• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fruit and vegetable consumption of children in the United States falls below recommendations. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) is a national free-fruit and vegetable school distribution program designed to address this problem. This permanent, legislated program provides funding to qualified elementary schools for provision of additional fruit and vegetables outside of school meals. The objective of this study was to understand children's perceptions of FFVP after the intervention and formulate recommendations that may improve success of the intervention. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Secondary data were obtained from 5,265 $4^{th}-6^{th}$ graders at 51 randomly-selected FFVP intervention schools in Indiana. Anonymous questionnaires were completed late in the 2011-2012 academic year. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to determine associations between students' perceptions of program effects (4 close-ended items) and their preference toward the program. Content analysis was applied to a single open-ended item for program comments. RESULTS: Over 47% of students reported greater intake of fruit and vegetables due to FFVP, and over 66% reported liking the program. Student-reported program effects were positively associated with preference for the program (P < 0.01). Themes that emerged during analysis of 3,811 comments, included, students liked: the opportunity to try different kinds of fruit and vegetables, types and flavors of fruits served, and benefits of eating fruit. Fewer students liked the types of vegetables and their benefits. A small group disliked the program citing poor flavor of vegetables and quality of fruits. Important suggestions for the program include serving more dipping sauces for vegetables, cooking vegetables, and providing a greater variety of produce. CONCLUSIONS: The degree that students liked FFVP may predict the program's effects on fruit and vegetable intake. FFVP may become more acceptable to students by incorporating their suggestions. Program planners should consider these options for achieving program goals.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.5-15
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• 2018

Purpose - Nowadays customers have become empowered by information communication technologies. This state of customers has brought enormous pressure to bear on organizations, thus, organizations have to stay relevant, market-oriented and profitable. The insurance sector is one that is constantly challenged by its exposure to ICT and the associated need for e-services by myriad customers. With increasing competition in the health insurance environment, it is necessary for the sector to understand customer expectations and how they perceive the services offered. This study seeks to determine the role played by e-services in relation to customer satisfaction in health insurance industry in Botswana where a substantial investment has been made in the sector. Research design, data, and methodology - This study is conducted using two prominent medical aid schemes in Botswana namely BPOMAS and PULA. Subscribers of these medical schemes were the respondents whose views were sourced using both closed and open ended questionnaires. Systemic sampling technique was used to select the participants, while descriptive statistical techniques were mainly used to analyze socio-demographic data of the samples. Results - The results reveal that the level of usage of the medical insurance firm's website and email service is higher for PULA participants than for BPOMAS participants. Conclusions - The findings of this study have practical implications for managers who should understand customers' value perceptions regarding e-service quality in Botswana.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.108-116
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of Team-Spirit training in new nurses. Method: Data was collected through open-ended and self-reported questionnaires which were received from 47 new nurses who had finished team-spirit training for 2 days. The content analysis method was used to derive the core-category, categories and concepts of Team-Spirit training for new nurses. Result: The care category identified in new nurses trained in Team-Spirit was upgrade myself and our team. The following 4 categories also emerged; companion, interdependency, importance of community, and future growth of myself and our community. The derived 12 subcategories were intimacy, importance of companions, binding, partaking in difficulties, empowerment, observing rules, cooperation, consensus, self-pledge as a subordinator, motivating vision formation, developing professionalism, contribution and devotion. The 34 concepts were derived from the new nurses' statements. Conclusion: These results imply that Team-Spirit Training for nurses could contribute to companionship, interdependency, importance of community, and future growth of oneself and the hospital team.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.274-281
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to improve menu management of welfare institutions for mental-disorders. Special objectives were: to analyze dietitians' special considerations for menu planning in the view of nutrition, recipients' food preferences, and foodservice management; and to interprete menus by food groups and food costs. An open-ended questionnaire was developed and sent to 55 dietitians of welfare institutions for mental-disorders by a fax. Dietitians were asked to write their special considerations for menu planning relating to the nutrition, recipients, and menu management. A total of 46 dietitians responded to the questionnaires. Also, 32 weekly menus were sent to analyze in this study. Results of this study showed that dietitians considered specially energy, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fats for recipients's health conditions and daily RDA. However, dietitians wanted more information about right menu plan manuals for psychiatric patients. Analysis of weekly menus showed that milk and milk products were th most insufficient serving food group in these institutions. Also, snacks (p<0.05)and milk products (p<0.05) serving was significantly affected by higher food costs. The results implicated that future research on menu development should be necessary for nutritional balanced meal services in welfare institutions.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2003

Problem Based Learning (PBL) is one of methods which has been developed to promote student-centered learning and to pursue self-directed learning for life-long learning. The purpose of this study is exploring the possibility of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in college Earth science course. The participants of this study were fourteen students attending an Earth science class at Sookmyung Women's University in Seoul. PBL was implemented in the form of group project with utilizing Web-based course tool. We provided questionnaires and conducted interviews to figure out students' perception about PBL. The findings were as follows: Through a given experiences, (1) students participated more actively than LBL (Lecture Based Learning), (2) more students were engaged with self-directed learning, and (3) students made higher cognitive efforts. LBL seemed to be more efficient way to acquire factual knowledge. In the meanwhile, PBL did not seem to affect the improvement of communication skills. Students could not make use of Web-based course tool effectively in communicating with other team members. In this study, we found that college student participants preferred problems related to everyday life, environmental issues and interesting but unusual incidents. On the other hand, they felt difficult in open-ended problems, especially when they were asked to provide their own evaluation. On the basis of PBL experiment in this paper, we present one method of successful implementation of PBL and suggest topics which should be studied in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

This study is aimed at analyzing earth conception the nine pre service teachers who are majoring in earth science education and classifying a special feature from the ontological categories. Open ended questionnaires and semi structured interviews which meant to contribute to identifying ontological categories of concepts involving study area were designed. Pre service teachers' ontological category about earth conception most showed to dynamic and proto process. In the results show that many pre service teachers recognize simply the conception to a material, a condition and a conversion of the state changing. Most of the pre service teachers show their intermediate understanding level about the earth inner construction according to the analyzed results of the drawing tasks and interviews. The main alternative conceptions show them through a definition of the plate, a wording definition between lithosphere and asthenosphere, a feature of the plate boundary, a heat convection in the earth inner, the earth inner heat source, the earth inner structure, a physical feature of the mantle.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.588-596
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for improving the STEAM class by examining elementary school teachers' difficulties in the STEAM class and discussing solutions. For this research, 25 elementary school teachers in Seoul City and Gyeonggi-do were asked to write their difficulties in the STEAM class in the open-ended questionnaires. After classification of the collected data, an in-depth interview was conducted with one in-service elementary school teacher who is richly experienced in STEAM education to find solutions for each type of difficulties. The study result showed that most of elementary school teachers had difficulties in the STEAM class, due to selection of integrated subjects, production of teaching devices and materials, guidance of group activities, reorganization of the curriculum, assessment and uncooperative co-teachers. One teacher that participated in the interview to discuss solutions for teachers' difficulties was solving the problems in various ways. She said that many of her solutions came from her experience and also, knowledge obtained through a participation in the STEAM training or opportunities to share information with other teachers who belong to the STEAM research institution, was highly helpful.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effects of clothing styles on impression formation of middle and high school students and 2) the differences in impression in relation to perceiver variablex(sex, age, residence). The sample consisted of 60 subjects in each of 8 perceiver groups according to sex, age and residence. Stimuli consisted of 10 color photographs of male and female adolescent wearing each of 5 clothing styles respectively. Questionnaires consisted of 43 seven-point semantic differential scales measuring perceivers responses to the stimuli, open-ended Question and perceiver’s clothing style preference. Responses to the semantic differential scale were factor analyzed and 4 factors - Self-confidence/refinement, Sincerity, Intelligence, and Sociability - were emerged to account for the structure of the impression of the male stimuli. Five factors - Sincerity, Refinement, Self-confidence, Sociability, Intellience - were emerged in case of female stimuli. One-way ANOVA results showed that clothing styles had the effects on all the factors of impression except Sincerity. From the reset analyzing the effects of perceiver variables on impressions, age had the effects in all the clothing styles, sex had the effects in 6 clothing styles, and residence in 5 clothing styles. Clothing style 5(male stimuli) and style 10(female stimuli) were the most preferred clothing style in all the subject groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.565-579
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to investigate the effect of male clothing type and facial attractiveness on the subjects' inferences of occupational and appearance characteristics for the wearers. The subjects 'inferences of occupational and appearance characteristics for the wearers were measured by means of semantic-differential scales and open-ended questionnaires. The stimuli were composed of 18 color photographs which were made of 3 levels of facial attractiveness in combination with 6 types of clothing. The subjects were 216 male and 216 female university students. The results were as follows: First, the responses to the semantic-differential scales were factor analyzed to identify the underlying constructs of occupational characteristics. As the result, 4 factors were emerged. The first factor was interpreted to Appearance·Ability, the second, Individuality, the third, Dominance, and the fourth, Naivety. Second, the type of clothing influenced on all the 4 factors, and was more influencial than the facial attractiveness which influenced on the 3 factors except the Naivety factor. Third, There were differences perceptions for the wearers beteen subjects 'sex type; The male subjects perceived for the wearers with categorization more exactly than the female's. Fourth, there were accordances between free-association and inference in semantic-differential scales for the wearers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1021-1032
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• 2010

This study explores the perceptions of fashion consumers on entertaining shopping experiences and investigates the factors important to the creation of these experiences. A convenient sample of 100 was used for the exploratory survey. Respondents were asked to complete open-ended questions (e.g., describe a recent store shopping trip that you remember as being pleasurable and entertaining) on a standardized form. A total of 97 questionnaires were completed and used for further analysis. Six entertaining shopping factors were identified: store-related factors were merchandise, service, the store environment, and events; customer-related factors were customer resources and social aspects. Five non-entertaining shopping factors were identified: the store-related factors were merchandise, service, and the store environment factor; customer-related factors included customer resources and social aspects. A survey with a convenient sample of 200 college students was administered to examine the importance of entertaining and non-entertaining factors. The merchandise factor (which includes products assortments and price-related items) were rated as the most important part of the entertaining store-shopping experience, followed by service factors in the store category, and customer resources in the customer category.