• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1430-1436
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• 2017

This study assessed the effects of treatment with sap extract from onion residues postharvest and purslane on the quality and quantity of organic onions. At the bending stage, onions treated with the sap extract showed vigorous growth, with higher plant heights, more leaves, and longer sheath lengths than untreated onions. The onion yield was significantly increased when the plant was treated with extracted sap as compared with that of untreated plants (p<0.05). The bulb weight distribution of onions in the mixed onion and purslane treatment was also significantly increased (~300 g) as compared with that of the other treatment (p<0.05). Except for CaO and S, the mineral content of the onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract mixture was higher than those of onions in the other treatment. The hardness of onions produced from plants treated with the onion and purslane extract was significantly increased (8% and 20%, respectively) as compared with that of onions produced from plants treated with the onion extract only or no treatment (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the sugar contents of the onions produced from extract-treated and nonextract-treated plants. Postharvest, the content of inorganic components (phosphate, calcium, sulfuric acid, and manganese) was higher in soil treated with the onion extract than in soil treated with the onion and purslane extract and non-treated soil. It can be concluded that residues left after onion harvests and purslane extract can be used as natural and environmentally friendly materials for the cultivation of organic onions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.785-790
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hazards from onions and their cultivation areas. A total of 32 samples were collected from onion farms and tested for biological (sanitary indicators, and pathogenic bacteria and fungi) and chemical (heavy metals and pesticide residues) hazards. Aerobic bacteria and coliforms were detected at a level of 0.2-7.1 log CFU/g (or mL) in the soil and agricultural water, 1.6-3.6 log CFU/g on surface of the onion, 0.0-6.0 log CFU/hand (or $cm^2$) on the workers' hands, clothes, and gloves, and 4.7 log $CFU/cm^2$ on the onion bags. Fungi were detected at a level of 0.0-5.0 log CFU/g (or mL, hand, or 100 $cm^2$) in all the samples. Staphylococcus aureus was detected at a level of 1.2 log CFU/hand on the workers' hands, the detection level of Bacillus cereus was up to 4.8 log CFU/g in the soil. However, Escherichia coli (and in particular strain O157:H7), Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. were not detected. Although heavy metals were detected in the environment (in soil and agricultural water) and pesticide residues were detected in onion, the levels were lower than the regulation limits.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the residual characteristics and safety assessment of αcypermethrin and deltamethrin in minor crops, chives and spring onion cultivated in greenhouse. METHODS AND RESULTS: The insecticides α-cypermethrin 2% EC and deltamethrin 1% EC used in the experiment were diluted 1,000 times and then sprayed on chives and spring onion twice with 1-week intervals at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days before harvest. The residual insecticides were extracted from the minor crops using QuEchERS method and analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The average initial residues of α-cypermethrin and deltamethrin in chives after 21 days decreased from 2.74 to 0.82 mg/kg and 1.12 to 0.16 mg/kg, respectively. Similarly, in spring onion the residues after the same periods decreased from 0.26 to <0.01 mg/kg for α-cypermethrin and from 0.07 to <0.01 mg/kg for deltamethrin. CONCLUSION(S): The PHIs (pre-harvest intervals) for α-cypermethrin and deltamethrin in chives are recommended as 14 days before harvest with twice applications of the pesticides, whereas for α-cypermethrin in spring onion PHI of 7 days before harvest is recommended with 3 times of applications and PHI of 21 days for deltamethrin. The theoretical maximum daily intakes of cypermethrin and deltamethrin were 68.8% and 64.2%, respectively, indicating that residues of both compounds did not pose considerable health risks to consumers.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2015

Uptake of the triazole fungicides, fluquinconazole and tetraconazole from shoot part of onion was assessed by determining residual amounts of applied fungicides in edible and shoot parts of onion after the foliar application. Combined product of fluquinconazole and tetraconazole (14:7, v/v) as a 21% active ingredient of suspended emulsion formulation was diluted at ratio of 500 and 200 times and sprayed on the shoot part of onion after sealing its root part with absorbent paper. At 10 days after the pesticide application, fluquinconazole residue in the shoot part was the greatest as 5.2 mg/kg at 200 times-dilution treatment, while tetraconazole residue in this part was the smallest as 1.2 mg/kg at 500 times-dilution treatment. On the other hand, the pesticide residues in edible parts of onion at all the treatments were less than limits of detection, 0.01 mg/kg. However, fluquinconazole residues in the edible part of onion divided into three groups such as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd layers were detected at concentrations of 0.04 or 0.24 mg/kg, and these results show the different distribution of pesticides in onion depending on divided layers. In addition, chopped onions were soaked in pesticide solutions prepared with dilution of 1,000 times, cooked using three food processing types such as boiling, stir frying, and pickling, and the pesticide residues in them were analyzed. The analyzed results showed the largest pesticide dissipation in onion followed boiling process (76.9~92.6%).

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 2015

Cyantraniliprole, which is an ananthranilic diamide insecticide that was developed by the DuPont Corporation, was registered in the Republic of Korea in 2012. It offers exceptional insecticidal activity on a broad range of Lepidopera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Isoptera. The maximum residue limits are set to pepper, peach, apple, sweet pepper, welsh onion, and so on (0.2~2.0 mg/kg). Therefore, an analytical method for determining cyantraniliprole residue in agricultural products was developed to ensure food safety. In previous studies, welsh onions were among vegetables included in the allium species, which is a representative plant with sulfur organic compounds. In this study, the analytical method was developed and evaluated for the elimination of sulfur compounds from the test solution of allium species during pesticide residue analysis. In order to inactivate the enzyme allinase and produce sulfur compounds, sample extraction was made in the base state pH 10 by reducing the activity of the enzyme. The recoveries of the developed method ranged from 81.9% to 83.2%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. Therefore, based on the results, the method developed in this study is accurate and appropriate for use in cyantraniliprole determination. It will be used as the official method for managing the safety of cyantraniliprole residues in agricultural products.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 1999

A tandemly repeated DNA sequence was identified and characterized y the combined RAPD and FISH data from a total genomic DNA of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum). A clone containing this repeating sequence was selected and sequenced. This repeating unit of 314 bp inserted into pAf 072 contained 54.1% adenine and thymine residues, and showed the primer sequence used, 5'-GAAACGGGTG-3', in both terminals of the sequence. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using this tandemly repeated sequence as a probe indicated that the detected sites were coincident with the major C-banded constitutive heterochromatin in the terminal regions of both arms of all 6 chromosomes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.200-208
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• 2004

Effects of cucumber and tomato seed germination by previous leaf and root vegetables (cabbage, radish, welsh onion, lettuce) residue in soil were tested in pot condition. Overall, suppression effect of welsh onion residue was the greatest in 4 tested crop residue and followed by radish, cabbage and lettuce, but lettuce residue didn't have effect on cucumber seed germination. Suppression were maintained ca. 20 days but after the time point, growth of cucumber and tomato were enhanced. Enhancing effect of welsh onion residue was the greatest in 4 tested crops residues and followed by radish, cabbage and lettuce. As a conclusion, residue of welsh onion, radish and cabbage were suppressed the germination of cucumber and tomato seeds but enhanced growth after 20 days of treatment. To verify the effective concentration of residue on suppression of germination and growth of radicle of cucumber and tomato, plant extract of welsh onion, radish, cabbage and lettuce were diluted as 5, 10, 17, 23, 35, 50, and $65\%$, and then tested. In low concentration treatment, 5, 10, 17, and $23\%$, all 4 crop extracts didn't suppress cucumber seed germination. High concentration of lettuce extract, 35, 50, and $65\%$, cucumber seed didn't germinate at all. In case of welsh onion extract, only $65\%$ treatment suppressed cucumber seed germination. In low concentration treatment, 17, and $23\%$, only the welsh onion extract suppressed young radicle. In case of high concentration treatment, except $35\%$, all four crops extract suppressed cucumber radicle growth. In low concentration treatment, tomato seed germination was suppressed by lettuce extract only but in high concentration treatment, 35, 50, and $65\%$, all extracts suppressed germination. Especially higher than $50\%$ treatment, tomato seed didn't germinate at all. Radicle growth was highly suppressed in welsh onion and lettuce extract, higher than $23\%$ concentration. As conclusion, leaf and root vegetable extracts suppressed cucumber and tomato seed germination and in high concentration, also suppressed radicle growth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.253-262
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• 1995

The heavy metal contents of soils which had been contaminated with mine residues and green onion and lettuce which were grown on these soils were analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Heavy metal contents in the soil where green onion and lettuce died back or were poor in growth were unusually high. 2. Heavy metal contents in the plants grown in the soil of high level of metals were also high, in the order of root > leaf > stem. In case of Mn, however, the content was the highest in the leaf. 3. Contents of Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni in soil were positively correlated with those in plant. In case of Pb, there was no consistent relationship between the contents in soil and plant. 4. Even in the soils where plant growth appeared to be normal the heavy metal contents both in soil and in plant were higher than the national average.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In order to survey residual characteristics of pesticides in the agricultural products selling at markets and to assess their safety, a total of 120 agricultural products were collected from the wholesale and traditional markets in Cheongju and analyzed the pesticide residues in them by multiresidue analysis method using GLC, HPLC and GC-MSD. Three pesticides, procymidone, penconazole, and tetraconazole, were detected from 4 samples such as onion, leek, tomato, and green pepper. Fungicide penconazole was detected from the onion collected from wholesale market. Fungicide procymidone was detected from leek and tomato and fungicide tetraconazole was detected from green pepper. Pesticide residues were detected from 3.3% of the total samples. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the pesticides detected were less than 0.1% of their acceptable daily intakes (ADIs), representing that residue levels of the pesticides detected were evaluated as safe.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2002

This study was carried out for dietary safety based on the level of pesticide residues in 17 kinds of the agricultural products (apple, cabbage, cabbage kor, carrot, cucumber, pepper, onion, potato, radish, spring onion, pumpkin, lettuce, garlic, drapwort, spinach, leek crown daisy) consumed in Kyunggi-do and Inchon-city that provided for the army. From January 1998 to December 2001, ten organochlorine pesticides in 1075 samples were analyzed by using GC-ECD. According to the results, one kind of pesticides was detected in 135(12.5%) samples, and two kinds were in 7 (5.18%). While dicofol and tetradifon was not fecund. Detection rate of pesticides were 9.02% for $\alpha$, $\beta$-endosulfan, 2.8% far chlorothalonil, 0.46% for γ-BHC, 0.40% for chlorobenzilate, 0.33% for folpet, 0.28% far DDT, 0.15% for captafol, and 0.11% for captan. Dectection ranges of pesticides were from 0.001 to 0.092 ppm for $\alpha$, $\beta$-endosulfan, from 0.003 to 0.023 ppm for chlorothalonil, from 0.003 to 0.006 ppm far γ -BHC, from 0.001 to 0.003 ppm for DDT, from 0.009 to 0.095 ppm for folpet, 0.05 ppm for captan, 0.01 ppm for captafol, and 0.008 ppm far chlorobenzilatel respectively. Consequentlyl all detected pesticide levels in samples were below maximum residue limits(MRLs) in Korea and Codex.