• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.480-485
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• 2014

In satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa), alternate bearing is frequently occurred. It is very difficult to control and maintain the optimum production because satsuma mandarin is a very sensitive citrus cultivar. We carried out the experiment to find out the effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) and machine oil emulsion mixture on flowering and fruit quality of satsuma mandarin grown on open field. The treatments were composed of control (no application), $GA_3$ (25, 50 and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), machine oil emulsion 100 times and mixture of $GA_3$ (25 and $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) with machine oil emulsion 100 times on 16 year-old 'Miyagawa' satsuma mandarin on December 30, 2012. Foliar application of $GA_3$ during winter season led to a reduction of the flowering in the following year. $GA_3$ decreased flowering in dose dependant manner. However, application of $GA_3$ and machine oil emulsion (100 times-diluted mixture) inhibited effectively the flowering compared to $GA_3$ only. Also, flower-leaf ratio was significantly decreased by the application of $GA_3$ 25 (0.54) and $50(0.41)mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ with machine oil emulsion mixture in comparison to $GA_3$ 25 (0.86) and $50(0.60)mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ only. The number of leaves per fruit increased in application of $GA_3$ and machine oil emulsion mixture as concentration of $GA_3$ increased. Fruit weight and sugar-acid ratio also increased in comparison to the control whereas fruit size, soluble solid content and acidity remained unchanged. From the results, it was suggested that $GA_3$ application can reduce the number of flowers on the alternate bearing of satsuma mandarin. Moreover, application of $GA_3$ (25 and $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) with machine oil emulsion 100 times mixture can reduce the flowering effectively without altering fruit maturity and soluble solid contents. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of $GA_3$ 25 and $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ with machine oil emulsion 100 times might be useful in controlling alternate bearing in satsuma mandarin.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

In this work, a reduced size 20W quasi class-E Power Amplifier(PA) with defected ground structure load-network is presented for WCDMA base station application. Harmonic impedances required for the class E operation are satisfied by applying the dumbbell and the asymmetric spiral DGS. Open impedance for 2nd harmonic frequency which has the highest power and nearly short impedances for other higher order harmonics are provided by the proposed DGS load-network. The maximum Power Added Efficiency(PAE) of 70.2 % at the output power of 43.1 dBm with the saturated power gain of 12.7 dB is achieved by the proposed quasi class-E PA, which is comparable to the performance of the reference class-E PA. Total size of the proposed class-E PA is only $50{\times}50\;mm^2$ and much smaller than the conventional class-E PA that is loaded with a number of open stubs.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.197-211
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• 1993

Recently, the Supracondyle fracture of the femur is so severe and comminuted that it is difficult to treat open reduction and rigid fixation sufficiently due to violent traffic accident and external forces. The associated injuries are accompanied variously. So complications of the supracondyle fractures including joint stiffness, delayed union, infection are serious. However development of internal implant and operation skill result in relatively satisfactory function than conservative management. The authors reviewed 20 cases of the supracondyle fracture of the femur treated at Yeungnam University Hospital from 1989, Dec. To 1992, Jan. The results were as follows : 1. The male was common(70%). The 2nd-4th decade was most(87%). 2. The most common cause of injuries was traffic accident. The rate of open fracture was 35%, most of it was traffic accident. 3. According to the ASIF group classification. 4 cases were type A, 4 in type B, 12 in type C (10 in type $C_2$&$C_3$). 4. Accompanied injuries included multiple fractures in 9 cases and femoral artery injury in 1 case. 5. Among the 20 cases, conservative treatment was done in 5 cases and operative treatment was done in 15 cases. 6. Functional results (by Schatzker criteria) were as follows. The satisfactory results were achieved in 40% of cases in conservative treatment and 67% in operative treatment. 7. The average time of partial weight bearing was 15 weeks. 8. Complications were knee stiffness in 6 cases and 4 in delayed union.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Purpose: To consider the proper management of proximal humerus fracture on gunshot wounds. Materials and Methods: A 28-year-old male patient, who sustained a gunshot injury on the left arm 5 days ago, was admitted through the emergency department. Although he underwent an emergency surgery (bullet fragment removal and debridement), there remained bullet fragments around the proximal humerus fracture site. The wound seemed to be infected and a partial dehiscence occurred. No neurologic deficit was noted. Immediate exploration and debridement were performed, and an external fixator was applied to restore the anatomical alignment and manage the wounds. Intravenous antibiotics were administered. On the 9th postoperative day, wound debridement was done again, and cement beads mixed with antibiotics were inserted. After two weeks, the external fixator was removed, and the pin sites were closed after debridement. One week later, the open reduction and internal fixation with locking compression plate and screws were done. Result: At 3 months after the internal fixation, the bone union was obtained with satisfactory alignment of the humerus. Conclusion: The severity of the soft tissue injury influences the fracture management plan. Further, the risk on lead toxicity should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.117-124
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• 2017

A Smart Grid is a system that can efficiently use energy by exchanging real-time information in both directions between a consumer and a power supplier using ICT technology on an existing power network. DR(Demand response) is an arrangement in which electricity users can sell the electricity they save to the electricity market when the price of electricity is high or the power system is crisis. In this study, we developed a power meter data transmission device and power IT system that measure the demand information in real-time using a smart meter and transmit it to a cloud server. The power meter data transmission device developed in this study uses alight sensor connected to a Raspberry Pi 3 to measure the number of blinking lamps on the KEPCO meter per unit of power, in order to provide reliable data without any measurement errors with respect to the KEPCO power data. The power measurement data transmission device uses the standard communication protocol, OpenADR 2.0b. The measured data is transmitted to the power IT system, which consists of the VEN, VTN, and calculation program, via the LTE WiFi communication network and stored in its MySQL DB. The developed power measurement data transmission device issues a power supply instruction and performs a peak reduction DR when a power system crisis occurs. The developed power meter data transmission device has the advantage of allowing the user to adjust it every 1 minute, where as the existing smart metering time is fixed at once every 15 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2018

Salvianolic acid B, which is a compound in the Salvia miltiorrhiza, has diverse biological activities, In particular, the antioxidative effects were reported to be involved in the protection of hepatocytes, neurons, and various cell types. On the other hand, some phenolic compounds, such as ferulic acid, which is regarded as an antioxidant, plays a pro-oxidative role in the specific transitional metal environment, which could explain the anticancer effect. This study examined the pro-oxidative effects of salvianolic acid B in the presence of $Cu^{2+}$. Treatment with both salvianolic acid B and $Cu^{2+}$ induced the transition of supercoiled DNA to the open circular or linear form but not in the sole salvianolic acid B or $Cu^{2+}$ treatments. Salvianolic acid B reduced the $Cu^{2+}$ to $Cu^+$ using neocuproine, a $Cu^+$ specific chelator. In addition, catalase, an enzyme that breaks down the $H_2O_2$ to water and molecular oxygen, inhibited the DNA breakage. $H_2O_2$, a reactive oxygen species, has detrimental effects on biological molecules, particularly DNA. Overall, the reduction of $Cu^{2+}$ by salvianolic acid B could lead to the production of $H_2O_2$ followed by DNA breakage. These results suggest that the pro-oxidative effects could be the one of the anti-cancer mechanisms of salvianolic acid B, which remains to be explained.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1340-1348
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• 2017

Sanguinarine is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the roots of Sanguinaria canadensis L., which is used for the purpose of treating various diseases. Although studies of anticancer activities have been performed using various cancer cell lines, the phenomenon of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells by using sanguinarine requires more research. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-cancer activities and related mechanisms of sanguinarine used with Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in terms of the regulation of apoptosis. Sanguinarine inhibited the proliferation of Hep3B cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. Sanguinarine also increased the activity of caspase-3, which is a typical effector caspase, and the activities of caspase-8 and caspase-9, which are key when initiating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, respectively. In addition, sanguinarine increased the expression of death receptor-related genes and pro-apoptotic BAX, which belongs to the Bcl-2 family, while suppressing the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Sanguinarine promoted the truncation of Bid and enhanced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm due to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, the reduction of a survival rate that was induced by sanguinarine and the induction of apoptosis disappeared with the inhibition of artificial caspase activity. Therefore, the results of the study indicated that sanguinarine-induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells involves both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways; such apoptosis is a caspase-dependent phenomenon.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2015

This paper proposes an automatic generation technology of test case based on API in source code for software's quality improvement. The proposed technology is comprised of four processes which are analyzing source code by using the Doxygen open source tool, defining API specification by using analyzed results, creating test design, generating a test case by adapting Pairwise test technology. Analyzing source code by using the Doxygen open source tool is the phase in which API information in source code such as the API name, input parameter and return parameter are extracted. Defined API specification by using analyzed results is the phase where API informations, which is needed to generate test case, are defined as a form of database by SQLite database on the basis of extracted API information. Creating test design is the phase in which the scenario is designed in order to be composed as database by defining threshold of input and return parameters and setting limitations based on the defined API. Generating a test case by adapting Pairwise test technique is the phase where real test cases are created and changed into database by adapting Pairwise technique on the base of test design information. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed technology, the research was conducted by begin compared to specification based test case creation. The result shows wider test coverage which means the more cases were created in the similar duration of time. The reduction of manpower and time for developing products is expected by changing the process of quality improving in software developing from man-powered handwork system into automatic test case generation based on API of source code.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Metadate CD (MCD) when given to Korean children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We also explored the effects of the drug on diverse neuro-cognitive functions. Methods : Ninety-one subjects with ADHD (mean age 8.6${\pm}$2.2 years) were recruited at 6 outpatient clinics in Seoul, Korea. We used the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and comprehensive attention test (CAT) to measure the drug's effects. Results : After 0.92${\pm}$0.32mg/kg/day of MCD were administered for 57.4${\pm}$7.6 days, there was a 48.5% reduction in the mean total ARS scores (p<.001). Fifty-seven subjects (64.8%) showed either much improved or very much improved outcomes on the CGI-Improvement scale. The CGI-Severity scale also decreased from an average of 4.7 to an average of 2.9 (p<.001). Errors and response time standard deviations of the CAT, sustained attention test-to-response tasks, the flanker test, and divided attention test scores decreased after treatment (p<.05). The forward memory span of the spatial working memory test scores increased (p<.05). Thirty-five patients (39.8%) experienced side effects, of which the most common were headache (14.8%), nausea (12.5%), and anorexia (9.1%). Conclusion : This open-label study suggests that MCD is effective and safe in improving the symptoms and neurocognitive functions of Korean children and adolescents with ADHD.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2021

This research aims to provide guidelines with the appropriate type of smart bus stop to reduce the concentration of fine dust. To this end, we divided smart bus stops into two types: closed and open bus stops. The estimated reduction effect was compared and analysed by measuring the estimated PM₁₀ and the estimated PM_2.5 at five locations inside and outside a smart bus stop located in Gangnam gu, Seoul. The effect of reducing the amount of the fine dust concentration in external space was insignificant for both types of bus stops. The different effect of reducing the concentration of the amount between in internal space was relatively significant: the fine dust concentration was 26.0 ㎍/m³ for PM₁₀ and 20.2 ㎍/m³ for PM_2.5 at open-type bus stops; whilst was 2.4 ㎍/m³ for PM₁₀ and 1.8 ㎍/m³ for PM_2.5 at closed type bus stops. Based on the findings, a closed type bus stop is recommended when considering the cost of reducing fine dust. In addition, due to the ineffectiveness of reducing the amount of fine dust from the outside of the bus stop, additional provision of smart bus stops is required particularly in locations where demand exceeds the capacity of the inside. A clear definition of smart bus stop and it's minimum standard should also be considered.