• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2017

Differences in reaction time and accuracy were compared among driver groups of middle-, old-, and stroke old-age drivers using various reaction time tasks including simple reaction task, 2-choice task, 4-choice task with different stimuli eccentricity, search task, and moving target detection task. The results can be summarized as followings. First, although overall reaction time tended to be slowed with age and stroke, stroke old drivers showed significantly slower reaction time than the other driver groups when the stimuli were presented in a large eccentricity. Second, differences in reaction time for 2-choice task and moving target detection task seemed to be determined mainly by participants' simple reaction time. Third, the search task which required temporary retention of previously presented stimuli was found to be more sensitive in discriminating difference in reaction time between middle-age drivers and old-age drivers (including stroke old drivers). Fourth, reaction accuracy of old (and stroke old) drivers decreased when more stimuli alternatives were presented and temporary retention for stimuli was required. Altogether, memory demand in reaction time task can be sensitive to evaluate performance for different age groups, whereas size of useful field of view for brain stroke.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.225-241
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• 2018

Self-driving is meaningful activity for older persons because it enlarges the range of activity and provides opportunities for social participation. Driving is a complex activity that requires integration of physical, cognitive and sensory functions and is influenced by human and psychological factors. Age related functional deterioration affects the driving ability of older drivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the risk of accidents and driving cessation of elderly drivers through systematic literature review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, Pubmed were used for searching articles published from 2007 to 2017. 'aged', 'aging', 'automobile driving', 'age factors' were used as search terms and 18 articles were finally selected for analysis among 1,458 articles. In result of the study, the most significant effect showed in the physical domain, the driving habit and the performance function. The most frequent used tools evaluated driving habit and the cognitive function. In demographic characteristics, there was a correlation with the driving discontinue according to sex and age. This study emphasizes the necessity of preparing measures for safety driving with elderly. In addition, it suggests the necessity of systematically services such as individual education programs based on various driving cessation related factors of the elderly.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2017

In recent years, non-volatile memory express (NVMe), a new host controller interface standard, has been adapted to overcome performance bottlenecks caused by the acceleration of solid state drives (SSD). Recently, performance breakthrough cases over AHCI based SATA SSDs by adapting NVMe based PCI Express (PCIe) SSD to servers and PCs have been reported. Furthermore, replacing legacy eMMC-flash storage with NVMe based storage is also considered for next generation of mobile devices such as smartphones. The Linux kernel includes drivers for NVMe support, and as the kernel version increases, the implementation of the NVMe driver code has changed. However, mobile devices are often equipped with older versions of Android operating systems (OSes), where the newest features of NVMe drivers are not available. Therefore, different features of different NVMe driver implementations are not well evaluated on Android OSes. In this paper, we analyze the response time of the NVMe driver for various Linux kernel version.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-88
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• 2011

This paper presents theoretical discussions on socio-techical system transition, by shedding light on the STS context. With a rising attention paid by STI policy researchers, the socio-technical system perspective seems particularly promising in applying to the pursuit for the sustainable development. The normative strand in STI policy research has been strongly influenced by the STS tradition that emphasizes active and participatory roles not only of academian but also of science and technology. Throughout reviewing the development of the socio-technical system perspective, its theoretical components of environment, drivers and dynamics are discussed, often being linked to older perspectives. STI policy involves in socio-technical transition in a manner of transition management and governance, which is the final part of this paper.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.18-31
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• 2021

The purpose of the present study was to present evidence for driving interventions for the elderly by conducting programs that can improve visual perception and cognitive function in a driving simulator for elderly drivers and analyse their effects. Three elderly subjects who were 65 years or older, did not have physical and cognitive impairments, and were able to drive themselves participated in the present study. A total of 12 intervention sessions, of which subjects participated in 10 sessions of nine different visual perception and cognitive function programs available in a driving simulator, were conducted and pre- and post-program assessments were conducted (two assessments in total). The assessments included the evaluation of visual perception, frontal lobe function, concentration, safe driving behaviour, and self-efficacy. The results showed positive effects of the driving simulator program on the visual perception, frontal lobe function, concentration, safe driving behaviour, and self-efficacy of all subjects. Changes in the simulator results showed remarkable improvement in the response evaluation, judgment evaluation, and predictive power evaluation, but showed difficulties in interference tasks and depth perception in common. The results showed positive effects of driving simulator training on the driving ability of the elderly, and consistent provision of such training is expected to improve the quality of life of the elderly by securing the safety of driving and actively supporting social participation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among the older drivers' subjective evaluation and objective performances for driving ability, mobility and subjective well-being. Scores for mobility and subjective well-being were obtained using questionnaires. Diagram-based driving scenarios and driving simulation were used to measure subjective and objective driving abilities, respectively. The results can be summarized as followings. First, subjective evaluation scores of driving ability but not objective driving performance significantly correlated with mobility. Second, the higher level of mobility predicted higher life satisfaction, higher positive affectivity, and lower negative affectivity. Third, the older driver's higher scores of subjective driving ability induced higher level of mobility, which, in turn, increased life satisfaction and positive affectivity but lower negative affectivity. The results suggested that subjective rather than objective ability for driving is more important in determining the level of old driver's subjective well-being.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2010

This study was to examine to the CNS(Central Nervous System) responses of elderly drivers at the green, yellow, and red signal types. To examine this result, the older adults over age 65 who has more than 5 years of driving experience participated this experiment. In addition, we used audio-visual film clips as the stimulus than driving simulator, because the CNS reponses are sensitive to movement such as steering wheel. While subjects were watching one car's driving among green, yellow, or red signal types at the intersection, we measured their EEG(electroencephalogram) using monopolar electrodes from Fz, Cz and Pz sites. As a result, relative sizes of beta waves were changed due to the signal type conditions, and pre- and post-time of entering the intersection at the measured sites, separately. It suggests that the elderly drivers' CNS responses were different by the signal types.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.64-68
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• 2009

This descriptive analysis study investigated the sensory characteristics and the drivers of liking for seven types of makgeolli differing in grain composition and pasteurization conditions. Six trained panelists participated in the descriptive analysis. In the consumer acceptance test involving 23 males and 34 females, two of the seven varieties were excluded due to their similar sensory characteristics. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and partial least square regression analysis were conducted. Sensory characteristics of makgeolli varied markedly depending on the ingredients and processing methods. Makgeolli samples with relatively high content of millet flour were characterized as being smooth and strong, with a roasted carbohydrate flavor, whereas samples with enriched rice content were rated high in attributes such as bitterness, carbonation, and residual flavor. Sourness decreased in pasteurized samples. Participant's age rather than gender influence the liking for makgeolli. Older consumers tend to prefer samples with stronger flavor than did younger consumers. Clustering consumer groups based on the preference for makgeolli samples provided profound insight concerning the beverage aspects that were appealing, which should be useful in consumer targeting of particular varieties of makgeolli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

The weight of elderly people in Korea has been increasing. Statistics show that the percentage of the elderly people in Korea was 3.1% in 1970; 3.8% in 1980; 5.1% in 1990, and 7.2% in 2000. Based on this trend, thus, the number of elderly people could be estimated to be 14% of the whole Korean population in 2018. This reveals that Korea is entering a super-aging society with remarkable fast pace. In such a change, the statistics related to elderly people driving license and the occurrence of traffic accidents are showing a noticeable numerical value. The number of traffic accident fatality in Korea ranks the highest value in OECD Countries. However, the research on old drivers in the nation is going on partially centering on system improvement and management scheme. Thus, first of all, researches about the linkage & characteristics between the driving behavior of old drivers and traffic accident should be implemented, in order properly to draw system improvement and management scheme for the old drivers. Therefore, the focus of this study is the influence model for discerning the severity of the age-old-caused traffic accidents by inquiring into the relation between the Driving Aptitude Test items that make it possible to measure their behavioral characteristics and influential factors by age group on the basis of the data on traffic accidents. The analysis results can be used as basic data for suggesting the behavioral research and countermeasure for traffic safety and its management for old driver in preparation for the aging society.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 2022

In Korea, as the aging phenomenon accelerates, the problem of traffic accidents related to the elderly is continuously emerging. Efforts to improve this are being implemented, but unfortunately the results of these effects are not clear. Therefore, in this study, the effect of traffic characteristics and incentive policies on the return of driver's licenses of elderly drivers was reviewed. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the intention to return the driver's license was low in the case of men, older people, those with low dependence on public transportation, those who undertook long driving hours, and those who took frequent trips. On the other hand, financial incentives were found to play a positive role with regard to the intention to return the driver's license. However, the effect is expected to be insignificant for those with a low intention to return the driver's license. As a result, under the current policy, it is predicted that there is a limit to improving the social problems caused by elderly drivers, meaning that it is necessary to review approaches that induce the return of their driver's licenses.