• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.409-414
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• 1978

The total amount of lipid content in the mullet roe is 20.5%, and iodine value and unsaponifiable matters content are 118 and 38.7%, respectively. The lipid composition of the muscle, roe and liver of the mullet, Mugil cephalus, shows differences. Triglyceride, wax esters, and free fatty acids are mainly contained in the lipids of the muscle, roe and liver, respectively. The mullet roe lipids are mainly composed of 59.1% of wax esters with a trace of sterol esters, 26.9% of polar lipids with pigments, 9.0% of triglyceride plus a trace of free fatty alcohols and fatty acids, and 3.0% of sterol contaminated with a trace of fatty alcohols. The major fatty acids of wax esters are C16 : 0, 47.5%, C18 : 1, 23.0%, C16 : 3, 6.5%, C20 : 5, 4.0%, those of triglyceride are C16 : 1, 25.1%, C18: 1, 16.7%, C16 : 0, 16.3%, C22 : 1, 7.9%, C18 : 0, 5.5%, C22 : 6, 4.4%, and those of polar lipids are C16 : 0, 35.0%, C18 : 1, 24.7%, C16 : 1, 6.1%, C20 : 5, 5.3%, C22 : 6, 4.2%. The major alcohols of wax esters are 51.0% of cetyl alcohol, 18.2% of palmitoleyl alcohol, and 10.7% of oleyl alcohol, and considerable amounts of odd-numbered alcohols such as C15 : 0, C15 : 1, C17 : 0, C17 : 1 and C19 : 1 are also found.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.585-593
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• 1988

The lipid contents and neutral lipid components of brown rice, milled rice and bran were studied for four varieties of rice such as Nampung, Milyang #23, Whasung and Jinhung. Total lipid contents of brown rice, milled rice and bran were 2.65%, 1.09% and 20.24% respectively. The ratios of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in total lipids were 82.53:12.39:4.08 in brown rice and 87.72:7.02:5.26 in bran. Neutral lipids were separated on the TLC; among them 6 neutral lipids were identified by comparing the RF value of standards. Triglycerides(TG), free fatty acids(FFA) and steryl esters(SE) were major neutral lipid components in brown rice, milled rice and bran. TG content of the bran, compared to that of brown rice and milled rice, was very low in contrast the FFA content was high. The major fatty acids of total lipid and neutral lipid fractions were palmitic, linoleic and oleic acids, comprising over 95% of these classes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.200-203
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• 2003

Total lipids extracted from the powdered seeds of Carum roxburghianum were fractionated into hydrocarbons (0.30%), wax esters (0.30%), sterol esters (1.35%), triacylglycerols (72.41%), free fatty acids (6.06%), 1,3-diacylglycerols (4.60%), 1,2- diacylglycerols (0.64%), glycolipids (5.10%), sterols (1.20%), 2-monoacylgylcerols (3.18%), 1-monoacylglycerols (1.46%), phosphatidylethanolamines (1.08%) phosphatidylcholines (0.40%), lysophosphatidylethanolamines (1.48%) and phosphatidylinositols (0.44%) with the help of TLC. The fatty acid composition of all the lipid fractions was determined after converting them into their methyl esters with $BF_3-methanol$ reagent and then analyzing them by GC. Oleic acid was found as a major component in all the lipid classes, whereas palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acids were present in lesser quantities. Arachidic acid was identified as a minor component in only seven out of twelve lipid classes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

This study was performed to assess the possibility of application of sewage sludge which is the side-product from domestic sewage treatment plant to the materials for biodiesels by investigating the yields and composition of the lipids and fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs) from soxhlet extraction and in-situ transesterification. As the results, yields of in-situ transesterification were higher than soxhlet extraction. In comparison by sewage sludge type, yields of sewage sludge mixed nightsoil or livestock were higher than a single sewage sludge. And maximum yield showed up to 14 wt%. Fatty acid composition of extracted lipids and synthesized FAMEs consists of palmitic acid(C16:0), palmitoleic acid(C16:1), stearic acid(C18:0), oleic acid(C18:1), and linoleic acid(C18:2).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.674-682
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• 1988

Total lipids from the roe, muscle and viscus of L. carinata were analyzed for lipid composition by column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The roe lipids were characterized by a high level of wax esters (63.1%) and a low proportion of trigiycerides (9.9%). The viscus lipids also contained wax esters (32.8%) as its main component, followed by free fatty alcohols and acids (23.5%). On the other hand, the muscle lipids were found to contain a large amount of triglycerides (66.1%) with a trace of wax esters. The main fatty alcohol component of roe and viscus wax esters was C16:0 alcohol (53.0%; 61.7%), accompanied by C18:1 alcohol (10.2%) in the former and by C15:0 alcohol (8.8%) in the latter. Considerable amounts of odd-numbered fatty alcohols were found in both wax esters. On the other hand, the fatty acids of the roe and viscus wax esters contained a high percentage of monounsaturated (49.7%-56.6%) consisting of C16:1, C18:1 and C17:1 acid, and a significant amount of polyunsaturated (41.2%-32.9%), particularly C20:5${\omega}$3. The fatty acid components of triglycerides and phospholipids were different among the tissues tested, especially between roe and muscle or viscus. The fatty acid compositions of free fatty acids from the muscle and viscus were characterized by a higher level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (46.0-34.3%) compared to those of triglycerides 'in the roe, muscle and viscus (28.4%, 19.4% and 19.2%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 1986

This study was carried out to obtain an information for the earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) as total lipid, three lipid classes and their fatty acid compositions. Total lipids of earthworm consisted of 35.14% of neutral lipids, 41.74% of glycolipids and 23.12% of phospholipids. A wide variety of fatty acid esters ranging from $C_{10}\;to\;C_{22}$were identified and lower fatty acids than $C_{10}$ detected but not identified. In the neutral lipid, the major fatty acids were lauric acid, oleic acid, myristic acid and caproenoic acid. The fatty acid composition in the glycolipid was specific, so caproic acid content was 25.8% and unknown lower fatty acids than that were 23.22%. In the phospholipids, the major fatty acids were oleic acid, caproic acid, linolenic acid and behenic acid. Unsaturated fatty acid contents in the phospholipids were higher than in the neutral and glycolipids.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2023

FT-IR, GC/MS, and ATR-FT-IR analyses were performed to confirm the physicochemical characteristics of saw palmetto fruit (SPF) extract. FT-IR analysis of the standard product showed that the band corresponding to the carbonyl bond of free fatty acid was stronger than the band of acyl-glyceride. Sample E was identified as having the same trend as the standard sample. Fatty acid composition analysis revealed that the main fatty acids in the standard sample were lauric acid and oleic acid. The content of lauric acid ranged from approximately 30% to 38% in samples B, C, D, and E, while the content of oleic acid ranged from approximately 29% to 34%. The GC/MS analysis confirmed that the standard SPF extract consisted of fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters. Sample E demonstrated a similar pattern to the standard samples in terms of oleic acid, lauric acid, and fatty acid esters. ATR-FT-IR analysis indicated that only sample E was predicted to contain 100% saw palmetto extract. Therefore, these study findings can be considered fundamental data for analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of the composition of SPF extract.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.9
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• pp.29-33
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• 1968

Through an experiment with gas chromatography carried out using diethylene glycol succinate(DEGS) as the packing material of the column, we have obtained the correction factor between the weight ratio and the peak dimension of the saturated fatty acid methyl esters of C10, C12, C14, C16, and C18 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters of oleic acid, linoloic acid, and linolenic acid, employing the detector of thermal conductivity type. Quantitative analysis of the fatty acids contained in rice Bran oil was performed with the above correction factor and the results are as follows; 1. Main components were found to be palmitic acid, oleic acid sand linolenic acid. No trases of capric acid (C10) lauric acid (C10) were found. 2. It was confirmed that there were straight line relation between the logarism retention time of each fatty acid and the number of carbon of saturated fatty acid or the number of double bond of other fatty acids having the same number of carbon. 3. The correction factor became larger as to the number of carbon increased up to C18 in case of saturated fatty acids, end as for other fatty acids, and as for other fatty acids of the same carbon number, it became larger according as the number of double bond increased.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.705-708
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• 2001

Enzymatic synthesis and purification of sugar esters using supercritical $CO_2$ were investigated. The observed yield of suagr ester produced by transesterification of methyl glucoside and oleic acid using a lipase(Novozym 435) was 67% at 24 hours of reaction in the supercritical $CO_2$. The solubility of the fatty acids in the supercritical $CO_2$ was measured to find the conditions of supercritical separation of the fatty acids from the reaction mixture. The solubility of capric and oleic acid was 5 ${\times}$ $10^{-4}$, 1.7 ${\times}$ $10^{-4}$ mol/mol $CO_2$, respectively, varying at $35{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ and 80${\sim}$120 atm.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.630-631
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• 2000

Sugar esters are produced by transesterification of fatty acids and sugars in organic solvent media. Chromatographic separation of sugar esters and fatty acids was investigated. $C_{18}$ column($3.9{\times}300mm$) was used in the chromatography experiment. The effect of flow rate, column temperature, and sample loading on the charateristics of chromatogram was studied. Sugar esters and fatty acids tested in this study was successfully separated with a high resolution.