• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to see the changes in muscle activity of the upper limb in persons using a smartphone. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An experiment was conducted to target 15 right-handed university students. Experiments were carried out for students using cell phones for more than a year. In this study, experiments were carried out with one-handed and both handed operation of smartphone use in a sitting position, the same parameters with smartphone use in a standing position. The experiments were carried out by having the subjects write a text message in Korean on the smartphone for 3 minutes repeated 3 times with a rest period of 10 seconds given between each 3 minute period. Electromyography (EMG) was used to record the muscle activity of the upper trapezius (UT), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and abductor pollicis (AP) during phone operation. Results: The muscle activity of the AP and ECR were significantly higher during single handed compared to double handed in both sitting and standing position (p<0.05). The muscle activity of the ECR was significantly higher in standing position compared to sitting position with double handed use of the smartphone (p<0.05). UT muscle activity of the right has been activated more than twice compared to the left UT in a sitting position (p<0.05). And UT muscle activity on the right has been activated more than five times compared to the left in a standing position (p<0.05). Conclusions: Using smartphone with double hand is useful for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2016

Project management is a tool for smooth operation during a full cycle from the design to normal operation including the schedule, document, and budget management, and document management is an important work for big projects such as the JRTR (Jordan Research and Training Reactor). To manage the various large documents for a research reactor, a project management system was resolved, a project procedure manual was prepared, and a document control system was established. The ANSIM (Advanced Nuclear Safety Information Management) system consists of a document management folder, document container folder, project management folder, organization management folder, and EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) document folder. First, the system composition is a computerized version of the Inter-office Correspondence (IOC), the Document Distribution for Agreement (DDA), Design Documents, and Project Manager Memorandum (PM Memo) works prepared for the research reactor design. Second, it reviews, distributes, and approves design documents in the system and approves those documents to register and supply them to the research reactor user. Third, it integrates the information of the document system-using organization and its members, as well as users' rights regarding the ANSIM document system. Throughout these functions, the ANSIM system has been contributing to the vitalization of united research. Not only did the ANSIM system realize a design document input, data load, and search system and manage KAERI's long-period experience and knowledge information properties using a management strategy, but in doing so, it also contributed to research activation and will actively help in the construction of other nuclear facilities and exports abroad.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2020

This paper aims to propose ways to promote SNS marketing at school library sites with case study analyses in school libraries. To this end, in-depth interview was conducted with 10 Teacher Librarians who had used SNS in library operation and an in analysis was made of the operation status, motives and objectives, strategies and performances of the school library's SNS marketing. According to the study, most Teacher Librarians were found to be using SNS such as Facebook, Instagram, Kakao Plus Friends and so on in an attempt to improve accessibility and utilization of the library resources first. Not only that, they used SNS for the purpose of communicating with users while increasing the number of visitors and identifying the needs of users. The messages provided through SNS are information on school libraries and their reading programs, and the target market mainly involved their students. Based on the above research results, measures to promote SNS in school libraries were discussed, including the need for marketing consultative bodies, expansion of SNS targets, and enhancement of expertise in SNS.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2000

Leukocyte activation with cardiac surgery procedures produces various iuflammatory substances and involves in postoperative pathophysiology. The present study was carried out to elucidate changes in leukocyte myeloperoxidase level and effect on the heart and lung during cardiac operation. Total leukocyte and differential counts in peripheral blood, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and troponin-T concentratiens (TnT) in coronary sinus blood, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were measured at preoperative and postoperative period. The parameters were compared between sampling periods, and relationship was investigated between MPO and each variable. At the end of operation, there were leukocytosis with neutrophilia (p＜0.01), and increases of MPO and TnT concentrations (p＜0.05), but decrease in PVR (p＜0.05). MPO had a positive correlation to TnT, total leukocyte, neutrophil, or operative times (p＜0.05), whereas PVR had a negative relationship to total leukocyte or neutrophil counts (p＜0.05). These results indicate that cardiac surgery leads to elevated liberations of myeloperoxidase from neutrophils and may harmfully affect myocardium.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 1999

The thermal pyrolysis of chlorodifluoromethane (R22) for producting tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) has been studied using the tubular reactor designed by the authors. The reaction temperature over $600{\sim}850^{\circ}C$, residence time over 0.005~0.6 sec, and steam/R22 ratio 3 to 30 were varied through experiments to analyze the effect of these variables on the conversion of R22 and selectivity for TFE. We have provided the guidelines for the optimal operation and design for the pyrolysis reactor. With increasing the dilution ratio, not only the conversion of R22 but also the selectivity for TFE increase. The optimum range of reaction temperature was $700{\sim}750^{\circ}C$ and the residence time 0.07~0.1 sec. In the kinetic study, first order rate equation was fitted well with the experimental data. This indicates that the main reaction step is a $CF_2$ generation from R22 pyrolysis. The range of activation energy for the rate constant was obtained 44.7~48 kcal/mol.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 2003

The water-splitting process by the metal oxides using solar heat is one of the hydrogen production method. The hydrogen production process using the metal oxides (NiFe2O4/NiAl2O4,CoFe2O4/CoAl2O4, CoMnNiFerrite, CoMnSnFerrite, CoMnZnFerrite, CoSnZnFerrite) was carried out by two steps. The first step was carried out by the CH4-reduction to increase activation of metal oxides at operation temperature. And then, it was carried out the water-splitting reaction using the water at operation temperature for the second step. Hydrogen was produced in this step. The production rates of H2 were 110, 160, 72, 29, 17, $21m{\ell}/hr{\cdot}g-_{Metal\;Oxide}$ for NiFe2O4/NiAl2O4, CoFe2O4/CoAl2O4, CoMnNiFerrite, CoMnSnFerrite, CoMnZnFerrite, CoSnZnFerrite respectively in the second step. CoFe2O4/CoAl2O4 had higher H2 production rate than the other metal oxides.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2007

This aim of study is to offer three way(the E-commerce operations site, electronic catalog site, the E- commerce function improvement, the off-line E-biz revitalization) for E-commerce revitalization of business incubator center's resident enterprise through interview with business incubator center's resident enterprise, business incubator center's manager and the operation company of the COBIAN as E-commerce site of business incubator center. Solutions presented by business incubator center are considered from various angles to improve law perception in the COBIAN and to exchange contact information among BI companies in the COBIAN. And The solution emphasize an efficiency as well as an absolute investment to present the solutions that are able to do better important function as business incubator center than any other. furthermore, a business incubator center presents solutions for solving problems with small and medium enterprises as well as the COBIAN, which is doing E-commerce operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the muscle activity of the proximal muscles of the lower limb according to the distance between the front and rear foot during lunge and to determine the most effective foot position for activation of the proximal muscle in the limb. METHODS: A total of 49 young adults were enrolled in this study. All subjects performed lunge by positioning the big toe of the back foot and the heel of the front foot at intervals of 40%, 60%, and 80% of the subject's own leg length. Muscle activity of the vastus medialis oblique, rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis oblique (VLO), gluteus medius, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus (ST) was then measured during three intervals of lunge operation. Each operation was measured three times for 10 seconds each, after which the average value was calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in muscle activities of RF, VLO, and ST among the three intervals of the foot (p<.05). Post hoc, comparisons revealed lunge at 40% intervals resulted in higher RF and VLO activity than at 60% and 80% intervals (p<.05). In the semitendinosus muscle, 80% leg length intervals showed higher muscle activity than 40% (p<.05). CONCLUSION: Strengthening of the proximal muscles of the lower extremities during lunge exercise is considered to be most effective when placing the fore- and rear foot at intervals corresponding to 40% of the leg length.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2021

Recently, personal mobility (PM)-related complaints and PM accidents have increased as the number of users soars due to growth in the domestic PM market and the emergence of a number of electric scooter-sharing services. As a result, the need for PM education and practice spaces is emerging as a way to reduce accidents caused by poor PM manipulation and operation. In this study, we analyze the relevant conflict factors in order to come up with a systematic operation and activation plan for PM, and as an alternative, we review and propose how to operate a PM playground and test zone. It is expected that basic data collection and analysis of rudimentary driver behavior through PM playground operations will improve users' operational safety, and various conflicts of interest between users and non-users will be resolved by installing facilities to secure their safety.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.239-249
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze and compare the activating factors of domestic and overseas scuba diving resorts. Our delphi survey was conducted three times in 30 experts who involved in operation and management including scuba diving resort management representative and training team leader. As a result of comparing the activating factors at domestic versus overseas, it was found that common important activating factors included expansion of convenient facilities at public diving places, installation of safety and medical facilities for divers, development of first aid system including AED and oxygen ventilator, requirement of convenient facilities such as water lift and toilet in diving boat, installation of diving boat screw safety system, local boat operation guideline, regular course training program for scuba diving, employment of professional scuba diving instructor and guide, communication and promotion through various SNS portals, promotion by divers' word of mouth, involvement in regional Diving Resort Association, involvement in Korean Diving Association, communication and mutual benefit with local fishing villages, and linkage policy with local tourism industry.