• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

There is some evidence that phytostrogen plays an important role in bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. In this study, we investigated the phytoestrogen intake levels and the relation between dietary phytoestrogens intake and bone mineral density of vegetarian (n = 77) and omnivore postmenopausal women (n = 122 . Vegetarian women, all of them were seven day adventists, who had been on vegetarian diet (almost lacto-ovo vegetarians;a few vegans) oyer 20 yrs. The average age of vegetarians and omnivores were 62.3 yrs and 60.2 yrs, respectively and, there was no significant difference. However, body weight (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0.001) of vegetarians were significantly lower than those of omnivores. The mean daily energy intake of vegetarians and omnivores were 1386.1 kcal (76.3% of RDA) and 1424.5 kcal (76.9% of RDA), respectively. The mean calcium intake of vegetarians (456.7 mg, 66.3 % of RDA) was not significantly different from that of omnivores (453.5 mg, 65.2 % of RDA). The mean daily isoflavones (daidzein +genistein) intake of vegetarians and omnivore were 33.9 mg and 23.9 mg, respectively. The vegetarians consumed significantly greater quantities of isoflavones (p < 0.05) and lignans precursor (p < 0.05). In the vegetarians, intake of isoflavones was significantly positively correlated with BMD of femoral neck, after adjusted for age and BMI. Also lignan precursor intake of vegetarians was significantly positively correlated with BMD of spine, after adjusted for age and BMI. In conclusion, in omnivore post menopausal women, intake of phytoestrogen such as isoflavones and lignans was little low, and it is not clear that positive association with bone mineral density. But in vegetarian postmenopausal women, phytoestrogen intakes be important factors related to bone mineral density.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2002

This study compared the effect of Korean vegetarian and omnivorous diets on plasma carnitine concentrations and urinary carnitine excretion. Twenty lactoovovegetarian and twenty omnivorous female college students consented to participate in this study. Daily nutritional intake and plasma and urinary nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acid-soluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC), and total carnitine (TCNE) were determined. Daily protein, fat, retinol, vitamin B$_2$and vitamin B$\_$12/ intakes were significantly lower for vegetarians, however, fiber, carbohydrate, $\beta$-carotene, folic acid and vitamin C consumptions were much higher for vegetarians than omnivores. There were no differences in plasma NEC, ASAC, AIAC and TCNE concentrations between the two groups. Urinary carnitine excretion was lower in vegetarians, but only the differences in ASAC and TCNE excretions were statistically significant. These results suggest that the lower excretion of ASAC in vegetarians may be a reflection of their lipid metabolic state and that Korean vegetarian diets may accommodate lower carnitine intakes through efficient urinary conservation of carnitine.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.368-373
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• 1998

Plasma amino acid concentration and Urinary exretion of free amino acids were measured in health female vegetarians(n=20, 19.9 $\pm$0.43 years old ) and age-mateched imnivores(n=20, 21.9$\pm$0.38years old) in Korean. differences infasting plasma amino acid concentrations and plasma aminogram pattern were not spectacular between the vegetarian and omnivore controls. Compared to the omnivores, vegetarians showed significantly lower plasma levels of methionine , phenylalanine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, citrulline, phosposerine and tarurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminobutyrate, cirtrulline, phosphosierine and taurine, and significantly higher plasma concentrations of arginine, $\alpha$-aminoadipate, asparagine, aspartate, glutamate and ornithine. Although these differences were statistically significant, they were all within the normal range (21~70% differences )for human adults. Most of the urinary amino acids (nmol/mg creatinine or $\mu$mol/24 hr urine) were excreted to significantly lesser degree in vegetarians than was the case in omnivore controls. For almost every individual free amino acid, plasma concentration did not significantly correlate with urinary excretion level. These results indicate that vegetarians excreted less amino acids in their urine than did dominivores, most probably in an effort to maintain amino acid homeostasis to an altered dietary protein intake level and/or amino acid composition of their diets.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.546-552
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to analyze fish compositions, based on trophic guilds and tolerance guilds and determine community characteristics structure at five sampling sites of Yeongsan Lake during July 2006-May 2007. Total number of species sampled was 30 species and the number was 1350. Cyprinidae (77%) and Centrarchidae (15.7%) dominated the community and then followed by Cobitidae(2.7%), Gobiidae(2.4%), Mugilidae (0.5%), and others (0.1%). The relative abundance of tolerant and omnivore species at all sites was 63% and 77% of the total, respectively, suggesting an ecological degradations in the Lake. Exotics species such as large mouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which is a top-carnivore in the water distributed at all sampling sites, implying that ecological disturbance was severe based on previous reference of US EPA (1991). Also, we found external anomalies such as external deformities, bleeding and tumors and not found migratory fish. Analysis of fish community structure showed that species diversity index and richness index was the highest in Site 1 and the dominance index was the highest in Site 2. In this study, high proportions of tolerant species and omnivore species, widespread exotic species, and frequent observations of abnormal fish. Such problems may be directly or indirectly associated with high nutrient enrichments and the reduced flow velocity by the dam construction. The ecosystem restoration by dam removal or removal of exotic top-carnivore fish may be one of the best strategies for better lak management.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

This study identifies the perceptions and choice attributes toward plant-based foods and identifies the differences between vegetarians and omnivores. We conducted an online survey of 245 vegetarians and 246 omnivores. The results reveal a significant difference between vegetarians and omnivores. Compared to omnivores, vegetarians perceived that plant-based food products would be 'good taste', 'animal-friendly', and 'consistent with their personal value'. Omnivore scores were higher in the perception that it would be 'good for health' and 'environment-friendly'. No statistically significant difference was obtained between both diet groups when considering the factor of nutrition. When considering choice as an attribute for plant-based food products, vegetarians responded that 'ingredients' were the most important, while omnivores responded that 'taste' was the most important. These results can be used as basic data for developing and promoting plant-based food products in South Korea.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권spc호
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• pp.100-115
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• 2014

본 연구는 2007년 11월부터 2010년 9월까지 2차 하천부터 6차하천까지 하천 차수에 따라 총 51개의 지점을 7회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 12과 55종이었으며, 전체 지점에서 참갈겨니 (Zacco koreanus)가 우점하고, 피라미 (Zacco platypus)가 아우점 하였다. 또한 천연기념물 1종 (1.8%), 환경부지정 멸종위기야생동물 2급 6종(10.9%), 한국고유종 22종(40.0%)이 확인되었다. 하천차수가 2차하천에서 6차하천으로 증가할수록 종수, 다양도지수, 균등도지수, 종풍부도지수, 내성종, 잡식종이 증가하며, 개체수, 우점도지수, 민감종, 충식종, IBI종합 지수는 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 주성분 분석결과 각 지점들의 분포양상은 종수, 개체수, 군집지수, 내성종, 민감종, 잡식종, 충식종에 따라 상류와 하류로 구분이 되었다. 다변량 상관관계 분석결과 하천차수와 다변수(종수, 다양도지수, 잡식종, 하폭, 수심, 수온)는 유의미한 양의 상관관계가 나타났다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.272-277
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• 2012

거문도 연안해역에서 채집된 말쥐치(Thamnaconus modestus) 172개체의 식성을 분석하였다. 말쥐치의 표준체장 (SL)은 16~39 cm 범위였다. 말쥐치의 위내용물을 분석한 결과 곤봉바다맨드라미류 (Neptheidae), 해조류 (Algae), 만각류 (Thoracica), 복족류 (Gastropoda)와 같은 저서생물 (benthos)을 주로 섭식하는 잡식성(Omnivore)어류였으며, 그 외에 해면류 (Desm ospongia), 단각류 (Amphipoda) 등도 섭식하였지만 그 양은 많지 않았다. 말쥐치는 섭식형태와 특성을 분석한 결과, 다양한 먹이생물을 섭식하는 섭식일반종 (generalist)이었다. 체장 33 cm 이상의 체장군을 제외한 전 체장군에서는 곤봉바다맨드라미류와 해조류의 섭식율이 높았다. 체장 33 cm 이상의 체장군에서는 만각류의 섭식율은 증가 하였으나, 곤봉바다맨드라미류의 섭식율은 감소하였다. 체장 33 cm 이상의 개체군에서는 0.34의 값을 보여 낮은 중복도를 나타냈으며, 그 외의 체장군에서는 0.6 이상의 값을 보여, 비교적 높은 중복도를 보였다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2006

진동만 잘피밭에 서식하는 그물코쥐치의 먹이습성의 일별변화를 조사하였다. 출현한 그물코쥐치는 1.6~4.3 cm SL의 범위였으며, 주요 먹이생물은 단각류에 속하는 옆새우류, 잘피, 갯지렁이류, 그리고 미삭동물이었다. 그물코쥐치의 먹이습성의 일별변화는 뚜렷하였다. 낮에는 잘피와 옆새우류를 주로 먹은 잡식성을, 밤에는 옆새우류, 갯지렁이류, 그리고 미삭동물을 주로 먹는 육식성을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 낮보다는 밤에 이들 먹이생물의 활동이 활발하여 그물코쥐치가 섭이하기가 용이하였던 것으로 판단된다. 또한 그물코쥐치의 섭이활동은 저조보다는 고조에 활발하였다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 월평공원 주변의 수생태계 보존을 위해 공원지역을 포함한 갑천의 3개 지점을 선정하여 2010~2011년 동안 총 5회에 걸쳐 어류상, 군집분석 및 길드분석을 실시하였다. 총 31종 2,667개체가 채집되었으며, 전체 어종 중 주요 우점종은 피라미 (Zacco platypus) 46.6% 및 납자루 (Acheilognathus lanceolatus) 8.7%로서 이 두 종은 전체의 50%를 상회하였다. 한국 고유종으로는 돌마자 (Microphysogobio yaluensis)를 포함하여 총 10종이고 개체수 상대풍부도는 8.7%로 나타났다. 또한 법정보호종으로는 천연기념물 454호인 미호종개 (Iksookimia choii) 1종 3개체가 채집되었다. 군집분석 결과에 따르면, 종 풍부도 지수 (species richness index)는 다른 지점에 비해 많은 종이 출현한 중류구간($M_r$)에서 3.145로 높게 나타났으며, 상류구간($U_r$)에서 2.180로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 종 다양도 지수 (species diversity index)는 상류구간($U_r$) 1.785, 중류구간 ($M_r$) 1.975, 하류구간 ($D_r$) 1.660으로 나타나 중 하류 구간에서 유입되는 대전 도심의 점오염원 및 비점오염원에 의한 영향이 분명하게 나타났다. 어류의 내성도 길드 (Tolerance guild) 분석에 따르면, 내성종이 전체 중 64.2%를 차지하였고, 반면, 민감종은 3.3%로 나타나 단연 내성종이 우세하게 나타났다. 섭식 길드 (Trophic guild) 분석 측면에서는 잡식종 (Omnivore species)은 64.0%, 충식종 (Insectivore species)은 29.3%의 구성비를 보여 잡식종 우점현상이 뚜렷했다. 대도심 공원에 다양한 한국 고유종 및 천연기념물이 서식하고 있으므로, 향후 공원이 서식지 보존지역으로 지정되어 관리 보존되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

Feeding habits of Rudarius ercodes collected from a Zostera marina bed in Jindong Bay, Korea were studied. R. ercodes was a omnivore which consumed mainly gammarid amphipods, polychaetes and eelgrass (z. marina). Its diets also included a small amount of copepods, urochordates and caprellid amphipods. R. ercodes showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Small individuals less than 2cm SL fed mainly on copepods, however, gammarid amphipods and polychaetes were heavily selected with increasing fish size. The consumption of eelgrass by R. ercodes was $10-20\%$ all size classes. The dietary breadth of R. ercodes were varied with fish size