• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.232-237
• /
• 2008

Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR, EC 1.2.1.44) catalyses the reduction of cinnamic acid CoA esters into their corresponding aldehydes, the first step of the phenylpropanoid pathway specially dedicated to monolignol biosynthesis. A cDNA clones encoding CCR have been isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its expression was investigated in response to abiotic stresses. The cDNA, designated PgCCR which is 865 nucleotides long and has an open reading frame of 590 bp with a deduced amino acid sequence of 176 residues. The PgCCR encoded protein possesses substantial homology with CCRs isolated and cloned from other sources; the highest identity (51.8%) was observed with CCR from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Under various stress conditions, expression patterns of the PgCCR were highly induced in adventitious and hairy roots by several abiotic stresses. These results indicated that PgCCR plays protective role against diverse environmental stresses.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.644-646
• /
• 2009

A 5-year-old intact male black gibbon (Hylobates concolor) was referred for evaluation of the right pelvic limb lameness following a fight against other black gibbons. Fractures of the right tibia and fibula were suspected on physical examination and palpation of the right pelvic limb, but no other injuries or abnormalities were detected. While the black gibbon was sedated, pelvic limb radiographs were taken, which revealed diaphyseal oblique fractures of the right tibia and fibula. Open reduction of the fractures was performed. The tibial fracture was repaired by use of an internal fixation technique that included a tubular dynamic compression plate and cortical screws secured along the craniomedial aspect of the tibia. There were no complications during the postoperative rehabilitation period. At 9 weeks, radiographs revealed that bridging callus was well formed over the cortices of the tibial and fibular fracture area. The cast was removed 9 weeks after surgery. The black gibbon exhibited no evidence of lameness and was released back into the group. Presently, there are no published reports of internal fracture fixation in a black gibbon where a tubular dynamic compression plate and cortical screws provided excellent stabilization of the tibia and complete fracture healing allowing normal ambulation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.198-201
• /
• 2012

A one-month-old, male Hanwoo calf was presented to Chonbuk Animal Medical Center with non-weight bearing lameness on its right hindlimb. The radiograph and CT scan showed a Salter-Harris III fracture at the distal tibia. Following open reduction, the fracture was stabilized by cross-pins. A temporal external skeletal fixator was used as an additional support for 5 weeks. 5 weeks after surgery, bone fracture had successfully healed with no complication. At 2 years after surgery, the calf could walk almost normally although intermittent weight-bearing lameness after active exercise. This is a rare case that the combined use of temporal external fixation and cross-pins fixation was sufficiently effective for treating a distal tibial physeal fracture in a calf.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1994.07b
• /
• pp.1277-1279
• /
• 1994

In the structure of ZnO/nip-SiC: H/metal substrate amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells, the effects of inserting a rear textured ZnO in the p-SiC:H/metal interface and a graded bandgap buffer layer in the i/p-SiC:H have been analysed by computer simulation. The incident light was taken to have an intensity of $100mW/cm^2$(AM-1). The thickness of the a-Si:H n, ${\delta}$-doped a-SiC:H p, and buffer layers was assumed to be $200{\AA},\;66{\AA}$, and $80{\AA}$, respectively. The scattering coefficients of the front and back ZnO were taken to be 0.2 and 0.7, respectively. Inserting the rear buffer layer significantly increases the open circuit voltage($V_{oc}$) due to reduction of the i/p interface recombination rate. The use of textured ZnO markedly improves collection efficiency in the long wavelengths( above ${\sim}550nm$ ) by back scattering and light confinement effects, resulting in dramatic enhancement of the short circuit current density($J_{sc}$). By using the rear buffer and textured ZnO, the i-layer thickness of the ceil for obtaining the maximum efficiency becomes thinner(${\sim}2500{\AA}$). From these results, it is concluded that the use of textured ZnO and buffer layer at the backside of the ceil is very effective for enhancing the conversion efficiency and reducing the degradation of a-Si:H pin-type solar cells.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.250-257
• /
• 2003

Purpose: Pilon fracture is caused by high energy and axial compression forces, and it is often associated with severe comminution and soft tissue injury. Recently, limited internal fixation of this fracture may avoid the soft tissue complications associated with formal open reduction and internal fixation and avoid incongruity of joint margin associated with conservative treatment. We have treated Ovadia and Beals type II or III pilon fracture with limited internal fixation and the results were satisfactory. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 15 cases of Ovadia and Beals type II or III fractures who were treated by limited internal fixation(K-wire or screw fixation) from January 1995 to December 2000. The average follow up period was 20 months(range, 12 to 38 months). According to the Ovadia and Beals classification, seven cases were type II, and eight cases were type III. Radiographic results were assessed by Ovadia and Beals criteria. We also assessed the functional results by Mast and Teipner criteria. Results: Radiographic results showed good in 67% and fair in 33% of cases. Clinical results showed good in 73% and fair in 27% of cases. There were no complications such as wound infection and skin necrosis, but traumatic arthritis were 2 cases. Conclusion: Pilon fractures are high energy injuries with significantly associated soft tissue damage and traumatic arthritis. Limited internal fixation offers good solution to Ovadia and Beals type II or III fracture.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.35-38
• /
• 2015

The checkrein deformity describes tethering of the flexor hallucis longus tendon, which mainly occurs after fracture of the distal tibia. The deformity increases with dorsiflexion of the ankle and decreases or disappears with plantarflexion of the ankle. In some cases, the deformity may occasionally include the second and third toes. In the current study, the authors experienced secondary checkrein deformity of all lesser toes after open reduction and plate fixation for comminuted fracture of the calcaneus. As a treatment, plate and screws were removed, followed by an additional medial incision which showed a partially ruptured flexor digitorum longus tendon with severe adhesion. Resection of the adhesed tendon and tenodesis of its distal portion to the flexor hallucis longus was performed for correction of the checkrein deformity. Then the lessor toe checkrein deformity recovered immediately. The authors report on this rare lessor toe checkrein deformity after calcaneal fracture fixation with a review of literature.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2012

Purpose: In accordance to an increased interest in facial appearance and the popularization of computed tomography scanning, the number of diagnosis and treatment of blowout fractures has been increased. The purpose of this article is to review pure blowout fracture surgery through transconjunctival incision focusing on complications and their management. Methods: In this retrospective study, 583 patients, who had been treated for pure blowout fracture through transconjunctival incision from 2000 to 2009, were evaluated. Their hospital records were reviewed according to their sex, age, fracture site, preoperative presentations, time interval between trauma and surgery, and postoperative complications. Results: According to postoperative follow-up results, there were early complications that included wound dehiscence and infection (0.2%), hematoma (insomuch as extraocular movement is limited) (0.7%), lacriminal duct injury (0.5%), and periorbital nerve injury (0.7%). In addition, there were late complications that lasted more than 6 months, that included persistent diplopia (1.7%), extraocular movement limitation (0.9%), enophthalmos (1.0%), periorbital sensation abnormalities (1.0%), and entropion (0.5%). Conclusion: We propose the following guidelines for prevention of postoperative complications: layer by layer closure; bleeding control with the epinephrine gauzes, Tachocomb, and Tisseel; conjunctival incision 2 to 3 mm away from punctum; avoidance of excessive traction; performing surgical decompression and high dose corticosteroid therapy upon confirmation of nerve injury; atraumatic dissection and insertion of Medpor Barrier implant after securing a clear view of posterior ledge; using Medpor block stacking technique and BioSorb FX screw fixation; performing a complete resection of the anterior ethmoidal nerve during medial wall dissection; and making an incision 2 to 3 mm below the tarsal plate.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.291-299
• /
• 1991

We retrospectively reviewed 334 inpatients who sustained a total of 518 mandibular fractures and who ewer treated in our department between l980-1990. This results were obtained as follows : 1. In respect of incidence, there were the highest frequency in July, and the lowest frequency in May. The number of patients has not been increased year after year due to competition with other department in our hospital. 2. The age frequency was the highest in the 2nd decade(38.9%) and the ratio of man to women was 4.9 : 1. 3. The most frequent cause of mandibular fracture was traffic accident(43.4%), and the next was fall down(24.3%), fist blow(71%), industrial accident(21%) and others in order. In the traffic accident, autobicycle accident was 14.1%. 4. The most common location of mandibular fracture was symphysis(38.8%), condyle(20.7% ), angle(19.9%) and body(15.1%) were next in order of frequency. The classification by location of fracture, the frequency of single fracture was 54.8%. 5. In 334 patients of mandibular fracture, the frequency of associated injuries was facial laceration(58.4%), teeth injuries(37.7%), extremity injuries(13.2%) were next in order of frequency. 6. The patients arrived in hospital immediately within 24 hours after accident wee 61.4% of all. In respect of treatment, open reduction was 68.7% of all. 7. Complications including infection were present 11.1% of patient. Other complications inclued delayed healing malocclusion, malocclusion and neurologic problem.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.254-261
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of performance of TB control manpower in Korea and to identify the affecting factors associated with it. Methods: This study employed a quantitative observational with cross-sectional design and the subjects were consisted of 189 TB (Tuberculosis) control manpower who were working in both community health centers and private hospitals. Variables included in this study were demographic, social, work-related characteristics, aqhnd self-efficacy. A reliability of the instrument for the performance was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.91. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression using SPSS (19th version). Results: The mean value of the degree of work-related performance of TB control manpower was $4.4{\pm}0.49$9 and it was higher than those of general nurses working in any other health care departments. The mean differences in the degree of work-related performance were in self-efficacy, workplace, the number of full charge manpower in TB, the number of participation in in-depth education, and the willingness to job maintenance. In multiple regression analysis, factors associated with TB control manpower' work-related performance were self-efficacy (${\beta}$=.164, p=.025), workplace (${\beta}$=-.186, p=.023), the number of participation in in-depth education(${\beta}$=.339, p<.002), and the willingness to job maintenance (${\beta}$=-.157, p=.036). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that work-related performances of manpower working in private hospital were higher than those of manpower in public health centers. So, it is necessary to enhance nation's active intervention to improve effectiveness and reduction of risk factors in TB policy.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2015

The Eclipsing Binaries Minima (BIMA) Monitoring Project is a CCD-based photometric observational program initiated by Bosscha Observatory - Lembang, Indonesia in June 2012. Since December 2012 the National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (NARIT) has joined the BIMA Project as the main partner. This project aims to build an open-database of eclipsing binary minima and to establish the orbital period of each system and its variations. The project is conducted on the basis of multisite monitoring observations of eclipsing binaries with magnitudes less than 19 mag. Differential photometry methods have been applied throughout the observations. Data reduction was performed using IRAF. The observations were carried out in BVRI bands using three different small telescopes situated in Indonesia, Thailand, and Chile. Computer programs have been developed for calculating the time of minima. To date, more than 140 eclipsing binaries have been observed. From them 71 minima have been determined. We present and discuss the O-C diagrams for some eclipsing binary systems.