• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1461-1466
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• 2000

The use of the dairy male calf for beef production has been found to be economically unprofitable during the past due to high cost of feeds and relatively low beef price. However, due to current shortage of domestic beef supply and rising beef price, this research aimed to assess feeding methods and costs and returns in raising dairy male calves for beef production under changing economic conditions. Two diets were compared: calves on an optimal feeding level were given milk replacer for 44 d and a concentrate (with ad lib. hay) to 150 kg bodyweight that contained 16% crude protein; those given a sub-optimal diet, more appropriate for smallholder farms, received milk replacer for 30 d and 14% CP concentrate. Twelve pairs of dairy male calves (average age 32 days) of Holstein-Friesian high grades were used, each pair having similar influencing factors such as weight, age, and genotype. Each animal was kept in a separate feeding stall until reaching the final weight of 150 kg. The results from this experiment showed that the differences of traits concerning growth performance and feed efficiency of the animals raised under the two feeding regimes were statistically nonsignificant. The optimal group was just slightly better, but the cost of production of the sub-optimal group was 24 percent lower (4,667 vs. 6,144 baht per animal) and the cost difference was highly significant. The results from this investigation showed that beef production from dairy male calves can be economically viable when sub-optimal feeding method is used and market beef price is at current level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.892-897
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• 2005

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a growth factor required for growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Total and 16 poly (A) mRNA of bovine M-CSF were isolated from healthy bovine peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated by phobol 12-myristste 13-acetate (TPA). The more compatible cultured mononuclear cells were 5${\times}$10/ml for RNA isolation. TPA-activated mononuclear cells increased the level of M-CSF-mRNA more than concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The optimal analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for14 Macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF) as a growth factor required for bovine M-CSF was denaturation at 94$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, annealing at 57$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, extension at 72$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute for 30 cycles. The size of cDNA of bovine M-CSF by RT-PCR was 774 base pairs. A 774 base pairs cDNA encoding bovine M-CSF was synthesized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ligated cDNA was transformed to competent cells and then plasmid isolation and digestion was performed. Molecular cloning and sequencing were performed for cDNA of bovine M-CSF. The size of cloned cDNA of bovine M-CSF was 774base pairs. The homology of base sequence and amino acid sequence was 88% and 86% compared with known human M-CSF, respectively. From a high degree of sequence similarity, the obtained cDNA of bovine M-CSF is thought be a specific gene of bovine M-CSF.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1054-1061
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• 2003

강화학습의 대표적인 알고리즘인 Q-Learning은 상태공간의 모든 상태-행동 쌍(state-action pairs)의 평가값이 수렴할 때까지 반복해서 경험하여 최적의 전략(policy)을 얻는다. 상태공간을 구성하는 요소(feature)들이 많거나 요소의 데이타 형태가 연속형(continuous)인 경우, 상태공간은 지수적으로 증가하게 되어, 모든 상태들을 반복해서 경험해야 하고 모든 상태-행동 쌍의 Q값을 저장하는 것은 시간과 메모리에 있어서 어려운 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 온라인으로 학습을 진행하면서 비슷한 상황의 상태들을 클러스터링(clustering)하고 새로운 경험에 적응해서 클러스터(cluster)의 수정(update)을 반복하여, 분류된 최적의 전략(policy)을 얻는 새로운 함수근사(function approximation)방법인 Q-Map을 소개한다. 클러스터링으로 인해 정교한 제어가 필요한 상태(state)는 규칙(rule)으로 추출하여 보완하였다. 미로환경과 마운틴 카 문제를 제안한 Q-Map으로 실험한 결과 분류된 지식을 얻을 수 있었으며 가시화된(explicit) 지식의 형태인 규칙(rule)으로도 쉽게 변환할 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2021

A highly sensitive and selective non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) carbon dioxide gas sensor requires achieving high transmittance and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM), which depends on the interface of the optical filter for precise measurement of carbon dioxide concentration. This paper presents the design, simulation, and fabrication of a Fabry-Perot filter based on a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for a low-cost NDIR carbon dioxide sensor. The Fabry-Perot filter consists of upper and lower DBR pairs, which comprise multilayered stacks of alternating high- and low-index thin films, and a cavity layer for the resonance of incident light. As the number of DBR pairs inside the reflector increases, the FWHM of the transmitted light becomes narrower, but the transmittance of light decreases substantially. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the relationship between the FWHM and transmittance according to the number of DBR pairs. The DBR is made of silicon and silicon dioxide by RF magnetron sputtering on a glass wafer. After the optimal conditions based on simulation results were realized, the DBR exhibited a light transmittance of 38.5% at 4.26 ㎛ and an FWHM of 158 nm. The improved results substantiate the advantages of the low-cost and minimized process compared to expensive commercial filters.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.211-215
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• 2017

The individual Maillard reactions of glucose, glucosamine, cyclohexylamine, and benzylamine were studied at a fixed temperature of $120^{\circ}C$ under different durations by monitoring the absorbance of the final products at 425 nm. Glucosamine was the most individually reactive compound, whereas the reactions of glucose, cyclohexylamine, and benzylamine were not significantly different from each other. Maillard reactions of reaction mixtures consisting of glucosaminecyclohexylamine, glucosamine-benzylamine, glucose-cyclohexylamine, and glucose-benzylamine were also studied using different concentration ratios under different durations at a fixed temperature of $120^{\circ}C$ and pH 9. Maillard reactions in the pairs involving glucosamine were observed to be more intense than those of the pairs involving glucose. Finally, with respect to the concentration ratios, it was observed that in most instances, optimal activity was realized, when the reaction mixtures were in the ratio of 1:1.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권29호
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• pp.111-121
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• 1999

고속 Rapier loom에서 경사와 위사의 조직을 완성하여 직물을 제직하는 위입과 바듸침 기구는 캠구동 방식으로 동일축선 상에 4개의 캠이 설치되어 있다. 이들 캠들은 2개씩 한쌍을 이루면서 서로 공액운동을 수행하고 있으므로 정확한 설계에 의한 동기화운동이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 전체 거동의 파악을 위한 시스템의 정확한 해석과 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통한 Rapier loom의 고속화를 목적으로, 위입과 바듸침기구의 곡선선정 및 캠의 회전에 따라 정확한 운동을 유도할 수 있도록 2가지 운동의 연관성은 물론 동시에 화면상에 구현할 수 있는 4개의 캠기구에 대한 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 개발하는 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2005년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.389-392
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• 2005

불리언 행렬은 다양한 분야에 응용되어 유용하게 사용되고 있으며, 불리언 행렬의 응용과 곱셈에 대하여 많은 연구가 수행되었다. 대부분의 연구에서는 불리언 행렬의 곱셈을 다루고 있으나 모두 두 불리언 행렬 곱셈에 관심을 두고 있으며 많은 불리언 행렬 쌍의 곱셈은 극히 소수의 연구에서 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 제시된 두 불리언 행렬의 최적 곱셈 알고리즘이 많은 불리언 행렬 쌍에 대한 곱셈을 해야 하는 경우 부적합함을 보이고 하나의 $n{\times}m$ 불리언 행렬과 모든 $m{\times}k$ 불리언 행렬의 곱셈을 개선시킬 수 있는 방법을 제시한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권10C호
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• pp.929-936
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• 2009

기존의 MIMO 다중 송수신기들이 협대역 flat 채널을 공유하고 있는 환경에서 오버레이 MIMO 시스템의 디자인을 고려한다. 오버레이 시스템의 수신기로 수신되는 기존 시스템 신호의 2nd-order 통계량과 오버레이 송신단으로부터 기존 시스템들의 수신단 사이의 채널이 모두 알려져 있다고 가정한다. 평균 송신 전력 제약과 이미 관심대역을 차지하고 있는 기존 시스템들의 수신단에 간섭을 일으키지 않는다는 제약 아래 오버레이 시스템의 각 수신안테나 출력에서의 데이터 심볼의 평균 제곱 오차 (MSE: mean-squared error)의 합인 전체 MSE를 최소화 하는 최적 오버레이 시스템의 선형 precoding과 decoding 행렬을 유도한다. 최적 해가 존재하기 위한 필요충분 조건 또한 유도하고, 제안된 시스템의 성능에 대한 모의 실험 결과를 제공한다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2007

Electromagnetic forces (Attractive and repulsive force), interacting between current leads show different tendency according to the arrangement of current leads on the top flange of the cryostat and the distance of each lead. Especially in case of high-current electric power devices or high-field magnets, optimal arrangement of current leads becomes one of the safety issues to be considered for minimizing the electromagnetic for ce acting on them. In this paper, we suggest an optimal arrangement method with three pairs of current leads for a 24kV class 650A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) system which has a probability of unpredicted fault currents(i.e, 20kA).

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2023

We explored a method to evaluate imaging performance for the optimal assembly of an endoscopic miniature lens and a sensor constituting an imaging module at the distal end of gastrointestinal endoscopy. For the assembly of the imaging module, the image sensor was precisely located at the focal plane when collimated light passed through the endoscopic lens. As another method, the distance between the lens and sensor was adjusted to obtain the highest focus index from images measured the star chart of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard at various positions. We analyzed the slanted-edge modulation transfer function (MTF), corresponding depth of field, and number of line pairs for MTF 50% and 20% at each working distance within the range of 5-100 mm for imaging modules assembled in different ways. Assembly conditions of the imaging module with better MTF performance were defined for each working distance range of 5-30 mm and 30-100 mm, respectively. In addition to the MTF performance, the focus index of each assembled module was also compared. In summary, we examined the performance of imaging modules assembled with different methods within the suggested working distance and tried to establish the optimal assembly protocol.