• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1342-1353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic information to be helpful in establishing more rational prices discount strategy in prices discount advertising. The experiment design for study was a $3{\times}2{\times}3$ between subject factorial design in which the factors were discount presentation types(discount price presentation/discount rate presentation/discount price and discount rate presentation), existence of normal price presentation(presentation/ non-presentation) and semantic cues(regular sales/markdown on the previous season's product/storehouse opening sales). Thirty subjects were randomized in one of 18 experimental conditions. The subjects of this study were 540 female university students in Kwangju, Korea. The results were as follows; 1. Significant interaction effects between discount presentation types and the semantic cues were found in perceived transaction value(p<.01), perceived acquisition value(p<.05), and purchase intention(p<.05)- It means that discount presentation types in prices discount advertising need to present differently according to price discount types. 2. Significant interaction effects between existence of normal price and the semantic cues were not found. It means that normal price need to present in prices discount advertising regardless of price discount types.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

To provide the appropriate direction for development of transient control in a gasoline engine, transient performance analysis and evalution under four accelerating types based on typical driver's acceleration type were implemented by experimental study. In order to evaluate the characteristics of transient performance quanititatively, the concept and method by transient response specifications were introduced. Several performance parameters in terms of engine speed(RPM), manifold absolute pressure(MAP), fuel injection duration($\DeltatI_{nj}$) and air excess ratio($\lambda$) were emasured simultaneously during the four types of the throttle valve opening with the step motor controlled by PC. The result showed that transient response specifications in terms of delay time, rising time and settling time characterized the transient performance for four acceleration types quantitatively. Intensified acceleration type was most economical and linear acceleration type revealed the best emission performance.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.141-158
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• 1995

This study was performed to invetigate the relationship between clinical manifestations related to temporomandibular joint sounds and temporomandibular joint vibrations that occurred synchronously with sounds. There have been reported in many articles that joint sounds indicate internal joint pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate type and patterns of joint sounds, and radiographic changes of temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in order to diagnose and deal with the Temporomandibular Disorders(TMD). For this study 142 patients with TMDs were collected and they were examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs. The author classified TMJ sounds clinically into 3 types : click, popping, and crepitus. Transcranial and panoramic radiographs were taken for observein bony changes of TMJ, and for observing vibrations of TMJ Sonopak of Biopak system was used. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Female subjects with crepitus were older than those with click or popping and their mean ages were about 45 years old. But in male subjects, there was no age difference. 2. For all subjects, mean value of maximal mouth opening were above 40mm, which are lower limit of normal vertical opening. But in subjects with L-type opening deviation, mouth opening capacity were about 36mm of range. 3. Symptom duration stated when patient presented first were slightly longer in subjects with crepitus but there were no statistical differences. And there were also no radiographic differences among 3 types of joint sounds in regard to symptom duration. 4. In subjects wih click, it might have been interpreted that 12% had closed lock, 12% had degenerative joint disease, and about 17% of he subjects had normal joints by Sonopak. 5. There were no significant relationships between subjective loudness of joint sounds and magnitude of joint vibrations. 6. The highest value of Integral and peak amplitude were observed in popping sounds and though it was not significant, value of peak frequency was highest in crepitus. 7. Amount of mandibular positional change were differed between click and crepitus on frontal plane, between click, crepitus and popping on horizontal plane in rotational movement, respectively. However, there no difference among them in translational movements.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5820-5825
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 급기 가압 제연구역 출입문의 개방력 기준을 실측하여 한국인의 체형에 적합한지 여부를 검증하였다. 개방력 기준의 검증은 기술표준원의 인체표준정보를 근거로 NFSC 501A, NFPA 92A 및 BS-EN 12101-6와 비교하였다. 개방력을 측정할 때 인체의 자세는 일어서서 오른손으로 출입문을 미는 것을 기준으로 하였다. 실측한 값을 분석한 결과 30대 남성 및 여성이 미는 힘의 최대값을 나타냈고, 60대에서 최소값을 나타냈다. 또한 모든 연령에서 미는 힘의 편차가 크게 발생한 것으로 확인되었다. NFSC 501A 와 비교한 결과 남성은 20대, 30대, 50대를 제외한 모든 성별과 연령에서 기준보다 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 또한 NFPA 92A 의 기준과 비교할 때 모든 성별과 연령에서 측정치의 평균이 기준보다 낮다. 그리고 BS-EN 12101-6 의 기준과 비교할 때 남성은 모든 연령에서 기준보다 높았으며, 여성은 모든 연령에서 기준보다 낮은 것으로 측정되었다. 따라서 신체적 조건이 외국인과 다른 한국인의 체형을 고려할 때 현재 적용되고 있는 제연구역 출입문의 개방력의 국내 기준 110 N은 하향 조정할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 국제 기준을 임의로 사용하는 것도 문제가 있으므로 건축물과 사용자의 특성을 고려한 기준의 적용이 필요하다는 것을 제안하고자 한다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.194-205
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• 2022

하천에서 유사의 이동 및 퇴적으로 형성된 모래톱은 특이한 생물의 서식과 심미적 경관 측면에서 중요한 서식처이다. 본 연구는 보 상류에서 수문 개방에 의하여 노출된 모래톱에서 초기 식생의 발달과 그 분포를 확인하여 시간 경과에 따른 식생변화 과정을 파악하고자 하였다. 보 수문 개방 시기가 다른 금강의 3개 보 개방 구간과 보 운영에 영향을 받지 않는 대조 구간에서 보 개방 후 노출된 모래톱에서 식물군집 구조와 공간 분포의 변화를 파악하고 모래톱의 노출 기간에 따른 식물 군집 구조의 변화를 조사하였다. 금강의 보 상류구간에서 수문 개방으로 기존 홍수터 면적의 33% 이상의 면적에 해당하는 모래톱이 새롭게 형성되었다. 노출된 모래톱에는 1년생 중생식물, 다년생 수생식물, 다년생 습생식물, 아교목, 교목 군집에 속하는 9개 식물군집이 분포하였다. 모래톱의 노출 기간이 길어 짐에 따라서 나지 모래톱, 1년생 초본식물, 다년생 수생식물 군집의 면적은 감소하였고, 다년생 습생식물, 아교목, 교목 군집의 면적은 증가하였다. 하천 모래톱에서 시간 경과에 따른 식생의 변화는 수위 하강 전 수중 서식처의 조건과 물 흐름에 의한 물리적 교란의 정도에 따라서 3가지 천이 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 즉 모래톱의 천이과정은 1) 수생식물로부터 시작하는 '정수지 천이', 2) 일년생 습생 초본식물로부터 시작하는 '유수지 천이', 3) 버드나무류로 시작하는 '버드나무류 천이'로 구분할 수 있었다. 따라서 금강의 보 구간에서 하천 서식처 및 경관의 변화를 체계적으로 관리하기 위하여 모래톱에서의 식생 천이계열을 반영하여야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.364-376
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• 2020

Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is condition in which articular disc has become displaced from its normal functional relationship with the mandibular condyle and the articular portion of the temporal bone. Common types of internal derangement include disc displacement with reduction (with or without intermittent locking), and disc displacement without reduction (with or without limited opening) classified according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Treatment varies depending on diagnosis. Therefore, differential diagnosis should be made for appropriate treatment.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2004

This paper aims for evaluating the wind-driven ventilation in basement parking lots of apartment. Wind tunnel tests coupled with tracer gas method were conducted, and classified by wind directions and opening types. The test results showed that, as for wind-driven ventilations, stack type openings were more successful than scuttle vent. Finally, according to Weibull distribution in Seoul, yearly averaged wind-driven ventilation rate was calculated.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.485-488
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• 2000

In this study, the fatigue characteristic of spot weld specimen was studied by using the various specimen. The specimen types were tensile shear specimen welded one spot and two spot, and cross tension. The tensile tests and fatigue tests were executed to know the mechanical properties under static and fatigue load condition. In addition, the relationship was illustrated by finite element method.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.454-458
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• 2001

In this paper, contact between the coupler-roller and guide in elevator door mechanism is modeled and analyzed with DADS 3D program. The contact force of coupler-roller is an important factor for impact and noise reduction when doors of elevator are opened or closed. To minimize the maximum contact force, an optimal cam profile for the door guide is suggested. To find an optimal shape of the guide, several types of motion curve are tested with DADS contact module.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to survey the transition of the type of openings in korean traditional archiectures. To do this, various types of openings at the backside of Daechung of 23 Hyang-Gyo Myung-Ryun-Dangs were investigated. After the classification in some groups according to their types and their periods of constuction, the tasnsition of the type of openings was analysed. Results are as follows. (1) The openings constructed form 16th to 17th century, the earliest form, is a ledged and battened panel window(or framed and ledged panel window) whose mullion is built on the frame of window. It is presumed that these types were widely used before 17th century. (2) The next type is ledged and battened panel window(door) (or framed and ledged panel window) which lacks a mullion. These types were thought to be customed after 18th century. (3) The lastest type, which is appeared from 19th to 20th century, is an characteristic backside opening(ledged and battened panel window or framed and ledged panel window) that among 3 column spacings the central one is enlarged in comparison with the right and left ones. Through this transition pattern of the openings, can be menifested that the trend of 20th century is to enlarge convenience of usage by constuctiong door and eliminating some windows.