• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 1987

This study was designed to elucidate the lipid contents, neutral lipids components and fatty acid composition in fresh shellfishes, produced in Korea. Four kinds of shellfishes including sea mussel, short-necked clam, corb shell and and ark shell were selected according to the higher sales order and cheaper retail price at fish markets in Seoul in July 1985. The results abtained were as follows; 1. The average total lipid contents in four shellfishes were 2.3% by wet weight basis. The ratios of neutrial lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid in the total lipid were 51.1 : 4.9 : 44.0 in sea mussel, 66.0 : 3.2 : 30.8 in ark shell, 37.8 : 2.2 : 60.0 in short-necked clam and 54.5 : 2.0 : 53.5 in corb shell, 2. The average value of acid value, iodine value and unsaponifiables contents of total lipids were 1.3, 217.8, 92.0 and 20.3%, respectively. 3. The composition of the neutral lipids were triglycerides, esterified fatty acids, sterylesters, free sterols and monoglycerides in four shellfishes. 4. The major fatty acid composition of total lipids were palmitic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and palmitoleic acids in four shellfishes. The average total unsaturated fatty acids of total lipid were 64.5%, and $\omega$-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids were 27.0%. The average p/s Ratiio were 1.3.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.595-600
• /
• 1997

오징어 가공부산물인 오징어내장을 효과적으로 사용하기 위한 방법으로 내장에서의 지방 추출 및 추출지방의 특성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 원양산과 연안산의 총지방량은 각각 $30.50\%,\;30.25\%$였으며 중성지질은 $96.24\%,\;94.82\%$, 당지질은 $2.63\%,\;2.85\%$, 인지질은 $2.37\%,\;2.34\%$으로 나타났으며 콜레스테롤 함량은 $644mg\%,\;1,224mg\%$를 각각 나타내었다. 2) 원양산 및 연안산 오징어의 주요 지방산은 모두 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;4\omega6,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$으로 나타났으며 중성지방질의 획분조성도 서로 유사하여 품종간의 유의차가 인정되지 않았으나 두군 모두 free fatty acid 함량이 가장 높은 $44.01\%,\;39.63\%$를 각각 나타내었다. 3) 원양산의 분획별 주요지방산은 중성지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;4\omega6,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;5\omega3$, 인지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C16\;:\;1\omega7,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$ 당지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$으로 나타났다. 4) 연안산의 분획별 주요지방산은 중성지질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C20\;:\;4\omega6,\;C20\;:\;5\omega3,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$로 나타났으며 인지질획분에서는 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$로 당질획분에서 $C16\;:\;0,\;C18\;:\;1\omega9,\;C22\;:\;6\omega3$로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.102-108
• /
• 1989

[ $\omega3$ ] 고도불포화지방산의 투여가 체중변화, 단백질, 인지질 및 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 정어리유에서 분리한 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산, 식물유 및 동물성지방 (대조군)을 $10\%$가 되도록 첨가한 사료로써 실험동물에 6주간 투여하였다. 체중변화는 어유 투여군이 대조군에 비해 $11.1\%\~14.4\%$로 감소하였고, 또 식물유인 옥수수기름 투여군에 비해서는 $16.4\%\~23.3\%$로 감소하였다. 간장에서의 단백질 함량은 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산과 정어리 기름 투여군에 비해 $6.78\%\~8.51\%$로 약간 증가하였지만, 뇌 및 혈청에서는 유의성이 없었다. 간장의 마이크로좀에서의 인지질함량은 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산과 정어리 기름 투여군이 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 더우기 이들 어유 투여군은 대조군에 비해 혈청 콜레스테롤 함량이 효과적으로 감소되었다. 따라서 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산을 포함한 어유는 단백질 합성을 촉진함은 물론 체중 증가와 인지질 함량을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 콜레스테롤 함량을 효과적으로 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.1311-1319
• /
• 2009

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of soybean oil supplementation replacing tallow in pig diets at different stages of growth. One hundred and twenty crossbred (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs weighing 18 kg on average were selected. Pigs were randomly allotted to 12 pens of 10 pigs (5 pigs of each sex) each. Three pens were assigned to each of the four treatments: TA; tallow diet, TA-SO-80; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 80 kg average body weight, TA-SO-45; switched from tallow to soybean oil diet at 45 kg average body weight, and SO; soybean oil diet. Treatment SO was significantly lower in ADG than tallow diets (TA, TA-SO-80 and TA-SO-45) during the grower period (18 to 45 kg). However, treatment SO showed greatest compensation in ADFI and ADG during the finisher-2 period (after 80 kg body weight). ADFI and ADG and Gain/Feed for the total period were not significantly different among treatments. Loin area, back fat thickness, firmness and melting point of back fat were not significantly different. The levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein+very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were significantly lower in treatment SO than in treatments TA-SO-45, TA-SO-80 and TA. The level of serum triglyceride linearly increased as the length of the tallow feeding period increased. Serum immunoglobulin-G (IgG) level was significantly higher in the soybean oiltreatment than in other treatments. Major fatty acid composition of short rib muscle and back fat were significantly influenced by treatments. Contents of ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (C18:3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) linearly increased as the soybean oil feeding period increased. In conclusion, soybean oil can be supplemented to the diet of pigs without significant effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. The level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially $\omega-3$ fatty acids in the carcass was increased by soybean oil supplementation.

• 동아시아식생활학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 동아시아식생활학회 2004년도 참깨과학 국제학술대회 발표 논문집
• /
• pp.13-30
• /
• 2004

There are two groups of significant functional constituents in sesame seeds on the whole; one is the vegetable oils and another is the anti-oxidative compounds. However, although high amounts of major fatty acids are synthesized in sesame seeds, their composition is unfavorable because the contents of alpha- and gamma-linolenic acid, the essential fatty acids, are very low or do not produced in sesame seeds. So, to increase these fatty acids in sesame seeds, one strategy is to overexpress their genes, ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid desaturase for alpha-linolenic acid and delta-6 fatty acid desaturase for gamma-linolenid acid, in them. Another molecular target is to enhance alpha-tocopherol, vitamin E, because its content is very low in sesame seeds. The enzyme, gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase, catalyzes the conversion of gamma-tocophero to alpha-tocopherol. Overexpression of this enzyme in sesame seeds could be also a good molecular breeding target. Reduction of phytic acid is also another molecular target in sesame seeds because phosphorus pollution may be caused by its high content in sesame seeds. Accordingly, to do so, one of target enzymes could be myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase which is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of phytic aicd biosyntheses. In this lecture, a molecular strategy for development of value-added sesame crop is described in association with some results of our experiments involved in the molecular characterizations of the genes mentioned above.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.256-269
• /
• 2011

Omega-3 fatty acids are a specific type of unsaturated fat that the body cannot manufacture on its own, so they must be obtained from food which is essential fatty acids (EFAs). Omega-3 fatty acids consist of three types which are a-Linolenic Acid (ALA), Eicosapentaenoic (ELA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Especially, EFAs help to prevent skin and hair drying, acne, eczema, prevention from allergies, brittle nails, rashes, and tiny lumps. The aim of this study is to investigate improvement and protection for hair damaged by chemical treatment with omega-3 formulated shampoo. We selected virgin hair sample and divided into two groups for bleaching once and three times and then damaged hair by changing the number of hair bleaching (twice with interval of 15 minutes). Each bleached hair was treated by five different kinds of shampoo (Control, Horse shampoo, DHA shampoo, EPA shampoo, Omega-3 shampoo mixture). Apart from this, EPA/DHA 2, 5, 8, 10 and 12% shampoo were prepared and treated to hair for comparing rate of progress in damaged hair. To quantify improved condition of damaged hair, we performed Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for ultrastructure of damaged hair fraction, measurement of thickness change and BCA Protein Assay for recovery rate of damaged hair. The moisture in hair was measured by Thermal analysis machine. In results, we observed the particle of hair surface damaged by bleaching treatment were well improved with treatment with EPA and DHA shampoo. Also, quantity of protein was lowered with higher concentration of EPA & DHA i.e., 8 and 12 % then compared with horse oil shampoo in three times treatment group. It shows that bleached hair have been recovered by treating rapidly and get protective coat. In conclusion, EPA and DHA shampoo improved damaged hair, especially with EPA / DHA 12% shampoo. Also, EPA shampoo could protect the damaged hair depending on increasing concentration of EPA. Therefore, we conclude omega-3 shampoo could make damaged hair protect and get healthy hair environment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.1171-1176
• /
• 2003

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of various tissues were studied in young chicks. From 7 days of age, a total of 160 chicks were divided into 4 groups, placed into 4 pens per group (10 birds per pen) and fed one of four experimental diets containing 6% tallow (TO 6%), 4% tallow plus 2% CLA (TO 4%-CLA 2%), 2% tallow plus 4% CLA (TO 2%-CLA 4%) or 6% CLA (CLA 6%) for 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in growth performances and the relative weights of various organs, but relative liver weight of chicks fed dietary CLA at 4 and 6% levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of TO 6% group. The chemical compositions of leg muscle were not affected by CLA feeding. However, hepatic total lipid of chicks fed 6% CLA diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of TO 6% and TO 4%-CLA 2% groups. The concentrations of various lipid fractions in serum were not affected by CLA feeding. With the increase in dietary CLA levels, cis 9-trans 11 CLA, trans 10-cis 12 CLA and total CLA of leg muscle increased linearly. The relative proportions of C18:1 $\omega$ -9 and C20:4 $\omega$-6 fatty acids in the leg muscles of chicks fed the CLA containing diets were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of TO 6% group. These results indicate that the levels of CLA isomers were increased linearly in dose-dependent manner after feeding of synthetic CLA source. But it was also observed that excessive amount of dietary CLA resulted in the possible adversely effects, such as increase of liver weight, hepatic lipid accumulation and serum GOT level.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제40권9호
• /
• pp.1256-1264
• /
• 2011

시중에 유통되고 있는 조제분유의 지방산 및 TAG 조성을 알아보기 위하여 국내외 조제분유 총 11 품목을 선정하였고, Folch법을 이용하여 지방을 추출한 다음 총 지방산과 sn-2 위치의 지방산 및 silver ion HPLC를 이용한 단일불포화-포화-단일불포화 glycerol(MSM)의 조성을 분석하였다. 조제분유의 조지방의 함량은 17.21~23.51%이었고, 특히 K5의 조지방 함량이 23.51%로써 분석된 조제분유들 중에서 가장 높게 나왔으나, K1은 17.21%의 함량을 보이면서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 분석된 조제분유들의 주요 포화지방산은 lauric acid(C12:0), myristic acid(C14:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), stearic acid(C18:0)이었다. Lauric acid의 함량은 K5와 K6에서 19.49%와 23.34%로 분석되어 15%보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 한편, 분석된 조제분유의 palmitic acid의 함량은 7.59~21.65%의 범위로써 K2, K3, K6, F1에서 각각 14.64%, 8.29%, 13.47% 및 7.59%로써 낮은 함량을 나타냈다. 불포화 지방산들 중에서 단일불포화지방산(C14:1, myristoleic acid; C16:1, palmitoleic acid; C17:1, heptadecenoic acid; C18:1, oleic acid; C18:1t, elaidic acid)의 함량은 20.23~45.07%로 나타났고, 단일불포화지방산들 중에서 대부분을 구성하고 있는 지방산은 oleic acid(C18:1)이었다. 분석된 조제분유에서 oleic acid의 함량은 19.64~44.64%의 범위였고 총 다가불포화지방산은 19.08~29.67%의 범위였다. Omega-6 다가불포화지방산과 omega-3 다가불포화지방산의 주요한 지방산은 필수지방산인 linoleic acid(C18:2)와 linolenic acid(C18:3, n-3)로 분석된 조제분유의 비율은 10:1~13:1로, 조제분유의 지방산 조성에 대한 지표인 linoleic acid/linolenic acid의 비율인 5:1~15:1 범위 내였다. 분석한 조제분유들 중에서 sn-2 위치에서의 lauric acid 함량은 7.70~52.09%로 나타났고, myristic acid의 함량은 3.15~20.89%로써 분석된 조제분유들은 전반적으로 sn-2 위치에서의 lauric acid 함량이 20% 이상으로 높게 나타났다. 특히, 분석된 조제분유들의 sn-2 위치에 존재하는 palmitic acid의 함량은 1.84~38.74%의 범위로써 K8과 F3이 각각 38.55%와 38.90%의 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 따라서 대부분의 국내외 조제분유들을 구성하는 triacylglycerol(TAG)의 sn-2 위치에서의 palmitic acid 함량이 모유와 비교하였을 때 낮은 경향을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 조제분유보다 더 나아가 HPLC 분석을 통해서 모유의 주요 TAG 형태라고 할 수 있는 단일불포화-포화-단일불포화 glycerol(MSM)의 함량이 외국의 조제분유인 F3이 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 조제분유에 이러한 MSM 형태의 지방 함량을 높여야하며, MSM 형태의 모유대체지 연구를 산업화하려는 노력이 필요하다.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2017

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system and radical resection, which is available to very few patients, might be the only possibility for cure. Since therapeutic choices are limited at the advanced stage, prevention is more important for reducing incidence in high-risk individuals with family history of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acids reduces the risk of pancreatic cancers. Dietary fish oil supplementation has shown to suppress pancreatic cancer development in animal models. Previous experimental studies revealed that several hallmarks of cancer involved in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer, such as the resistance to apoptosis, hyper-proliferation with abnormal $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, and invasion. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a ${\omega}3-polyunsaturated$ fatty acid and rich in cold oceanic fish oil. DHA shows anti-cancer activity by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, inhibiting $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling, and decreasing extracellular matrix degradation and expression of pro-angiogenic factors in pancreatic cancer cells. This review will summarize anti-cancer mechanism of DHA in pancreatic carcinogenesis based on the recent studies.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.772-787
• /
• 2000

In this study, evaluation on the loaches from the various sources was carried out in respect of their taste compounds. The samples were classified by local, season and growing condition and evaluated in terms of composition, the refuse, contents of nucleotides and their related compounds, total and free amino acid, organic acid and fatty acid. Evaluation on the compositions revealed the fact that, in terms of the local, the imported loach contain a low level of fat and high level of ash, in comparison with Korean loach; in terms of growing condition, cultured loach contains a high level of fat and low level of moisture, in comparison with wild loach; and in terms of the season, the summer loach contains less moisture than the fall loath; but as for the contents of other component, the summer loach was superior. As for the refuse, the imported loach had a greater refuse than the Korean loach. In the growing condition, the wild loach had lower value than the cultured loach. There was no substantial difference in each season. Also nucleotide and these related compounds were detected in all of the samples, while ATP was not found. The content levels of such detected compound did not show a substantial difference in each condition. However, generally, the imported loach was poor in such compound and all of the samples were high in IMP. The samples were high in total amino acids. The local and growing conditions showed no substantial difference, while in the season, the summer loach had a higher content of total and essential amino acid than the fall loach. As for the contents of free amino acids, similar distribution of the composition was shown in each sample, even though there was little difference in their constituents. Also, total content of free amino acid varied with the conditions of the samples. As for total content of organic acid and the distribution of the composition, there was a little difference between each condition. In the season and growing condition, the summer loach was high in organic acid. As for the distribution of the fatty acid compositions, there was no substantial difference between each condition and each sample. In the case of the wild loach, the summer loach was high in ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid and the fall loach was high in essential fatty acid. Similarly, in the case of the imported loach, the summer loach was high in ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid and the fall loach was high in essential fatty acid.