with and without Tween 80 (1 or 10％, v/v). Digoxin oral AUC increased 30 and 61％ when dosed in 1 ％ and 10％ Tween 80, respectively, compared to control (P＜0.05). To further examine whether the increase in digoxin AUC after oral administration of Tween 80 is due, in part, to a systemic inhibition of digoxin excretion in addition to an inhibition of P-gp in the GI tract, a separate group of rats received digoxin intravenously (0.2 mg/kg) and Tween 80 (10％ v/v) orally. No significant changes in digoxin IV AUC was noted when Tween 80 was administered orally. In conclusion, Tween 80 significantly increased digoxin AUC and Cmax after oral administration, and the increased AUC is likely to be due to an inhibition of P-gp in the gut (i.e., improved absorption). Therefore, Tween 80 is likely to improve systemic exposure of P-gp substrates after oral administration. Comparing AUC after oral administration with and without Tween 80 may be a viable strategy in evaluating whether oral absorption of P-gp substrates is potentially limited by P-gp in the gut.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2010

Objective : The study area in July 2009 Jeonbuk Obstetrics 172 people visited the patient's oral health care for expectant mothers who need to learn studied. Dental office understands the importance in the oral health of pregnant women, maintain oral health education to promote oral health and dental hygienist, used as basic data to suggest the direction of the business is. Methods: For data analysis SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science Version 12.0) program by using the analysis obtained the following conclusions; Results : 1. 3-29 from 25-year-old pregnant woman with morning sickness is usually the most reported high was 62.3%, severe 22.6%, 13.2% have had appeared in order, the difference was statistically significant. 2. The number of children and experience during pregnancy due to oral symptoms were all statistically significant differences. 3. The oral administration to pregnant women about the experience of education 13.4% had never received an answer was education, maternal age and under the number of children oral administration of the educational experience in ways that showed a statistically significant difference. 4. Last three months of pregnancy is three months pregnant 19.8% were used for dental medical. And, by visiting the regular removal of plaque by 44.1 percent showed the highest was found next to regular dental check-38.2. 5. The oral health of expectant mothers during pregnancy and conduct a 1-day average number of TBI was highest for the 3 CRC was estimated as 54.7%. And oral hygiene products that include oral solution, 21.5% in ferns were the most highly. Conclusions: In this study, promote and maintain oral health of pregnant women for the systematic development of educational programs, and maternal oral health status of individuals and the cognitive, oral administration to carry the program continued efforts were needed recommendations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.45-62
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• 2003

Objective: This study was designed to investigate effects of Nokyongsageunhwan and Nokyongsageunhwan aquapuncuture on body weight, body length, intellectual development Methods: We observed body weight, body length, intellectual development after feeding Nokyongsageunhwan and Nokyongsageunhwan aquapuncuture for thirty three days, and mRNA expressions of GHRF, Somatostatin, IGF-1, NPY were analyzed by RT-PCR method. Results: The results were summarized as follows. 1. Body length was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to normal group and normal saline injection group on 4th week, 2. Lower part of hind leg length was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to normal group on 3rd week, and it was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group and Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group on 4th week. 3. As results of observing memory aquisition using Morris water maze system, there was significantly difference in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group on 4th week. 4. As results of observing retention using Morris water maze system, staying time was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to that of normal group. 5. The somatostatin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group. 6. The IGF-1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus is significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group and Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group. 7. The NPY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group, and it was increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to that of normal group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: According to the above results, it appears that Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration and Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture on acupoint GB34 and GB39 showed effects on the growth and the intellectual development of rats.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.427-436
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• 1993

The pharmacokinetics and relationship between in vitro dissolution and in vivo fraction absorbed were investigated after intravenous(iv) injection of omeprazole(OMZ), oral administration of OMZ capsules and rectal administration of 8 types of suppositories. The plasma concentration of OMZ (C$_{p}$)-time (t) curve after iv. administration fitted a two-compartment open model and the equation which best fitted the pharmacokinetics of OMZ was $C_{p}$ = 13.936 $e^{-8.78t}$+2.973 $e^{-0.716t}$. The bioavailabilities of OMZ in Witepsol H15 base (Supp-2) and PEG 4000 base (Supp-6) suppositories were 40.7% and 33.4%, respectively, which are higher(p<0.001) than 13% of oral administration of capsule. The avoidance fractions of the first-pass metabolism for Supp-2 and Supp-6 suppositiories were 31.8% and 23.4%, respectively, suggesting that the rectal application of OMZ may be a more adequate route of administration than oral one.