• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

This paper proposes small VCM(voice coil motor) type, auto-focusing and zoom actuators for mobile information devices. In order to meet the large output displacement within small height restriction, the proposed auto-focusing actuator adopts curved suspensions, which are similar to a leaf-spring type suspension of optical disk drives. The sensitivity of design parameters on output displacement and dynamic performance is implemented using ANSYS (3D FEM tool) to determine the optimal geometry and stiffness of the curved suspensions. This paper also investigates a new zoom actuator without a suspension supporting a bobbin. The zoom actuator uses a moving rail and a stoper mechanism by generating rotational force at lens holder. Magnetic flux density of the zoom actuator are calculated by both the FEM and permeance method. Experiments using prototypes of the proposed focusing and zoom models show that both actuators meet the required displacement and performance.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Recently, the concept of structural design against instability has been proposed in the chassis parts. The design considerations of lower control arm of chassis parts under the buckling and durability strengths are the general. More precisely, this paper considers a specific application and associated optimization problem for two strengths, where the design variables are the physical or geometric dimensions for skins and stiffeners. The objective is the minimization of the total weight, while optimization constrains involve reserve or improve factors for the buckling and durability strengths. The most important features are related to the numerical simulations for the estimation of buckling factor and their sensitivities by means of nonlinear and linear finite element analyses. The bucking and durability strength analyses, and the morping geometries are directly included in the optimization problem and the modified design is formulated. As a result, the optimal structure with stable behavior is obtained or increases the buckling and durability strengths of parts. Most of design problems for structures exposed to elastic instability can be formulated and solved.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2019

Three cases of supertall connected structures are presented and each of them represents a quite style. The first case is a strong-connected structure. The coupling function of towers and connector contributes a lot to the structural stiffness and stability. Its special construction scheme had great impact on the construction quality and the structural safety, and must be accurately considered. For the second case which is a weak-connected structure, the influences of different connecting modes to the structural dynamic characteristic were explained. Then the combined bearings were proposed to achieve the design presume. In the third case which represents the multi-supported structures, the structural distinctive mechanical properties were discussed. For the structural state during construction process is quite different from that in final service condition, two construction procedures were simulated to get an optimal one. Although there are great challenges to designers, the advantages of the supertall connected buildings are obvious. Further work is needed in this area to adapt to the development of future cities.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2019

Recently, lightweight materials such as Ti alloys have been used increasingly in the aerospace and high-tech industries for weight loss and fuel efficiency. Because of built-up edges and workpiece deflection due to low stiffness, the Ti alloys have poor machinability. In our study, systematic experiments were conducted to investigate the milling characteristics of the Ti alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) with endmills. The independent variables in the experiment were spindle speed, feed per tooth, and axial depth. Cutting force, acceleration RMS, and surface roughness were measured. Using the response surface method, the optimal cutting conditions were analyzed to improve machining quality and productivity.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2017

In vertical seismic isolation (VSI), a building is partitioned intentionally by vertical layers into two dynamically different substructures for seismic response reduction. Initially, a 1-story frame was partitioned into two substructures, interconnected by viscous and visco-elastic links, and seismic responses of the original and the vertically isolated structures (VIS) were obtained, considering a large number of stiffness and mass ratios of substructures with respect to the original structure. Color contour graphs were defined for presentation and investigation of large amounts of output results. Dynamic characteristics of the isolated structures were studied by considering the non-classical damping of the system, and then the effects of viscous and visco-elastic link parameters on the modal damping ratios were discussed. On this basis, three states of mass isolation, interactional state, and control mass were differentiated. Response history analyses were performed by Runge-Kutta numerical method. In these analyses, interaction of isolation ratios and link parameters, on response control of VIS was studied and the appropriate ranges for link parameters as well as the optimal ranges for isolation ratios were suggested. Results show that by using the VSI technique, seismic response reduction up to 50% in flexible substructure and even more in stiff substructure is achievable.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2017

The optimum design of structures with frequency constraints is of great importance in the aeronautical industry. In order to avoid severe vibration, it is necessary to shift the fundamental frequency of the structure away from the frequency range of the dynamic loading. This paper develops a novel topology optimisation method for optimising the fundamental frequencies of structures. The finite element dynamic eigenvalue problem is solved to derive the sensitivity function used for the optimisation criteria. An alternative material interpolation scheme is developed and applied to the optimisation problem. A novel level-set criteria and updating routine for the weighting factors is presented to determine the optimal topology. The optimisation algorithm is applied to a simple two-dimensional plane stress plate to verify the method. Optimisation for maximising a chosen frequency and maximising the gap between two frequencies are presented. This has the application of stiffness maximisation and flutter suppression. The results of the optimisation algorithm are compared with the state of the art in frequency topology optimisation. Test cases have shown that the algorithm produces similar topologies to the state of the art, verifying that the novel technique is suitable for frequency optimisation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2010

The locking compression plates-distal femur(LCP-DF) are being widely used for surgical management of the extra-articular complex fractures of the distal femur. They feature locking mechanism between the screws and the screw holes of the plate to provide stronger fixation force with less number of screws than conventional compression bone plate. However, their biomechanical efficacies are not fully understood, especially regarding the number of the screws inserted and their optimal configurations. In this study, we investigated effects of various screw configurations in the shaft and the condylar regions of the femur in relation to structural stability of LCP-DF system. For this purpose, a baseline 3-D finite element (FE) model of the femur was constructed from CT-scan images of a normal healthy male and was validated. The extra-articular complex fracture of the distal femur was made with a 4-cm defect. Surgical reduction with LCP-DF and bone screws were added laterally. To simulate various cases of post-op screw configurations, screws were inserted in the shaft (3~5 screws) and the condylar (4~6 screws) regions. Particular attention was paid at the shaft region where screws were inserted either in clustered or evenly-spaced fashion. Tied-contact conditions were assigned at the bone screws-plate whereas general contact condition was assumed at the interfaces between LCP-DF and bone screws. Axial compressive load of 1,610N(2.3 BW) was applied on the femoral head to reflect joint reaction force. An average of 5% increase in stiffness was found with increase in screw numbers (from 4 to 6) in the condylar region, as compared to negligible increase (less than 1%) at the shaft regardless of the number of screws inserted or its distribution, whether clustered or evenly-spaced. At the condylar region, screw insertion at the holes near the fracture interface and posterior locations contributed greater increase in stiffness (9~13%) than any other locations. Our results suggested that the screw insertion at the condylar region can be more effective than at the shaft during surgical treatment of fracture of the distal femur with LCP-DF. In addition, screw insertion at the holes close to the fracture interface should be accompanied to ensure better fracture healing.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2006

박판 구조물은 자동차를 비롯하여 항공기, 인공위성, 선박 등의 운송 수단과 건축물의 돔과 같이 효율적으로 활용되어지고 있으며 동시에 경량화를 필요로 하는 경우 널리 사용되는 구조물이다. 엔진, 변속기 등의 회전체의 부품을 보호하는 박판 구조물인 자동차 후드에서의 새로운 보강재 형상을 제시하였다. 자동차 후드는 엔진 룸에 장착되어 있는 회전체의 진동 영향을 민감하게 받아 공진현상이 발생할 우려가 있다. 따라서 설계하중을 지지할 강성을 가지며 동적 특성이 고려되어야 한다. 즉, 강성을 유지하면서 공진에 의한 진동도 고려해야 한다. 이는 곧 승차감과 직결된 중요한 문제이다. 그러므로 최적의 강성증대 설계결과를 얻기 위해서는 정적 동적 강성평가와 함께 고유진동수를 고려한 보강재의 최적설계가 도입되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고유진동수를 고려한 대표적인 박판 구조물인 자동차 후드의 보강재 위상을 구하고, 도출된 위상에서 보강재의 형상 최적 설계 후 제시된 보강재 단면의 최적 치수를 다구찌 방법을 이용한 직교 배열표상에서의 각 설계변수의 수준과 최적의 설계변수의 조건으로 구하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 록볼트의 건전도를 평가하기 위하여 록볼트의 비파피시험을 기술하고 바파괴시험의 적용성을 조사하는 것이다. 록볼트 자체와 그라우팅제를 포함한 록볼트의 건전도를 평가하기 위하여, 수치해석 및 실험적 방법을 이용한 두가지 방법이 적용되었다. 수치해석 방법에서는 분석은 DISPERSE 프로그램을 이용하여 록볼트의 분산선도를 해석하였다. 분산선도 곡선은 지중근입되어 있는 록볼트에 대한 그라우팅제의 두께와 강성에 대한 영향을 보여준다. 이로 부터 록볼트의 건전도 시험을 위한 최적의 주파수를 추정할 수 있으며, 그 결과 L(1, 0) 모드에서 20~120kHz가 최적의 주파수로 산정되었다. 실험적 방법에서는 실험실에서 사료를 제작하여 파괴 및 비파괴시험을 실시하였다. 비파괴 실험에서는 타격을 이용한 저주파수 모드와 초음파 트랜스듀서를 이용한 고주파수 모드를 통하여 록볼트의 상태를 조사할 수 있다. 실험실에서 수행된 비파괴실험으로부터, 유도파는 주변의 그라우팅제의 강도가 증가하거나 (또는 증가하고) 결함부 영역이 증가할 때 감쇠가 커짐을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 인발시험으로부터 록볼트의 극한지지력을 추정하였다. 본 연구는 록볼트의 건전도 평가에 비파괴시험이 매우 유용한 방법임을 보여준다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

기존 MRI, 즉 T1 강조-, T2 강조-, 확산-, 관류-, 기능적-, 등의 영상법은 조직의 물리적 파라미터 그리고 기능적 특성을 알려주는 역할을 한다. 본 종설에서는 최근 관심이 높아지고 있는 영상기법의 하나로 MRE (Magnetic Resonance Elastography, 자기공명탄성법)를 소개하고자 한다. MRE는 기존의 물리적, 기능적 측정을 벗어나 조직의 기계적 특성에 관한 정보를 제공해준다는 면에서 MRI를 이용한 새로운 modality로서의 가능성을 시사해 준다. 예로부터 진단의 가장 기초적인 방법중 하나로서 촉진을 이용하여 조직의 경도를 가늠하여 왔다. MRE는 조직의 경도를 MRI를 이용하여 객관적으로 수치화해준다. MRE 임상실험을 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 몇 가지 하드웨어와 소프트웨어(트랜스듀서, 펄스대열, 영상처리 알고리즘)가 구비되어야 한다. 트랜스듀서는 인체에 진동을 전달해주는 부분으로서 MRE 응용을 가능하게 하는 핵심적인 역할을 한다. 따라서 MRI 시스템의 자기장과 인체의 골격, 피부와 트랜스듀서 접촉면의 압력, 마찰을 고려하여 제작하여야 한다. 트랜스듀서를 통해서 인체 내부에 진동이 전달되고 있으면 최적의 영상을 얻기 위하여 고려되어야 할 사항이 펄스대열을 조정하는 것이다. 마지막으로 여러 가지 물질에 대한 가정(등방성, 균질성, 비압축성)하에서 영상처리 알고리즘은 파동방정식(Helmholtz equation)으로 표현되며 이로부터 탄성도(Elasticity or Modulus)를 구할 수 있다. 본 종설에서는 이에 대한 리뷰 및 MRE를 이용한 응용분야에 대하여 살펴본다.