• 대한간호
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.78-92
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• 1994

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the results of the hospital self inspection with the medical insurance and to offer basic materials to the medical insurance inspection and the education of medical insurance. The study was undertaken with 4,730 cases among the total 13,810 medical insurance in patients from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1990 at one university hospital in Pusan. The major contents of the inspection were the omission of diagnosis and medical fee, curtailment, application mistake, the rates of inclusion, subtraction and total accumulation. The data were collected using patients charts and bills. The results of the paper analysis were as follows. 1. From the pre-discharge hospital self inspection, major omission were treatment and material fee but medication fee were moderately high and high curtailment was operation fee. 2. Decreasing order of operation fee adjustment were digestive(22.4%) muscular(22%) and neuro system operation(21.4%). Majority of the medication fee adjustments were injection form of medication(95.7%). 50% of the treatment fee adjustments were composed of injection fee(27.9%) and dressing or post-operative dressing fee(22.3%). 74.7% of material costs were composed of oxygen(30.6%), blood and the blood composed materials(44.1%). 3. Pre-discharge inspection showed 6% adjustment rate, 4.3% addition and 2.1% curtailment rate. Most of the adjustment were omission(66.1%). 4. Omission were divided by event omission(92.6%)and application mistake(7.4%). The decreasing order of omission fee were operation(21.84%), treatment(18.71 %) diagnosis(18.68%), medication (14.53%) and material costs(10.84%). So operation and treatment part were the major part of the total omission fee(40.55%). 5. The average omission of diagnosis were 1,800 per month.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2023

The metal bush assembling process is a process of inserting and compressing a metal bush that serves to reduce the occurrence of noise and stable compression in the rotating section. In the metal bush assembly process, the head diameter defect and placement defect of the metal bush occur due to metal bush omission, non-pressing, and poor press-fitting. Among these causes of defects, it is intended to prevent defects due to omission of the metal bush by using signals from sensors attached to the facility. In particular, a metal bush omission is predicted through various data mining techniques using left load cell value, right load cell value, current, and voltage as independent variables. In the case of metal bush omission defect, it is difficult to get defect data, resulting in data imbalance. Data imbalance refers to a case where there is a large difference in the number of data belonging to each class, which can be a problem when performing classification prediction. In order to solve the problem caused by data imbalance, oversampling and composite sampling techniques were applied in this study. In addition, simulated annealing was applied for optimization of parameters related to sampling and hyper-parameters of data mining techniques used for bush omission prediction. In this study, the metal bush omission was predicted using the actual data of M manufacturing company, and the classification performance was examined. All applied techniques showed excellent results, and in particular, the proposed methods, the method of mixing Random Forest and SA, and the method of mixing MLP and SA, showed better results.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

본 논문은 배전선에 설치하는 내뢰설비인 가공지선과 피뢰기의 특성과 생략 방안에 대하여 언급하였다. 특히, 피뢰기의 중간 상을 생략하는 방안에 대하여 EMTP 시뮬레이션을 실시하여 생략시 나타날 수 있는 문제점과 생략 방안에 대해 기술하였으며, 가공지선은 지정된 경우에는 생략이 가능하고 피뢰기는 중간 상을 생략시 건전상의 피뢰기 용량을 재검토해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1972

The effects of omission of buffers from Krebs-Ringer medium on contractile activity, membrane potentials and ATP content of electrically stimulated isolated rat atria were investigated. 1) Contractile status: A rapid and marked depression of the contractile activity of atria occurred when buffer-free medium was substituted for the normal Krebs-Ringer medium. 2) Electrical status: The omission of buffers from medium did not alter the resting or action potential magnitudes of atria. However, the action potential duration was on initial increase followed by a decrease in the buffer-free medium. 3) ATP concentration: The omission of buffers from medium resulted in a marked decrease in the ATP levels of atria. It has been also found in the present study that bicarbonate buffer plays an important role for the maintenance of the contractility and ATP levels of the heart. The contractile depression by the omission of buffers was not directly associated with electrical alterations in resting or action potentials of the heart. In the absence of bicarbonate-buffer, glucose no longer plays to maintain the contractile activity and the ATP levels of rat atria.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to analyze consonant articulation errors produced by 90 speakers with cerebral palsy (CP). Phonetic transcriptions were made for 37 single-word utterances containing 70 phonemes: 48 initial consonants and 22 final consonants. Errors of substitution, omission, and distortion were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm showing the visualization of error patterns. Results showed that substitution errors in initial and final consonants were most frequent, followed by omission and distortion. Consonant omission occurred more frequently on final consonants. In both initial and final consonants, the within-place errors were more prominent than the within-manner errors. The current results suggest that consonant confusion matrices for dysarthric speech may provide useful information for evaluating speech intelligibility and developing automatic speech recognition system of adults with CP associated dysarthria.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2007

Introduction of lidar technology have contributed to a wide range of applications in generating quality surface models. Accordingly, because of the importance of terrain surface models in mapping applications, rigorous studies have been performed to extract ground points from a lidar data point cloud. Although most filters have been shown abilities to extract ground points with their parameters tuned, however, most experiments revealed that there are certain limitations in optimizing filter parameters and the correction of remaining misclassified points is not straightforward. In this study, therefore, a method to improve the quality of filtered lidar data is proposed, which exploits neighboring surface properties arising between immediate neighbors. The method comprises a sequence of procedures which can reduce commission and omission errors. Commission errors occurring in low-rise objects are reduced by utilizing morphological operations. On the other hand, omission errors are reduced by adding missing ground points around step edges. Experimental results show that the qualities of filtered data can be improved considerably by the proposed method.

• 의료법학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.319-382
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• 2008

As a withdrawing care's study, the purpose of this study is searching about withdrawing care's acceptance and circumstances through Bora-mae hospital case(chapter 1). Withdrawing life-sustaining treatment has various forms. Though the meaning of euthanasia, death with dignity, natural death, physician assisted suicide are duplicated, the meaning of those are different slightly. Firstly, this study looks about the difference of the those meaning and acceptance range(condition) by withdrawing care's forms(chapter 2). Bora-mae hospital case sentenced guilty about physician who discharged incompetent patient who was after surgery by patient's wife determination. This Bora-mae case that sentenced guilty about discharge against medical advise(DAMA) that is regarded to custom has brought intensive confliction of legal, social, medical aspect, Bora-mae hospital case has many legal problems. First, as to criminal law rule 250(murder), the problem is whether discharge and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment is commission or omission. this study concluded omission(district court: omission, appeal, supreme court: commission). Because legal denounce point of discharge and medical treatment withdrawing is omission that physician who is obligatory on patient to cure. If physician's act is regarded omission, it is necessary to determine whether he has guardian status and obligation. Without guardian status and obligation, omission crime can't exist. This study decided that physician had guardian status and obligation and foundation of guardian status was pre-action or acceptance of emergency patient. Physician's medical treatment duty finished when patient(or patient's guardian) demands discharge. But when patient death is foreseen and other possible treatment does not exist, his duty of life prolonging treatment does not finish. This originate from physician's social responsibility and public status that limits patient's private liberty. This study regarded physician's action as accomplice about whether physician's discharging action is accomplice or the principal offender(district court: the principal offender, appeal, supreme court: accomplice). Though the principal offender needs criminal determination and action, there is no this common determination and functional action control of physician in Bora-mae case(chapter 3). Bora-mae hospital case partly originated from deficiency of legal, institutive system including medical security system shortage, the instruction is 1. medical security system strengthening, 2. hospital ethical committee's activity strengthening, 3. institutionalization of withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, 4. acceptance of pre-decision making system, 5. sufficient persuasion of physician for patient and faithful writing of medical paper, 6. respect for patients' self-determination and rights, 7. consciousness's changing for withdrawing life-sustaining treatment and persistent education about medical ethics(chapter 4). Considering Bora-mae case, medical sector is not the dead ground of a criminal punishment. Intervention of criminal law in medical sector give rise to ill effect, that is, excess medical examination and treatment, safeguard treatment, delay of discharge from a hospital. Because sufficient guarantee of life becomes mere empty slogan under situation that impose a burden of heavy cost to family or hospital, public and systematic solution should be given(chapter 5).

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.99-124
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• 2009

요즈음 환경에 대한 교육적 의미와 그린제품의 보다 많은 확산과 환경보호의 차원에서 그린광고의 필요성과 중요성이 증가되고 있음에도 불구하고 광고 전략상의 문제로서 특히 그린광고에 대한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않은 점에 착안하여 소비자들의 환경에 대한 인식을 북돋우고 그린제품 구매자뿐만 아니라 비그린제품 구매자의 그린제품 구매를 유도한다는 차원에서 그린광고에 대한 연구를 하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 그린광고가 소비자태도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구로서 특히 메시지구조(결론생략/제시)측면과 관여를 고려한 상황에서 그린광고가 어떠한 메시지구조로 이루어져 있을 때 효과적인가를 알아보기 위해 그린/비그린제품 광고가 소비자의 인지/감정/행도에 대한 태도에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이는지를 알아보고, 그린/비그린제품 광고의 경우 메시지구조(결론생략/제시)에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이며 어떠한 메시지구조를 취할 때 광고의 효과가 나타나는지를 살펴본다. 그리고 그린/비그린제품 광고의 관여(고/저)에 따라 차이를 보이는지를 분석하고 어떤 상황에서 어떠한 메시지구조를 선택하는 것이 효과적인지를 살펴본다. 즉, 수많은 광고에 노출되고 있는 소비자들이 그린광고에 대해서는 어떠한 시각을 갖고 있으며 그린광고의 형태에 메시지의 결론을 제시해서 설득적인 의도를 표현하는 것이 효과적인지 메시지의 결론을 생략해서 설득적인 의도를 숨기고 소비자들이 스스로 추론하고 정보탐색을 하도록 하는 메시지구조가 그린광고의 형태에 효과적인지를 밝혀서 앞으로의 그린광고의 제작 및 메시지구조 측면에 있어서 그린광고의 효과와 개선에 도움을 주고 그럼으로써 많은 그린제품 확산에도 기여하고자한다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2006

목 적: 시각 주의력과 청각 주의력에서 차이를 보이는 주의력결핍 과잉활동장애(ADHD) 아동의 인지 기능 및 정서, 행동 문제에 대해 연구하고자 한다. 방 법: 동반 질환이 없는 ADHD 아동 98명을 대상으로 '주의력장애 진단시스템(ADS)' 을 실시하여 시각 주의력과 청각 주의력을 측정한 뒤, ADS의 누락 오류와 오경보 오류를 이용하여 이들을 1) 청각 누락 오류 및 오경보 오류가 시각 누락 오류 및 오경보 오류보다 높은 군(AA군) 2) 시각 누락 오류 및 오경보 오류가 청각 누락 오류 및 오경보 오류보다 높은 군(VV군) 3) 1), 2)에 해당하지 않는 군(M군)의 3개 군으로 분류하였다. 세 군 간에 '한국판 웩슬러 아동용 지능 검사(KEDI-WISC)' 의 소검사 결과와 '한국판 아동-청소년 행동평가척도(K-CBCL)' 의 여러 하위 소척도의 점수를 비교하였다. 또한, 전체 아동을 대상으로 시각 누락 오류, 청각 누락 오류, 시각 오경보 오류, 청각 오경보 오류와 KEDI-WISC의 소검사 점수, K-CBCL의 하위 영역 점수 간의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 결 과: 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) AA군은 10명, M군은 32명, VV군은 56명이었다. 2) KEDI-WISC의 소검사 점수 비교에서는 VV군의 점수가 나머지 두 군보다 높았다. 특히 언어성 지능(p=.039)에서는 VV군이 AA군보다 유의하게 높았고 토막짜기(p=.015), Kaufman의 요인 2(p=.045), 동작성 지능(p=.004)에서는 VV군이 M군보다 유의하게 높았으며 전체 지능(p=.004)에서는 VV군이 M군 및 AA군보다 유의하게 높았다. 3) K-CBCL의 하위 소척도 점수 비교에서는 신체증상 소척도 점수를 제외한 전 영역에서 VV군의 점수가 나머지 두 군보다 높았다. 특히 사회성 소척도(p=.041)에서는 VV군이 AA군보다 유의하게 높았으며 위축 소척도(p=.021)에서는 VV군이 AA군보다 유의하게 낮았다. 4) 시각 누락 오류, 시각 오경보 오류와 KEDI-WISC의 소검사 점수 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 존재하지 않았다. 한편 청각 누락 오류, 청각 오경보 오류와 KEDI-WISC의 소검사 점수 간에는 유의한 상관관계를 보이는 영역이 매우 많았다. 5) 시각 누락 오류, 시각 오경보 오류와 K-CBCL의 소검사 점수 간에는 시각 누락 오류와 사고의 문제 소척도(r=.205, p=.043) 간에만 유의한 상관관계가 존재하였다. 청각 누락 오류와는 사회성 소척도(r=-.319, p=.001), 사회적 미성숙 소척도(r=.206, p=.042), 사고의 문제 소척도(r=.235, p=.021) 간에 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 청각 오경보 오류와는 사회성 소척도(r=-.241, p=.017) 및 주의집중문제 소척도(r=.235, p=.020) 간에 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론: 청각 주의력이 상대적으로 더 나은 ADHD 아동이 다른 아동에 비해 인지 기능이 더 좋고 정서 및 행동 문제가 적었다. 향후 시각 주의력과 청각 주의력에 차이를 보이는 ADHD 아동에 대해 보다 체계적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of sedimentation basin omission when installed hybrid membrane filtration process in the field plant with the capacity of $500m^3/day$ for 11 months in the "G", water purification plant in Seoul. In order to evaluate the possibility of the sedimentation basin omission, we measured the change of DOC by coagulant dosage. Dosage of PAC(power activated carbon) 4mg/L and coagulant($AI_2O_3$ 10%) 1.67mg/L were compatible to meet the water quality. Also according to the experiment without settlement process, optimization G values were determined to be 300/s, 64/s, and 32/s at the mixing tank, the first flocculator and the second flocculator, respectively. The test was performed under the conditions PAC-coagulation-no settlement-MF. As a result, a dosage of 4.0mg/L as PAC and 0.86 to 1.22mg/L as $Al_2O_3$(10%) in the condition of flux of 62.5LMH were determined to keep TMP value less than $1.0kg_f/cm^2$.