• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to identify the importance of social competence in early childhood, age 3 to 5, by examining the relationship between the children's variables such as gender, age, and temperament, with that of their mothers' emotionality, and the social competence. 72 children in the early childhood age bracket were surveyed. Three major findings were established. Firstly, there were no gender differences in relation to social competence. Children's adaptability and social activity were related to their pro-social behavior and the ability to internalize/externalize problems. Secondly, children exhibited pro-social behavior only when their mother's emotional reactivity was positive. hirdly, children's social competence was influenced by individual variables and their mothers' emotionality. Prosocial behavior, a lower ranking domain, was influenced by children's adaptability and mothers' emotional reactivity. The children's ability to internalize problem was influenced by adaptability. In contrast, The ability to externalize problem was influenced by the range of activities they were involved in. Overall, children's social competence was influenced by their age.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2009

Child is a being and provides the genetic continuity of parents and society, and therefore the fitness of these children for survival, growth and development towards reproduction, is of significance to parents and society. The aim of health care for high-risk children is not only to minimize or eliminate health problems, but also to optimize their fitness. Considering that the health care of children is influenced by available resources of parents and society, and sociocultural values and paradigms in a given environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), child health care professionals need to understand factors affecting the optimal fitness of children with risks. This paper introduces a new integrated theory for health care in high-risk children, entitled, Health for Optimal Fitness of High-Risk Children. Five main components were identified with associate concepts or midrange theories affecting heath for optimal fitness of high-risk children; EEA, optimal fitness, health problems, investment resources, and anthropological values. It may provide an integrated perspective on health of high-risk children in both the proximately biomedical approach and ultimately evolutionary approach as optimizing their fitness. Further study is needed to develop substantial statements between components with existential examples.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.791-799
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• 2002

The performance of educational program for preventive nutrition is more beneficial for children than for the adults based on the cost reduction and the effect of this education. Also children's education helps them to grow and to live as a healthy adult. The purpose of this study is to solve the nutritional problem in children by developing nutrition education program for children and correct their nutritional problems. The characteristics of this program (www.food79.net) are the customized program for grade level based on the level of learning ability, the various education method such as game, cooking practice, and quiz, animation, and the self educated method by managing children's meal management as the result. The contents of this site are constructed not only for children but also for parents, the teachers and the school dietitians to increasing educational effect. The children room consists of food tower, nutrition kingdom, calculation of obesity index, food information, nutrient exploration, cooking world, and evaluation of dietary life. In the room for dietitian and teachers include the contents of the easy gymnastics, nutrition counseling methods, the teaching plans for nutrition education, and the information interchange corner. The third room for parents is constructed of nutrition evaluation, food 114, correction of living habits, and free discussion. Through this site, we are expecting to contribute to national health promotion by correcting the food habits of children.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2009

This study examined the arrangement features in public library infant and children's reading room and provide basic material in after children's reading room space planning by studying the space features, which are valued in the environment behavioral point of view. We limited the check list to libraries built after year 2000 that are located around Seoul and from 5 libraries with children reading rooms. After analyzing items by the space features, considering children's environment behavior, pleasantness was most favorable, children scale, safety, comfortableness, flexibility followed in order. It shows the basic surroundings and the furniture that composes the children's reading room are relatively favorable, but in the other hand, it seems that reading rooms lack the ability to form an environment that can adapt to children's growth, inducting new activity areas flexibly or rearrange them. there are limitations to getting the children's needs objectively and significantly, so survey research, interview research and not only studying Korean's but comparing and analyzing with foreign country's cases will be needed.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the development pattern of final stop consonant perception using the gating task. Sixty-four subjects participated in the study: 16 children aged 4 years, 16 children aged 5 years, 17 children aged 6 years, and 15 adults. One-syllable words with consonant-vowel-consonant(CVC) structure, mokㄱ-motㄱ and papㄱ-patㄱ were used as stimuli in order to remove the redundancy of acoustic cues in stimulus words, 40ms-length (-40ms) and 60ms-length (-60ms) from the entire duration of the final consonant were deleted. Three conditions (the whole word segment, -40ms, -60ms) were used for this speech perception experiment. 48 tokens (4 stimuli ${\times}3$ conditions ${\times}4$ trials) in total were provided for participants. The results indicated that 5 and 6 year olds showed final consonant perception similar to adults in stimuli, papㄱ-patㄱ and only the 6-year-old children showed perception similar to adults in stimuli, 'mokㄱ-motㄱ. The results suggested that younger typically developing children require more acoustic information to accurately perceive final consonants than older children and adults. Final consonant perception ability may become adult-like around 6 years old. The study provides fundamental data on the development pattern of speech perception in normal developing children, which can be used to compare to those of children with communication disorders.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.945-955
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of the children's rough-and-tumble play, and investigate the differences in rough-and-tumble play according to children's gender and social competence. The subjects were 80 five to six year-old children. The children's behaviors during the outdoor play were observed by a modified version based on the Rough-and-Tumble Play Categories(Humphreys & Smith, 1987). Children's social competence was measured by using the Scale for the Social Competence of Kindergarten(Doh, 1994). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA. The results were as follows: Firstly, about 25.6% of outdoor play types was rough-and-tumble play behaviors. Specifically, children's rough-and-tumble play was more 'chasing' behaviors than 'mock-fighting' behaviors. Secondly, boys involved in rough-and-tumble play more often than girls did. In general, boys participated more frequently in various rough-and-tumble play categories, whereas girls involved only in chasing behavior more often. Finally, controlled by sex, children with higher social competence participated more frequently in rough-and-tumble play, which showed statistical significance. In conclusion, children's rough-and-tumble play behaviors were related to the gender and the social competence.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.325-338
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• 1992

The study was designed to examine the nature of shyness in children focused on the relationshiop between shyness in parents and children. The subjects were 80 triads including fathers, mothers, and their children aged 58.5 months on the average. The parents completed the questionnaire which included items about shyness and sociability devised by Cheek & Buss(1981) and the mothers also answered for their children. Identified by teachers, the children were divided into 4 groups based on both their sexes and a quality of shyness(shy/unshy). No sex differences were found throughout the study, so the analysis was made only by their quality of shyness. The main results were as follows: 1) 45% of the shy children had begun to show shyness ar 3~3$\frac{1}{2}$ and 41% of them showed it the most strongly at 4~5. 2) Birth order and educational experiences(an attendance period at the institutions) were not related to shyness in children. 3) The more and the stronger they experienced stranger anxiety, the more they showed shyness; Shyness and sociability in children were negatively related(r=-.45) each other, implying that they are likely to be distinct traits. 4) Shyness in children was positively related to shyness in their parents regardless of their sexes, and negatively related to sociability in their mothers. 5) Most of the mothers had negative reactions on shyness in their children and wished them not to be shy.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.454-463
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• 2022

This study aims to provide basic size data for the development of a hip dislocation prevention garment for cerebral palsy (CP) children and useful information for the design of garment products for CP children through identifying differences in body shape between CP and non-CP children and reviewing the tibial-stature prediction formulas of previous studies. Forty-seven Korean children with CP aged 2 to 14 years were measured for body size from October 2019 to August 2020. Body measurements of 18 sites, including greater trochanter length, which is an important site for a hip dislocation prevention garment, were collected and analyzed. Data of non-CP children were taken from same age of Size Korea and compared. Tibial-stature prediction formulas suggested in four previous studies were also reviewed. CP children had significantly lower stature as well as circumferential dimensions when compared to non-CP children. Greater trochanter length is difficult to predict through other body dimensions. Thus, direct measurement is required. Of the general key dimensions used in the clothing industry, only hip circumference could explain the body shape of CP children. Tibial-stature prediction formulas cannot always but tend to largely predict the actual stature of CP children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.36-49
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• 1973

This study was carried out for the objectives to collect the basic informations on the health behaviors of the elementary school children in an urban area in Korea. Seven hundred students were drawn to fill in the designed questionnaire which carries variety of Questions on health re-lated behaviors in general, eating habits, disease history, mental health, and sex education. Questionnaire were filled in by their parents. Major findings are as follows: ① 55.7% had habits of washing the hands before eating whereas 59.8% trashing their hands after toilet. The others had no idea of washing hands before eating and after toilet. ② 26,5% had habits of brushing the teeth twice a day 54.7% only once in the morning, and 2.6% once only in the evening. Thus, the idea of prevention from decayed teeth seems to be lacking among the school children. ③ Bathing habits were also inquired to get 40.3% of bathing more than once a week, 43.1% once every two weeks, and the rest of 16.6% once every one to three months. ④ 41.7% keep the regular bedding time whereas 58.3% irregular. Physical exercises were con-ducted by 76.6% on the ground while 23.5% did not practice any physical exercises at all. Of those physical exercises, rope skipping occupied 37.5%, and the other 66.9% consisted of 14 different kinds of individual type physical exercises such as gymnastic exercise. The main reasons for not enjoying exercises were different by sex; boys largely complained the inadequacy and lack of gymnastic facilities and girls felt in short of friends who could join the exercises. ⑤ 31.9% of the school children had been taking not much of food while 28.3% had unbalanced diets. Of these unbalanced diets, meat occupied 33.2% to be the priority to have an order of the following items such as vegetables, bread or noodle, and fishes as next to each. For eating habits, 88.5% take simple snack such as bread (38.4%, cookies, fruits, and candies in order. 25.8% of the children were provided such snacks or their parents regularly. Breakfast was sufficiently taken by 45.0% whereas 8.4% had never sufficiently. As to the lunch, 63.6% had sufficiently while 16.8% insufficiently. 70.6% take breakfast with all family members together and 30.4% separately. Correlation of sufficient taking of breakfast and eating together of tile family member's seems to be significant when we compare 72.5% of sufficient takers who enjoy breakfast together with the family members with 55.6% of insufficient takers who enjoy it with the family. This finding allows the investigator to point out the importance of table circumstances for children's eating. ⑥ The most common disease was catching a cold (38.8%), and the second was stomach trouble to be followed by the frequency of car sickness, headache, and skin infection. Doctors are consulted only by 23.9% when they are sick whereas 59.7% resorted to the drug stores. The lower the educational attainment of the parents, the lower the rate of visiting clinics. ⑦ 36.7% of their parents pointed out the problems of personality guidance as the most difficult thing at home 71.3% of their parents worried about and unsatisfied with their children's personality traits. Of these complains of the parents, impatience stood at the top to be tabulated at 24.1%, and 21.1% indicated narrow-mindedness. In line with this primary socialization at home, the most crucial problem seems to be related with the lack or recognition of the parents'own role when we find only 43.1% of the parents understood the importance of their own role for the home education of children; the latter group attributed tile responsibility of personality formation to the children themselves. ⑧ As to the sex educational aspects, 30.9% of children have ever asked about the physiology of reproduction or sexual matters to their parents, of those parents only 17.0% could give the constructive responses to the inquiries of the children. In companies on with these data, 25.6% recognized their own role in sex education for their own children while the large segments of the parents (51.1%) attributed the responsibility of sex education to tile low level of 38.3% who recognized the importance of sex education in the school curriculum and 25.1% of the parents insisted to wait until they get to know naturally about sex. 38.1% of the parents said they had some knowledge on sex from books while 16.9% through mass media. The next groups had common senses of sex from their own parents, school friends and other sources.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2005

This study used secondary data of the Illinois Subsidized Guardianship Waiver Demonstration, Chicago Public Schools and administrative data of the Illinois Department of Child and Family Services. Multiple regression analysis was the main statistical method. Results revealed a positive effect of foster parents' expectations on educational achievement of foster children without disabilities. Among types of educational involvement, 'direct educational activities' showed a positive effect on math and 'supervision reported by children' showed a positive effect on reading achievement. Among indices of the quality of relationship: the presence of kinship ties, permanence achievement, and level of affection between foster parents and children, only level of affection had a significant positive association with both math and reading achievement.