• Title/Summary/Keyword: optimum contents

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Optimum Ratios of Added Water for Rice Cooking at Different Amount of Rice Contents (쌀밥의 취반시 취반용량별 최적가수율 규명에 관한 연구)

  • Min, Bong-Kee;Hong, Sung-Hie;Shin, Myung-Gon
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.623-624
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    • 1992
  • The optimum ratios of added water for rice cooking at different amount of rice contents were studied with electric rice cooker. The optimum ratios of added water were $1.5{\sim}1.6$, 1.5 and 1.4 at 300g, 600g and 900g of rice contents. The optimum ratios of added water decreased as the rice contents were increased.

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A Study on the Fermentation Characteristics of Garbages by the C/N Ratio Control using Kudzu Creeper and Sawdust (칡넝쿨 및 톱밥을 이용한 C/N비 조절에 따른 음식물찌꺼기의 발효특성에 관한 연구)

  • 박진식;안철우;문추연
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2000
  • In this study, to determine the optimum fermentation process for the feed production of food wastes and estimate the practical value of fermented feed using kudzu creeper and sawdust as bulking agent. This study considered initial C/N ratio control as the fermentation process variables. The result are summarized as follows. Minimum water contents of byproducts in the fermentation feed production showed 39%(kudzu), 37%(sawdust) at the C/N ratio 25 and 45%(kudzu, sawdust) at the C/N ratio 35. Temperature variations in the fermentation feed production at the C/N ratio 25 indicated $68^{\circ}C$(kudzu), $70^{\circ}C$(sawdust). Optimum condition of fermentation process of water content, C/N ratio and permeability (porous structure of the mixture). For optimum fermentation gravitationally dewatered garbage, the proper mixing ratios of kudzu(moisture contents : 17.3%) and sawdust(moisture contents : 13.2%) were 41% and 39%, respectively. Major biological reaction in the aerobic fermentation feed production occurred during 12~24hrs.

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Investigation of Nutrient Contents in Jujube and Its Orchard Soils under Pesticide-Free Cultivation in Boeun Region

  • Lee, Gyeong-Ja;Kang, Bo-Goo;Kim, Ki-Sik;Kim, Ik-Hwan;Han, Jong-U;Kim, Hyun-Zoo
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.452-457
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    • 2013
  • To obtain the useful data related to optimum nutrient management technique for pesticides-free jujube cultivation, nutrient contents of jujube leaves and fruits and the selected chemical properties of jujube orchard soils were investigated at 9 different orchards with pesticides-free cultivation in Boeun, Chungbuk, Korea. Soil and jujube leaf samples were collected from the different orchards in July and October, and jujube fruit samples were taken in October, 2012. Soil available $P_2O_5$ contents in the optimum level for jujube cultivation were 11% and 33% of total samples in July and October, respectively, but 56% of total samples was higher than the optimum level in both July and October. Exchangeable K and Ca ion contents were 44% and 67% of total samples, respectively, in both July and October, whereas exchangeable Mg ion content was 100% and 56% of total samples in July and October, respectively. Nutrient contents in jujube leaves were higher than those in fresh fruits. In addition, total nitrate, potassium and magnesium contents in the jujube leaves were higher in the samples collected in July than in October.

Monitoring on the Tea with Steaming and Drying Process of Germinated Buckwheat (메밀순의 증숙 및 건조에 따른 침출차 특성 모니터링)

  • 이기동;윤성란;김정옥;허상선;서권일
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.212-217
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    • 2004
  • To make the germinated buckwheat tea, soluble solid contents, total flavonoid contents and organoleptic properties were investigated under various steaming time and drying temperature. The optimum condition of soluble solid contents were 6.93 min of steaming time and 73.59$^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. Total flavonoid contents were maximum under the condition of 5.22 min of steaming time and 79.05$^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. The optimum condition of overall palatability was 6.00 min of steaming time and 77.33$^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. The optimum ranges of soluble solid contents, total flavonoid contents and overall palatability of the tea were 5.4∼7.0 min of steaming time and 75∼8$0^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. The values expected in the optimum ranges were also similar to the experimental values.

Study on Optimum Conditions for the Composting of Industrial Wastewater Sludge (공단 폐수 슬러지의 퇴비화 최적조건)

  • Lee, Hong-Jae;Cho, Ju-Sik;Heo, Jong-Su
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.96-103
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    • 1998
  • To study the optimum conditions of composting with industrial wastewater sludge, the variations of temperature and $CO_2$ generation amount during the composting periods were investigated. The conditions were that industrial wastewater added to bulking agents such as sawdust and rice hull was used, and differently treated with microorganism seeding or not, initial C/N ratios, air flow rate and initial moisture contents, respectively. The results were summarized as follows : Seeding 5% of microorganism was higher the temperature than not seeding. And using sawdust as bulking agents, and adjusting 30~40 of Initial C/N ratio, 200ml/l.min. of k flow rate and 67~68% moisture contents were higher the temperature than any other conditions. Seeding 5% of microorganisms was higher $CO_2$ generation amount than not seeding. And that was much in the order of 7~40, 30~34 and 22~23 of initial C/N ratio. Judging from the results, it should be considered that the optimum conditions in the composting of industrial wastewater sludge were seeding of 5% microorganisms, and adjusting 30~34 of Initial C/N ratio, 200ml/l min. of air flow rate and 67~68% of Intitial moisture contents. The contents of inorganic matters and C/N ratio during the composting periods at optimum condition were a little Increased. and heavy metals contents after composting were lower than standard for fortllizer.

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Analysis of Contributions to Broadband Universal Service of Platform Operator (플랫폼 사업자의 보편적 서비스 기여금 분담 효과 분석)

  • Jung, Choong-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2022
  • This paper analyzes the economic effects when platform provider including CP contributes to broadband universal service and uses broadband bandwidth providing high quality network service. In this model, the contribution rate of broadband universal service is determined by ISP and platform provider sets its price of contents. The main results are as follows. First, the traffic usages is less than social optimum when the market of contents is monopoly. The sum of contribution fee and network usage rate must be less than marginal cost of network operation to get social optimum traffic. Second, the rate set by ISP is equal to social optimum when the market of contents is competitive. Third, when platform provider does not charge contents provided, ISP sets social optimum prices and the network usage rate for contents user is decreasing as advertisement revenue becomes larger. These results suggest that the platform provider should contribute to universal service funding to encourage the network investment of ISP.

A Study on the Fermentation Characteristics of Garbages by the C/N Ratio Control using Kudzu Creeper and Sawdust (칡넝쿨 및 톱밥을 이용한 C/N비 조절에 따른 음식물찌꺼기의 발효특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Jin Sik;An, Cheol U;Mun, Chu Yeon
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.23-23
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    • 2000
  • In this study, to determine the optimum fermentation process for the feed production of food wastes and estimate the practical value of fermented feed using kudzu creeper and sawdust as bulking agent. This study considered initial C/N ratio control as the fermentation process variables. The results are summarized as follows. Minimum water contents of byproducts in the fermentation feed production showed 3994(kudzu), 37%( sawdust) at the C/N ratio 25 and 45%(kudzu, sawdust) at the C/N ratio 35. Temperature variations in the fermentation feed production at the C/n ratio 25 indicated 68'C(kudzu), 70'C (sawdust).Optimum condition of consists of fermentation process of water content, C/N ratio and permeability (porous structure of the mixture). For optimum fermentation of gravitationally, dewatered garbage, the proper mixing ratios of kudzu(moisture contents : 17.3%) and sawdust(moisture contents : 13.2%) were 41% and 39%, respectively Major biological reaction in the aerobic fermentation feed production occurred during 12~14hrs

Determination of Optimum Rice Harvest Time by Change of the Glutelin Contents During the Maturity Period (벼 등숙기간 중 글루테린 함량 변화에 따른 쌀의 수확적기 판정)

  • Shin, Pyung-Gyun;Chang, An-Cheol;Hong, Seong-Chang;Lee, Ki-Sang;Lee, Keum-Hee;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.460-463
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    • 2008
  • The change of glutelin contents in rice grain during the maturity period was investigated to determine optimum rice harvesting time. The glutelin content was increased with increasing time after heading. In this study, eight of glutelin subunits were found. Among the glutelin subunits, 7208-subunit (MW, 35 kD) contents was significantly increased at 65 days after heading compared with 55 and 60 days after heading. 7405-subunit (MW, 50 kD) contents was steadily increased with time after heading. The results showed that at 55th day after heading would be optimum time for harvest to get the low glutelin content of rice grain.

Milled Rice Recovery Rate of Paddy with Various Moisture Contents (벼의 함수율에 따른 도정수율의 변화)

  • 하유신;박경규;김혁주;홍동혁;나규동
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2002
  • In order to investigate the optimum moisture content of paddy for milling process, a series of tests were conducted by examining the recovery rate and whiteness of milled rice in relation with the various moisture content. Hwabong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo varieties which were major paddies cultivated in Korea were used for the experiment. The test was performed with small experimental milling machines. In order to minimize the unexpected factors, environment conditions were kept in constant during the experiment. As a result, the recovery rate of milled rice were varied as the changes in milling time and degree of whiteness. However, the recovery rate of milled rice increases as its moisture content increases untill a certain point of moisture content and decreases slowly afterward. This certain point can be called optimum moisture content for rice milling. Also, it has a different value depending on the variety. In this experiment, optimum moisture content of Hwabong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo were considered around 14.8% and 15.3%, respectively. It is not sure that these optimum moisture contents for the two varieties would assume the same values irrespective of harvest year and place. However, it could be concluded that the optimum moisture content for rice milling is around 15%(w.b.) for Hwabong-byeo and 15.5%(w.b.) for Dongjin-byeo, respectively.

Optimum Ratio between Nafion and 20, 40 wt% Pt/C Catalysts for MEAs (20, 40 wt% Pt/C 촉매를 사용한 MEA제조에서 나피온의 최적비)

  • Jung, Ju-Hae;Jung, Dong-Won;Kim, Jun-Bom
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.50-55
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    • 2011
  • To enhance the performance of a MEA (membrane electrode assembly) in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), optimum contents of Nafion ionomer as electrolyte in the 20 and 40 wt% Pt/C used in electrodes were examined. Variety characterization techniques were applied to examine optimum Nafion contents: cell performance test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). According to Pt wt% supported on carbon support, it has been observed that polarization, ohmic, and mass transfer resistances were changed so that the cell performance was significantly dependent on the content of Nafion ionomer. Optimum Nafion ionomer contents in the 20 wt% Pt/C and 40 wt% Pt/C were showed 35 wt% and 20 wt%, respectively. This is due to different surface area of the Pt/C catalyst, and formation of triple phase boundary seems to be affected by the Nafion contents.