• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.113-116
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• 2017

Synovial fistula of the ankle joint is an uncommon complication from an ankle sprain. This may likely result in an unhealed wound around the ankle joint due to continuous leakage of joint fluid. However, in the event of an open wound on the lower leg, and not on the joint, it may be difficult to consider synovial fistula as a cause of the open wound. We experienced an interesting case with an unhealed open wound on the lower leg due to a synovial fistula of the ankle joint following an ankle sprain. We obtained good results after a treatment using a self-produced suction drainage device on the unhealed open wound.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2005

Water-soluble chitin (WSC) was prepared by carefully deacetylating chitins to about $50\%$ of N-acetyl content. Topical formulations based on WSC were prepared and their effects on wound healing were evaluated on a rabbit ear model. Full-thickness, open skin wounds were made on the ears of rabbits and WSC ointments were embedded in the open wounds. The application of WSC ointments significantly accelerated wound healing and wound contraction. The areas of epithelial-ization and granulation tissues in WSC ointment group are remarkably larger than those in control group (no treatment) and in placebo group (treated with ointment-base materials). A large number of grown granulation tissues including dense fibroblast deposition were observed under the thickened epithelium of the wound treated with WSC ointments. The number of inflammatory cells in WSC ointment group was significantly decreased compared with those in control and placebo groups, indicating that WSC would give low stimuli to wounds and prevent excessive scar formation. Neovascularization was the most prominent in WSC ointment group. Wound contraction in WSC ointment group was much larger than those in control and placebo groups. Overall results demonstrate that the topical formulation based on WSC is considered to become an excellent dressing as a wound healing assistant.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

Purpose: Open fractures of the foot and ankle require prompt repair of the wound due to the complexity of anatomy, insufficiency of soft tissues and inadequate blood supply. Early flaps and skin grafts are used for this purpose yet general condition of the patient as well as local wound environment often precludes such treatment options. Vacuum- Assisted Closure (VAC) is recently being used in such cases. This study was done to validate the use of VAC together with silver antimicrobial dressing materials in contaminated open fracture wounds. Materials and Methods: We have selected 10 patients with Gustillo-Anderson type III open fractures of the foot & ankle treated with VAC and silver antimicrobial dressing materials from March 2007 to January 2008. The relationship between duration of treatment with wound size, contamination, and degree of soft tissue damage was analyzed. Results: The average age of patients was 36.6 years. The average amount of VAC application time was 23.4 days. Silver dressing materials were used for 16.8 days. Average wound healing time was 51.9 days. Statistically significant relationship was found between wound size, VAC application time and silver dressing material application time. No complications such as osteomyelitis were found after treatment. Conclusion: VAC technique is recently being used in open fractures with wide skin and soft tissue defects, producing good results. A wide array of dressing materials such as silver dressing is in development. We have incorporated the VAC technique together with silver dressing materials in the treatment of open fractures and achieved complication free results.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.29.1-29.5
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• 2023

An adult raccoon dog with extensive, deep, and contaminated wounds on the right hip and multiple fractures was rescued. The open wound was managed daily by debridement and flushing for 3 weeks. Modified active drainage was then performed, and antibiotics administered according to the antibiotic susceptibility test. After 2 weeks, the exudate disappeared and the drain was removed. After monitoring for 1 month, the animal was released in to the wild. This case shows that even if infection remains, rapid wound repair is possible if appropriate antibiotic selection through regular examination and active drainage are combined.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2021

Background: Management of pain from open wounds is a growing unmet healthcare need. However, the models available to study pain from wounds or to develop analgesics for the patients suffering from them have primarily relied on incisional models. Here, we present the first characterized and validated model of open wound pain. Methods: Unilateral full-skin excisional punch biopsy wounds on rat hind paws were evaluated for evoked pain using withdrawal responses to mechanical and thermal stimulation, and spontaneous pain was measured using hind paw weight distribution and guarding behavior. Evaluations were done before wounding (baseline) and 2-96 hours post-wounding. The model was validated by testing the effects of buprenorphine and carprofen. Results: Pain responses to all tests increased within 2 hours post-wounding and were sustained for at least 4 days. Buprenorphine caused a reversal of all four pain responses at 1 and 4 hours post-treatment compared to 0.9% saline (P < 0.001). Carprofen decreased the pain response to thermal stimulation at 1 (P ≤ 0.049) and 4 hours (P < 0.011) post-treatment compared to 0.9% saline, but not to mechanical stimulation. Conclusions: This is the first well-characterized and validated model of pain from open wounds and will allow study of the pathophysiology of pain in open wounds and the development of wound-specific analgesics.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to observe the effect of "herbal decoction for sitz bath" on dermoepidermal recovery to wound tissue in rat's skin. Methods: The samples were assigned to 3 groups: control group : without any treatment, positive control group : potarose 10% solution, experiment group : herbal decoction for sitz bath. We made the open wound of $2{\times}2cm^2$ size that cut deep into the dermis. Treating the open wound for 17 days, we observed the size of the wound diminishing. On 17th days, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The effect anti-inflammatory and dermoepidermal recovery were examined by H&E staining, immunohystochemical staining for MIP-2, FGF. Results: The experiment group showed more recovery from the open wound comparing the control group and the positive control group on 10th days after wounding. But there was not remarkable difference between the experiment and positive control group after 17th days post-wounding. The number of MIP-2 positive reacted cell were significantly decreased and that of FGF positive reacted cell were significantly increased than positive control group at 17th days. Conclusion: According to these results, we finally concluded that "herbal decoction for sitz bath" could be effective in recovery to wound tissue.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2003

본 연구는 체중 3.0kg의 가토 수컷 10마리를 이용하여 피부의 외상을 입힌 후 개방드레싱과 밀봉드레싱이 상처의 치유과정에서의 효과와 형태학적 차이를 비교하기 위해 1cm의 절개창과 $1.0{\times}0.2cm$의 피부절제창을 만든 후 개방드레싱군은 1일 2회 betadine으로 소독한 후 상처부위를 노출시켜 5, 10 및 15일째에 관찰하였으며, 밀봉드레싱군은 매일 betadine으로 소독하고 1% silver sulfadiazine 크림을 도포한 후 거즈를 덮어 5, 10 및 15일째에 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 피부를 절개한 군과 절제한 군을 개방드레싱 및 밀봉드레싱을 각각 시행한 5일 후에는 딱지가 형성되었고 표피의 재생은 상처의 가장자리에서부터 시작하였다. 진피의 표층에는 호중구, 단구 및 림프구의 침윤이 일어났고 부종과 섬유아세포의 증식이 경하게 일어났다. 수상 후 개방드레싱 및 밀봉드레싱을 시행한 10일 후에는 딱지는 탈락되었고 표피는 재생되어 연속적이었다. 모세혈관의 수와 염증세포의 침윤은 감소하였다. 부종과 섬유아세포의 증식은 더욱 증가하였다. 수상 후 개방 및 밀봉드레싱을 시행한 후 15일에는 표피의 재생은 완성되어 각질이 형성되었다. 진피에는 염증세포의 침윤, 부종 및 혈관의 증식은 소실되었고 섬유아세포 및 교원섬유의 양은 증가하였다. 피부를 절개한 군은 절제 군에 비해 반흔의 양은 적었고 드레싱방법에따른 치유과정의 차이는 없었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 상처의 치료는 드레싱의 방법보다 상처의 소독이 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1311-1316
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• 2005

To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.170-172
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• 2018

An ankle sprain is a relatively common sports-related injury but a severe open ankle sprain (SOAS) is very rare. A 27-year-old female athlete was injured during running and was hospitalized because of an inversed ankle injury with an open wound. She was diagnosed initially with an open-avulsion fracture at the tip of the fibula with an anterior talofibular ligament tear. The patient was finally diagnosed with SOAS from the surgical findings and literature review. SOAS should also be considered if there is a transverse open wound at the time of an ankle injury.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2019

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an inherited disorder of collagen biosynthesis and structure, characterized by skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, aberrant scars, and tissue friability. Besides the skin, skeleton (joint) and vessels, other organs such as the eyes and the intestine can be affected in this syndrome. Accordingly, interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary for a successful treatment. Three basic surgical problems are arising due to an EDS: decreased the strength of the tissue causes making the wound dehiscence, increased bleeding tendency due to the blood vessel fragility, and delayed wound healing period. Surgery patients with an EDS require an experienced surgeon in treating EDS patients; the treatment process requires careful tissue handling and a long postoperative care. A surgeon should also recognize whether the patient shows a resistance to local anesthetics and a high risk of hematoma formation. This report describes a patient with a wide open wound on the foot dorsum and delayed wound healing after the primary approximation of the wound margins.