• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

Purpose : The relationship between environmental PH on the radiation induced-apoptosis in SCK mammary adenocarcinoma cells and cell cycle dependence was investigated. Material and Methods : Mammary adenocarcinoma cells of A/J mice(SCK cells) in exponential growth phase were irradiated with a $l37^Cs$ irradiator at room temperature. The cells were irradiated 1 hour after the media was replaced with fresh media at a different pHs. After incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 0-48 h, the extent of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The progression of cells through the cell cycle after irradiation in different pHs was also determined with flow cytometry. Bssults : The induction of apoptosis by irradiation in pH 6.6 medium was markedly less than that in pH 7.5 medium. When the cells were irradiated and maintained in pH 7.5 medium, the percentage of cells in $G_2/M$ phase rapidly increased to about $70\%$ at 12 h after an exposure to 120y and returned to control level by 36 h. The percentage of cells in G1 phase decreased as the percentage of cells in $G_2/M$ increased. On the other hand, in pH 6.6 medium the percentage of cells in G2/M phases gradually increased to about $45\%$ at 24 h after 12Gy irradiation and then slowly recessed and consequently, as much as $30-35\%$ of the cells were still in the Ga/M phase 48 h after irradiation. The percentage of cells in G1 phase then increased as the Ga/M arrest began to recede. The radiation-induced Ga/M arrest in PH 0.0 medium lasted markedly longer than that in pH 7.5 medium. Conclusion : Radiation-induced apoptosis in SCK tumor cells are reversely suppressed in an acidic environment. Radiation-induced Ga/M arrest is prolonged in an acidic environment indicating that the suppression of radiation-induced apoptosis and prolongation of radiation-induced Ga/M arrest in an acidic environment are related.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.73-84
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• 2017

Purpose - Over recent years, O2O and shared economy have been an eye-catching topic. Many researches on O2O and shared economy have been published gradually. The emerging enterprise of chauffeured car services developed rapidly in the past two years. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the influencing factors of use intention of the chauffeured car services users. Through active use of O2O and shared economy, put up with operation strategy in line with their use intention. Research design, data, and methodology - After collecting 324 respondents in China with questionnaires, this study begin the empirical research with users of Chauffeured Car Services, and analyzes data with IBM SPSS 24.0 and IBM AMOS 24.0. Results - Personal Propensity to Trust significantly affects the Initial Trust of chauffeured car services users. Firm Reputation significantly affects the Initial Trust and use intention of chauffeured car services users. Initial Trust significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. Performance Expectancy and Effort Expectancy significantly affect chauffeured car services users' use intention. Social Influence also significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. Conclusions - First, Initial Trust significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. Thus, the enterprise should make efforts to improve users' initial trust in order to attract their attention. For this reason, chauffeured car services enterprises should conduct questionnaires to deeply explore what needs can improve users' initial trust. Second, performance expectancy and effort expectancy significantly affect chauffeured car services users' use intention. When users enjoy chauffeured car services, they attach great importance to the convenience, simplicity and efficiency, which reflects that chauffeured car services' desire for greater development in the O2O and shared economy market. Therefore, they need to grasp users' needs (convenience, simplicity and efficiency) and carefully improve the quality of chauffeured car services. Finally, social influence also significantly affects the use intention of chauffeured car services users. It means friend recommendation or mass media influences users' intention. So, it is more important to increase differentiated benefits, advertising and publicity of chauffeured car services.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2008

One bacterium, which showed strong antagonistic activity against H. pylori KCCM 41756, was isolated from kimchi. The strain NO1 was designated as Lactobacillus plantarum NO1 based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture medium $(2{\sim}4{\mu}g/ml)$ of Lb. plantarum NO1 reduced $(40{\sim}60%)$ the urease activity of H. pylori KCCM 41756. Lb. plantarum NO1 inhibited the binding of H. pylori to human gastric cancer cell line, AGS cells, by more than 33%. Lb. plantarum NO1 exhibited high viability (maintained initial viable cell count of $10^9CFU/ml$) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for 2 h, in artificial gastricjuice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24 h. Hemolysis phenomena did not observed when Lb. plantarum NO1 was incubated in the blood agar media. We concluded that Lb. plantarum NO1 can be a good candidate as a probiotic, harboring anti-H. pylori activity.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.692-702
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• 2009

Real-time virtual studios which could run only on expensive workstations are now available for personal computers thanks to the recent development of graphics hardware. Nevertheless, graphics are rendered off-line in the post production stage in film or TV drama productions, because the graphics' quality is still restricted by the real-time hardware. Software-based camera tracking methods taking only the source video into account take much computation time, and often shows unstable results. To overcome this restriction, we propose a system that stores camera motion data from sensors at shooting time as common virtual studios and uses them in the post production stage, named as POVIS(post virtual imaging system). For seamless registration of graphics onto the camera video, precise zoom lens calibration must precede the post production. A practical method using only two planar patterns is used in this work. We present a method to reduce the camera sensor's error due to the mechanical mismatch, using the Kalman filter. POVIS was successfully used to track the camera in a documentary production and saved much of the processing time, while conventional methods failed due to lack of features to track.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2004

A finite element method is used to simulate interaction of laser-based ultrasounds with surface breaking tracks in elastic media. The laser line source focused on the surface of semi-infinite medium is modeled as a shear dipole in 2-D plane strain finite elements. The shear dipole-finite clement model is found to give correct directivity patterns for generated longitudinal and shear waves. The interaction of surface waves with surface breaking cracks (2-D machined slot) is considered in two ways. Both the source and receiver are fixed with respect to the cracks in the first case, while the source is moving in another case. It is shown that the crack depth tested in the range of 0.3-5.0mm $({\lambda}_R/d=0.21{\sim}3.45)$ can be measured using the corner reflected waves produced by the fixed laser source. The moving laser source is found to cause a large amplitude change of reflected waves near crack, and the crack whose depth is one order lower than the wavelength ran be detected from this change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 1998

This study was conducted to screen the biological activity of urushiol in the sap of lac tree(Rhus verniciflua STOKES) which has been used in traditional folk remedies. Cytotoxic activity of urushiol was screened with L1210(mouse luekemia cell), PC-9(human lung adenocarcinoma cell), A427(human lung adenocarcinoma cell) and KATO III (human stomach adenocarcinoma cell) The stepwise hexane : acetone eluent fractions of the urushiol were obtained by the silica gel adsorption column chromatography and added to the culture media containing L1210, PC-9. A427, and KATO III, respectively. A hexane : acetone(90 : 10, v/v) eluent fraction of them showed the lowest 50% inhibition concentration($IC_{50}$) of $0.018{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for the cell line of A427. Much lower level of $IC_{50}$ of the hexane : acetone(90 : 10, v/v) eluent fraction of the urushiol showed the equal inhibition effect with tetraplatin(i.e., anti-cancer drug of platinum complexes) on the cancer cell lines as follows ; 3.4 times lower for L1210, 3.9 times lower for PC-9, and 105.5 times lower for A427. However, $IC_{50}$ of the hexane : acetone(90 : 10 v/v) eluent fraction for KATO III was exceptionally 3.9 times higher than that of tetraplatin.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is to report the operating result of the Hospice Cyber Counselling Program for improving quality of lift for terminal patients and their families. Methods: This study was performed followed by counsellor training, building strategy of public relations, management, and evaluation of the effect in order. Results: 72 subjects visited our cyber homepage and became members for approximately 9 months from Oct. 2004 to July 2005; 17 subjects in their 20s (23.6%), 12 subjects in their 30s (16.7%), 17 subjects in their 40s (23.6%), and 13 subjects above 50s (18%). Classified by diagnose related group, cancer related disease consist of 90%. As for the relationship between contents of counselling and counselling applicants, families consist of 90% and self-applicants only 10%. Only 30 members used on-line counselling and their counselling frequency was just 35 times. Although counselling frequency and the number of members who used the counselling site were not high, they tend to contact with a counsellor continuously and use the site actively after the first counselling. Conclusion: Cyber counselling program for hospice was practically managed to improve quality of life for terminal patients and their families as a basic activity for hospice business activation. Basic public relations with regard to hospice business by mass media and the press should be performed continuously and the hospice training program is required for medical personnel to be continue.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2015

The water supplied from dental unit water systems (DUWS) in dentistry may be heavily contaminated with bacteria and thus may be a potential source of infection for both practice staff and patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of heterotrophic bacteria and to confirm the presence of opportunistic pathogens from DUWS in student clinical simulation laboratory of college of dentistry. Water samples were collected from 36 ultrasonic scalers in student clinical simulation laboratory. The levels of heterotrophic bacteria in water samples were quantified by counting colony forming units (CFUs) on R2A agar media. In addition, opportunistic pathogens were detected by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The mean CFUs were 16,095 CFU/ml for water samples and all of water samples exceeded current American Dental Association recommendations of 200 CFU/ml. Pseudomonas species and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species were detected in the one sample and two samples, respectively, among the 36 water samples by the PCR with specific primers for these bacteria. Our study indicated that DUWS in student clinical simulation laboratory can cause potential infection in students and participants. This study suggested the dental unit water line management and wearing personal protective equipment in student clinical simulation laboratory will be needed to reduce bacterial contamination.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

Online transactions are more familiar in various fields due to the development of the ICT and the increase in trading platforms. In particular, the amount of transactions is increasing due to the increase in used transaction platforms and users, and reliability is very important due to the nature of used transactions. Among them, the used car market is very active because automobiles are operated over a long period of time. However, used car transactions are a representative market to which information asymmetry is applied. In this paper presents a DID-based transaction model that guarantees reliability to solve problems with false advertisements and false sales in used car transactions. In the used car transaction model, sellers only register data issued by the issuing agency to prevent false sales at the time of initial sales registration. It is authenticated with DID Auth in the issuance process, it is safe from attacks such as sniping and middleman attacks. In the presented transaction model, integrity is verified with VP's Proof item to increase reliability and solve information asymmetry. Also, through direct transactions between buyers and sellers, there is no third-party intervention, which has the effect of reducing fees.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.81-96
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• 2013

Video information retrieval has become a very important issue because of the explosive increase in video data from Web content development. Meanwhile, content-based video analysis using visual features has been the main source for video information retrieval and browsing. Content in video can be represented with content-based analysis techniques, which can extract various features from audio-visual data such as frames, shots, colors, texture, or shape. Moreover, similarity between videos can be measured through content-based analysis. However, a movie that is one of typical types of video data is organized by story as well as audio-visual data. This causes a semantic gap between significant information recognized by people and information resulting from content-based analysis, when content-based video analysis using only audio-visual data of low level is applied to information retrieval of movie. The reason for this semantic gap is that the story line for a movie is high level information, with relationships in the content that changes as the movie progresses. Information retrieval related to the story line of a movie cannot be executed by only content-based analysis techniques. A formal model is needed, which can determine relationships among movie contents, or track meaning changes, in order to accurately retrieve the story information. Recently, story-based video analysis techniques have emerged using a social network concept for story information retrieval. These approaches represent a story by using the relationships between characters in a movie, but these approaches have problems. First, they do not express dynamic changes in relationships between characters according to story development. Second, they miss profound information, such as emotions indicating the identities and psychological states of the characters. Emotion is essential to understanding a character's motivation, conflict, and resolution. Third, they do not take account of events and background that contribute to the story. As a result, this paper reviews the importance and weaknesses of previous video analysis methods ranging from content-based approaches to story analysis based on social network. Also, we suggest necessary elements, such as character, background, and events, based on narrative structures introduced in the literature. We extract characters' emotional words from the script of the movie Pretty Woman by using the hierarchical attribute of WordNet, which is an extensive English thesaurus. WordNet offers relationships between words (e.g., synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms, antonyms). We present a method to visualize the emotional pattern of a character over time. Second, a character's inner nature must be predetermined in order to model a character arc that can depict the character's growth and development. To this end, we analyze the amount of the character's dialogue in the script and track the character's inner nature using social network concepts, such as in-degree (incoming links) and out-degree (outgoing links). Additionally, we propose a method that can track a character's inner nature by tracing indices such as degree, in-degree, and out-degree of the character network in a movie through its progression. Finally, the spatial background where characters meet and where events take place is an important element in the story. We take advantage of the movie script to extracting significant spatial background and suggest a scene map describing spatial arrangements and distances in the movie. Important places where main characters first meet or where they stay during long periods of time can be extracted through this scene map. In view of the aforementioned three elements (character, event, background), we extract a variety of information related to the story and evaluate the performance of the proposed method. We can track story information extracted over time and detect a change in the character's emotion or inner nature, spatial movement, and conflicts and resolutions in the story.