• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the association between urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and leukocyte differential count in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in children undergoing uNGAL measurements between June 2018 and September 2019. Patients with suspected or diagnosed UTIs were included. The relationship between uNGAL and blood leukocyte differential count was investigated in children. Results: A total of 197 children were included in this study, 119 of whom (60%) had UTIs. The non-UTI patients (n=78) were diagnosed with pneumonia, acute gastroenteritis, viral upper respiratory infection, and others. After adjusting for age, gender, and fever duration, the leukocyte count, monocyte count, and uNGAL levels were higher in the UTI group than in the non-UTI group (P<0.05). uNGAL showed positive correlations with neutrophil counts, monocyte counts, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in the UTI group (P<0.05). uNGAL levels were only associated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the non-UTI group (P<0.05). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, only uNGAL was associated with the presence of UTI (P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for uNGAL and monocyte counts to identify UTI were 0.89 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.824-0.939; P=0.025) and 0.7 (95% CI: 0.627-0.774; P=0.038), respectively. Conclusions: In children with UTIs, uNGAL levels may be associated with blood leukocyte differential counts. uNGAL measurements and monocyte counts can be helpful in children with suspected UTIs.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences among short statured children with growth hormone deficiency, idiopathic, and normal children in order to find the effect of growth hormone deficiency on tooth developmental stage. We classified children diagnosed with short stature at the Pediatrics in Yeungnam University Hospital as subjects due to idiopathic and growth hormone deficiency. We analyzed the relationship between short stature and tooth development through the measuring of oral panorama and body index. Only the eruption of lateral incisors showed significant difference between short statured with growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic. Almost all tooth eruption was significantly delayed on short statured children with growth hormone deficiency compared to average group. In conclusion, short stature children with either growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic were affected not only in their somatic stature but also dental maturity. We look forward to this study presenting basic data for orthodontic therapy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2008

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate effects of massage therapy and the attachment promotion program with autistic children. Method: A quasi-experimental design was conducted with a convenience sample of 44 autistic children. The experimental group (n= 23) attended the massage therapy and the attachment promotion program for 4 months. The control group (n=21) only had the attachment promotion program. Measurements were made twice for both groups using the social maturity scale and child autism rating scale. Recording of mother-child attachment was done for 15 minutes in only the experimental group twice using video equipment. Results: After 4 months of interventions, there was significant difference on social maturity (F=9.01, p=.005) between the groups. However, there was no significant difference on CARS ((F=2.47, p=.124). The total scores of mother-child attachment between pre- and post-interventions showed a significant difference (Z=-3.42, p=.001). Conclusion: The results showed that massage therapy and the attachment promotion program might be an effective way for providing a chance to increase social maturation and to increase attachment between mother and autistic child.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

This study analyzes gender bias in children's informational books about science and science careers to determine how these early resources are affecting the disparity between males and females in science and engineering fields. The study focused on the number of male and female scientists both in pictures and text, and how much space was devoted to discussion of scientists of each gender. Overall, the findings of the study show that only 18% of the pictured scientists were female as well as only 16% of the scientists discussed in the text. These numbers are below current industry data that puts the number of females working in science and engineering fields at 26%.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.227-240
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• 2001

This review examined trends in research on the assessment of Korean children's story comprehension. Specific areas that were analyzed included types of questions asked in the assessment and variables treated as relevant to the assessment of story comprehension. Literal, inferential, and critical questions were identified. Among the 33 studies reviewed, 20 used all 3 types of questions, the other 13 used only literal questions. The studies using only literal questions interpreted comprehension of a story as "comprehension of letters and/or components of a story." The other studies interpreted it as "comprehension of implied meaning of a story." Other relevant variables were "teaching strategies" (29 studies) and "structural components" (4 studies). None of the studies treated "children's internal variables related to story comprehension."

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.245-264
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• 2007

This study analyzed physical knowledge displayed in the utterances of 10 Korean children 23 - 76 months of age. Utterances were blocked into four-month time periods, except the first two months and classified into 5 categories including properties of physical objects and materials, friction, buoyancy, gravity, and the motion of physical objects. All five types of physical expressions were found in the data of the earliest period the percent age of the properties and motion was higher than the percent of friction, buoyancy, and gravity. Data suggested two transitional points of change in physical knowledge : 2-year-old's descriptions were based only on perceptually salient physical features 3- to 4-year-olds described only end-state results while children older than 4 included systematic causality.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.211-226
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• 2000

This analysis of the children's books used in kindergarten classroom activities focused on educational meanings of the books. The analysis included books used in 8 kindergartens in 1999. Finding were that 76.6% of books were published in the 1990s; 60.7% of the lines per page were over 5 lines; only 55 of 542 books were recommended as good books by public institutions; half of the books provided factual knowledges or informations; Korean books included more realistic than fantastic fiction while the opposite was true of foreign books; in Korean books, male characters appeared far more often than females; 70.1% of the themes of the books were related to the ten themes of life suggested by the Ministry of Education; and 44.8% of the contents included moral values while only 17.5% of those included adventure, hobbies or pastimes.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to investigate what kinds of idea the children have after formal instruction in school, and to investigate what is the children's conceptual change on electric current after implementation of drill and practice type CAI program about electric circuit. The CAI program was developed by KEDI research project team the author of this article was joined. The subjects were 20 eleven yaers old(elementary fifth year) children sampled from a elementary school in Seoul, Korea. They had already learnt about electric circuits for two years before implementing this CAI program according to the formal science curriculum. The pretest were accomplished before implementing the CAI program, and posttest were accomplished a week after implementation of the CAI program. The results of this study are as follows: Even though they had studied electric circuits, only 5% of the students had scientific ideas before pretest, and even after drill and practice type CAI program only 30% of the students have changed their misconceptions into scientific conceptions.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.27-46
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• 2009

Currently, our country doesn't have standard children's library classification whose development reflects characteristics of children's library and children's books, and for this, not only the children's library working staffs but also users have to deal with a lot of discomforts and difficulties. This study was to take into account these facts of reality and attempted to develop Children's Library Classification (CLC) that is widely applicable to children's libraries. For this, the paper examined the category of children's books and analyzed classification conditions of children's library. Based on this examination and analysis, the paper developed CLC. This study finds its meaning in that the CLC developed by this study was based on KDC, was newly reformed for children's library, and was developed by reflecting the characteristics of children's library and children's books as much as possible in the formation of classification category and progression level per subject; the author expects that it could actually be applied to classification of children's books regardless of the size and type of children's libraries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.341-352
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• 2008

The number of school lunch-supported children who belong to low-income families has been rapidly increased in Korea. This study was aimed at evaluation of nutritional status of school lunch-supported elementary school children. One hundred school lunch-supported children and 119 non-supported children of fourth to sixth year class in 3 elementary schools in Gyeongbuk rural area were selected, and surveys were conducted twice, i.e., once during school term and once during summer vacation in 2006. Food consumption survey during school term was carried out through an interview by dieticians at school-lunch time using a 24-hour recall method, and the survey during summer vacation conducted by recording food intakes for three days by children. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 program. School lunch-supported children showed higher rate of skipping breakfast and rather irregular meal time as compared to non-supported students. Eating alone was more frequent in school lunch-supported children than in nonsupported children. The average nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy ratios were lower in supported children than in non-supported children. During term, percentages of nutrient intakes provided by school-lunch were higher in supported children than in non-supported children. Intakes of energy nutrients were within acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, but proportion of carbohydrate intake increased during vacation. Analysis of patterns of food intakes based on major food groups (dairy, meat, grain, fruit, vegetable) indicated that meals during term were more balanced as compared to meals during vacation. In conclusion, food behaviors and nutrient intakes of school lunchsupported children were inferior to those of non-supported children during term and during summer vacation. They were provided with more nutrient intakes from school lunch during term as compared to non-supported children. Therefore, it is necessary not only to keep meal support program during vacation but also to provide a proper nutrition education as a part of school lunch program to improve nutritional status and food behaviors of school lunch-supported children.