• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.28 no.1 s.66
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• pp.113-122
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• 1998

Stabilization splint therapy Precedes orthodontic intervention to enable the operator to find a 'true' centric(which is stable and comfortable), to test the patient's response to a change in the occlusion, prior to embarking upon a complex course of occlusal therapy : and finally, to see if the centric relation position can be stabilized. For this study, 47 malocclusion Patients enrolled for orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University comprised the malocclusion group, little variation of growth factor by the second molar eruption. They had Cr-Co discrepancy beyond normal range. For each patients the stabilization splint with mutually protected type of occlusal scheme was applied for 3 months. Condylar positions in CR and CO were measured using Penadent articulators, Panadent condylar position indicator(CPI), and transcranial projection before & after stabilization splint therapy. On the basis of this study, the results of this study were as follows 1. In all samples using CPI, there were statistical significances in CR-CO discrepancy(p<0.001) both before 8t after stabilization splint therapy. 2. In Rt and Lt+Rt/2 of superior joint space using transcranial projection, there were statistical significances in CR-CO discrepancy({<0.05) before & after stabilization splint therapy. 3. In supero-inferior components using CPI, there were statistical significances in CR-CO discrepancy(p<0.01) before & after stabilization splint therapy. 4. In all components except Rt using transcranial projection, there were no statistical significances in CR-CO discrepancy(p>0.05) before & after stabilization splint therapy. To sum up, CPI might be more effective than transcranial projection to reveal the changes between CR-CO discrepancies and stabilization splint might be more useful appliance for displaying the vertical changes, than the antero-posterior changes, of condylar position.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.218-226
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to define a color space of non-vital teeth and to compare it with the color space of matched vital teeth, recorded in the same patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In a group of 218 patients, with the age range from 17 to 70, the middle third of the buccal surface of 359 devitalized teeth was measured using a clinical spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade Advance). Lightness ($L^*$), chromatic parameters ($a^*$, $b^*$), chroma ($C^*$), hue angle (h) and the closest Vita shade in Classical and 3D Master codifications were recorded. For each patient, the same data were recorded in a vital reference tooth. The measurements were performed by the same operator with the same spectrophotometer, using a standardized protocol for color evaluation. RESULTS. The color coordinates of non-vital teeth varied as follows: lightness $L^*$: 52.83-92.93, $C^*$: 8.23-58.90, h: 51.20-101.53, $a^*$: -2.53-24.80, $b^*$: 8.10-53.43. For the reference vital teeth, the ranges of color parameters were: $L^*$: 60.90-97.16, $C^*$: 8.43-39.23, h: 75.30-101.13, $a^*$: -2.36-9.60, $b^*$: 8.36-39.23. The color differences between vital and non-vital teeth depended on tooth group, but not on patient age. CONCLUSION. Non-vital teeth had a wider color space than vital ones. Non-vital teeth were darker (decreased lightness), more saturated (increased chroma), and with an increased range of the hue interval. An increased tendency towards positive values on the $a^*$ and $b^*$ axes suggested redder and yellower non-vital teeth compared to vital ones.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.7-29
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of specialized services, user experience, and the overall satisfaction for the specialized library users, and based on the ISA method, compare the specialized theme data, specialized service place, specialized program, specialized theme area facilities and environment, and derive issues of the specialized library operation and improvement measures. Consequently, first, when selecting the theme of the specialized library, the theme ought to be selected to reflect the regional characteristics, history and demographics of the library, and the demand survey of the local residents and library users would need to be considered. Second, when planning the specialized program, the specialized library ought to consider operating differentiated programs based on the program operator who has the expertise to improve the quality of the program. Furthermore, sufficient theme related books and space must be secured, and moreover, the program must be planned in connection with the book collection. Third, the specialized library should be so structured as to ensure that the space may serve specialized themes provided by the library in order to provide specialized collections, services, and information services for the users. In addition, reflecting the needs of the users in designing the space must be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2013

Recently, economic and social damages are globally increased due to the heavy snowfall caused by global warming. To reduce the damages of sudden regional heavy snow in roads, suitable countermeasures should be established based on the accurate detection of snowfall intensity for each roadway segment. In this paper, we deal with snowfall intensity detecting algorithm in the road area from CCD Imagery. First, we determine the MLZ (MotionLess Zone), which does not contain lane markings and moving cars, in the image space. Next, snow streaks trespassing the MLZ are extracted with Canny operator and proposed algorithm. Also, the concept of SII (Snow Intensity Index), which is the number of snow streaks during one minute in the MLZ, is defined. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed algorithm is proved by visually comparing the imagery and SII value obtained during 69 minutes. In consequence, we figured out that the integration of SII is significantly related to an actual amount of snowfall.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.46-58
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• 2018

DRT should have higher positive benefits to become the public transit than the current backcountry buses having demand deficiency and operation problems. The study examines the factors for activating DRT through importance and performance analysis(IPA) and applies the IPA gap theory to find relationship between the current buses and DRT in the mixed operation area. As a result, the operation area is the urgent improving factor and the next ones are transfer related factors, on-time arrival, safe driving, operation time and vehicles. According to the gap theory to activate DRT and reduce the current bus system, in the case that performance is smaller than importance, the performance of transfer, operating time and area, and vehicles should be up. In the case that performance is higher than importance, the performance of luggage space, vehicle clean, safe driving, operator kindness, transfer, operating elements, and fare should keep going.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

The traffic lights detection and recognition system is an essential module of the driver warning and assistance system. A method which is a color vision-based real time detection and recognition of traffic lights is presented in this paper This method has four main modules : traffic signals lights detection module, traffic lights boundary candidate determination module, boundary detection module and recognition module. In traffic signals lights detection module and boundary detection module, the color thresholding and the subtraction value of saturation and intensity in HSI color space and detection probability mask for lights detection are used to segment the image. In traffic lights boundary candidate determination module, the detection mask of traffic lights boundary is proposed. For the recognition module, the AND operator is applied to the results of two detection modules. The input data for this method is the color image sequence taken from a moving vehicle by a color video camera. The recorded image data was transformed by zooming function of the camera. And traffic lights detection and recognition experimental results was presented in this zoomed image sequence.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

In this study, scaled model tests were carried out to decide the optimal critical velocity, to prevent back layering in the case of fire in a long traffic tunnel. Realistic estimates were made for the time required for people to escape ken the tunnel and far the time required by the ventilation operator to increase the system speed to full capacity. The analysis, predicts that the emergency ventilation will start about 240 seconds after the tunnel fire. It was also found that prevention of back layering would occur within 4 minutes after fan operation. To find out optimal critical velocity, a 1/50 scaled model tunnel(diameter : 0.2 m and length : 20 m) based on the Froude similarity technique was constructed. Changing $\beta$ values in the Tetzner's equation, smoke propagation was observed. From the experiment, it was concluded that using a $\beta$ value of 0.5 to prevent back layering successfully allowed time for safe evacuation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.782-786
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• 1994

Integrated finite difference method (IFDM) is used to solve one dimensional free oscillation problem in the coastal area. To evaluate the solution accuracy of IFDM in free oscillation analysis, two finite difference equations based on area discretization method and point discretization method are derived from the governing equations of free oscillation, respectively. The difference equations are transformed into a generalized eigenvalue problem, respectively. A numerical example is presented, for which the analytical solution is available, for comparing IFDM to conventional finite difference equation (CFDM), qualitatively. The eigenvalue matrices are solved by sub-space iteration method. The numerical results of the two methods are in good agreement with analytical ones, however, IFDM yields better solution than CFDM in lower modes because IFDM only includes first order differential operator in finite difference equation by Green's theorem. From these results, it is concluded that IFDM is useful for the free oscillation analysis in the coastal area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.442-447
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• 2004

XML is normalized text form that is designed to transmit structured document in web as that propose in W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) in 1996. Function that this can overcome HTML's limit that use in existing in Internet and user define new tag to HTML by way to solve SGML's complexity added. There is many efforts to use storing this XML document in RDBMS but to relation style DB because XML document is tree structure structurally data SQL and perfect disaster caused by things that is language to ask a question accomplish XQuery that so it is W3C's XML standard query appear. After store XML informations including space information to RDBMS in this paper, Spatial XQuery through converter that is Sqatial XQuery2SQL through Spatial operator, Spatial function SQL of by Sqatial XQuery2SQL conversion algorithm that draw information in RDBMS after change embody wish to.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2000

Recent researches about range queries in OLAP are only concerned with applying an aggregation operator over a certain region. However, data analysts in real world need not only the simple range query pattern but also an extended range query pattern that finds ranges which satisfy a special condition specified by using several aggregation operators. In this work, we define the general form of the extended range query and propose an efficient processing method for the 'MAX -of-SUM' query, which is the representative form of the extended range query pattern. The MAX-of-SUM query finds the range which has the maximum range sum value in data cube where the size of the range is given. The proposed query processing method is based on the prediction of the scope of the range sum values. That is, the search space on the query processing can be reduced by using the result of the prediction, and hence, the query response time is also reduced.