• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

Jeju-do is a volcanic island located off the shore of the Korean peninsula facing the Pacific Ocean. The traditional housing styles of the Jeju Province, therefore, reflect the impact of these natural backgrounds and reveal different housing styles that are distinctive from those of mainland Korea. The purpose of this research is to analyze the peculiarities of the Ondol (floor heating system) and the kitchen space of traditional housing of Jeju Island in terms of lifestyles. This study shall employ two research methods: a literature review and field survey methods. The literature review shall focus on the observations of characteristics noted in previous studies of Jeju's private houses. The field survey shall employ field survey and interview methods originating from the ethnography of the culturological-anthropologist approach. (1) The Jeju-do Ondol system is a “Weibang-eudul” system which means one Gudul per fire hole. (2) The definition of terms for Gulmook show variations depending on the various regions on Jeiu-do. (3) Major facilities in Jeongji include Gulmook, Sotduck, and Busup. Gulmook is a heating facility and Sotduck refers to a cooking facility; Busup refers to a combination of heating, cooking, and illuminating facilities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

The principle of Korean Traditional Housing was to be harmonized with the nature with shapes according to regional climate and materials easily available from the region. These environmentally friendly characteristics protected indoor environment from climate changes. The characteristics of Korean traditional housing to control indoor environment would be very useful for contemporary housing in that current issues, improving housing amenity and wellbeing, had basic goals same with what Korean Traditional Housing had. Though it could be found characteristics of indoor thermal environment heated by Ondol Heating System, analyses of evaluation made by occupants of the rooms were insufficient because most of the studies had been focused on the measurement of indoor thermal factors. Thus, with an evaluation of occupants for the indoor thermal comfort and an estimation of discomfort derived from the result of vertical temperature distribution, it was studied whether the agreeable indoor range of rooms, of which was Jeonju Hanok Living Experience Center, heated by Ondol Heating System corresponded to the agreeable indoor range presented in references.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 1979

In Korean housing designs reflect uniqueness as a result of the influence of regional and atmospheric factors. In this regard, the early use of the hot floor (ondol) system is of special significance. This system is still in use today, not only for house-heating purposes in the homes of commoners, but also for cooking in the kitchen. The present study represents an investigation of the ondol structure since its earliest known usage. Methodology involves a documentary examination of the system. In point of time, this begins with the system's earliest usage and proceeds chronnologically down to the end of the Yi Dynasty. Research indicates that something very much like the ondol system appeared in the early tribal society of Mahan and its usage continued in the state of Koguryo (during the Three Kingdoms Period) in the homes of the poor. This unique system which had its origin in cold northern areas was utilized on a much broader basis during the Koryo Dynasty. Coming down to the Yi Dynasty it found acceptance and application in all parts of the peninsula. Variations in major component parts of the structure, such as the fuel hole, the flue, the draft , and the chimney, normally reflect regional dissimilarities. It is perhaps most significant that here-in contrast to other devices we have a system that serves concurrently for both heating and cooking purposes.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

The traditional Korean Ondol System that is a radiant floor heating system was made as warm floor and cool indoor temperature. Nowaday, Ondol is developed as the hydronic floor heating system. But unbalance of floor temperature and indoor temperature is occurred bocause strengthen thermal insulation and airtightness in building changes thermal performance. To solve these problems, we examine actual indoor environment of heating system methods in existing apartments and present the new method of floor heating system. The existing heating system made definite indoor temperatures but floor temperatures that is $22^{\circ}C-26^{\circ}C$ was maintained. To solve these problems, we adopted the differential heating system which made warm area and cool area. A differential heating system was made different pitches of heating pipe in single zone and ratio of warm area to cool area is 1 to 2. As a result of experiments, warm area temperature is $40.7^{\circ}C$, cool area temperature is $36.1^{\circ}C$. A difference of temperature between both area is 4K. A distribution of indoor vertical temperature is similar to both warm area and cool area.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.33-44
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• 2021

The traditional Korean heating system ondol, one of the most important characteristics of Korean architecture, still remains as hydronic floor heating. Various studies have been conducted on the modernization of ondol, but the process of introducing the hydronic floor heating has not been seriously studied so far. Therefore, this paper aims to demonstrate how the hydronic floor heating had been introduced to Korea, taking the 1950s and 1960s Haengchon, Jongam, and Mapo Apartments for example - these three are regarded as the first Korean apartment houses after the Korean War. While Western advanced construction technology was imported for these apartments, various methods of modernizing ondol were also considered. What was remarkable in these attempts is that hydronic floor heating first appeared in Mapo 1st Apartment in 1962, because this is the universal heating method in the present Korea. This fact signifies that the traditional principle of floor heating has been maintained, and it would also be meaningful in terms of architectural exchanges between East and West, if considered along with Wright's application of the Korean heating principle to his houses since 1930s.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-134
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• 2012

Balhae(698~926) was the ancient state which opened the Nambuk-guk period with the Unified Silla. But Balhae architecture began to included in the history of Korean architecture only about 15 years ago, such as the books written by Yun Jang-seop or Ju Nam-cheol. I discussed four issues related to Balhae architecture in this paper. First, I criticized the excavation report of 24 stones remains at Jiangdong in Duhua city, and I asserted the ondol site belonged to different period. Second, I also interpreted that the building found on the tombs no.13 and no.14, in the Longhai burial area in Helong city must be a wooden stupa. Third, Balhae played some important roles in the history of ondol. It developed Koguryeo ondol in terms of structure, gave an opportunity to the ruling class to adopt ondol for the first time, and passed the heating system down to the Jurchen, the ancestor of the modern Manchurian. Fourth, the Russian-Korean joint research team excavated seven building sites in Koksharovka 1 fortress from Russian territory these four years, and it is reasonable to assume the fortress was the center of Anbyeon-bu, one of 15 local government districts in Balhae. I guess this buildings were the royal shrine built by resisters after the fall of Balhae, and the vessel stands found there must be used for ancestral memorial ceremony inside them.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.103-113
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• 1995

This paper is a part of "The Study of The Traditional Korean Ethnic Farmhousing in Yanbian China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activities of the Chung-ji-kan(the combined kitchen and major ondol living room). Of the traditional farmhouse. It is based on a survey of 124 households in the farm villages of Lungching China. Survey research methods included a field study in Dallajae. A questionnaire was used to conduct this study. The major findings are : 1) the average family is 3.25 persons and the nuclear family type is prevalent; 2) the building plan of the farmhouse is the Ham-Kyoung-Do `double file` dwelling type, the average 5.2kan(51.1m2) house: 3) the Chung-ji-kan ondol is the important center of activities for the farm family: thus the sitting life style of Korean ondol culture continues in Yanbian, China.hina.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

In this study, we compared a plain mortar with the CAS-system shrinkage compensation mortar for Ondol that is Korean traditional heating system. The Ondol mortar is necessary to have properties as non-crack, fine flatness and stability for thermal changes. especially, mortar'crack prevention is to be most important property in Ondol mortar. To develope the stable material on the crack-prevention, we used to calcium-sulfo-aluminate(CSA)system in shrinkage compensation mortar. And so, we confirmed the effects of calcium-sulfo-aluminate(CSA) system for mortar's physical properties such as setting time, compressive strength and expansion ratio for crack prevention. The initial and final setting time of the CSA mortar is faster than plain mortar about 2hours. And, Compressive strength increased about 20% that plain mortar. The crack length per unit area, plain mortar is 0.426∼0.481m/m2. The Results of apartment construction field test, the shrinkage compensation mortar is excellent about the crack-reduce effect.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.680-687
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to improve the control performance of Ondol system which causes overheating and underheating with 2-position on/off control. For this, a predictive control that determines the suitable on/off positions using Artificial Neural Network(ANN) model was proposed Dynamic analyses using computer simulation show that the neural network used in the predictive control is adapted to each room whose loads variation and thermal characteristics are different. To examine the applicability of this predictive control with ANN it was compared with 2-position on/off control through experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.689-689
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• 2010

Since the apartment was built by Korea National Housing Cooperation in 1961, the amount of its supply has been increased greatly, especially from the late 70's. Recently there are many ongoing studies regarding sustainable construction apartment in Korea, one of the research is developing sustainable apartment that has longer life cycle. Also according as life's quality of residents is upgrading, complain for impact noise and plumbing system noise from upstair or downstair are increasing more and more. To solve this complains, government established impact noise standard as lightweight impact noise of 58dB, heavyweight impact noise of 50dB and presented standard floor system or recognition floor system to satisfy this impact noise standard. So in this study, the aim is to develop dry ondol access floor system for sustainable apartment which have pleasant and quiet life environment.