• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.8-15
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• 2012

Optical property improvements for ONP (old newspaper) and OMG (old magazine) were attempted by application of in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation process on recycled fiber surfaces. Washing treatment of ONP and OMG resulted in 35~40% yield loss for around 6% brightness improvement. Washing plus bleaching process with $H_2O_2$ and FAS (formamidine sulfinic acid) improved brightness and ERIC values a little more with the same amount of yield loss as washing treatment. In-situ $CaCO_3$ formation method improved those optical properties much better than the washing plus bleaching method without loss of yield, and better than the case of adding high brightness PCC up to the same ash level. It can be said that the in-situ $CaCO_3$ formation method may be used as an effective alternative for upgrading optical properties of recycled fibers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

As the demands of environment protection increases, the pulp mold container is developed to substitute for EPS (expanded polystyrene) as a shock absorbing packaging material. The water-absorbing ratio and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and compressive strength of pulp mold are important factors to evaluate its shock absorbing characteristics. Influences of mixing ratios of ONP (old newspaper) and OCC (old corrugated container) on physical properties of pulp mold were investigated at various conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The optimum mixing ratio of ONP and OCC was also searched based on physical properties. The results showed that when relative humidity was increased from 60% to 90%, the water absorption ratio of pulp mold increased significantly, tensile strength decreased 20$\sim$30%, and compressive strength decreased 10$\sim$20%. In addition, the optimum mixing ratio of ONP and OCC was found to be 50%:50%.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.44-54
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• 2013

Replacing OMG (old magazine) to ONP (old newspaper) by raising optical property through $CaCO_3$ in-situ precipitation method in white duplex board presents cost reduction and possible drying energy saving. The strength property impairment by the presence of $CaCO_3$ could be supplemented by the fiber furnish treatment or strength polymer addition. In $CaCO_3$ in-situ precipitation of ONP, it was found from morphological study using FlowCAM, an image analyzer, that most of calcium carbonate were formed on the fines, and made the size of the fines larger. For the case of forming calcium carbonate only on the fractionated fines, the size of the fines were the biggest, and there were more clean surface areas available for bonding for the fractionated long fibers when fractionated fibers and fines were regrouped to make paper.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.44-49
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• 2009

Old newspaper was deinked using commercial cellulolytic enzymes and a surfactant complex at low alkalinity. The properties of the deinked pulp(DIP) were evaluated and the suspended solids content, cationic demand, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the process water were measured. The results can summarized as follows, 1. The brightness and yield of the DIP were improved using enzymatic surfactant complex deinking. 2. The amount of foaming during deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex was higher than that with synthetic surfactant deinking. However, it was not sufficient to cause process problem. 3. The pH and turbidity of the white water from deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex were similar to those of the white water from surfactant deinking. 4. The suspended solids content, cationic demand, and COD of the white water from deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex were improved compared to those of the white water from surfactant deinking.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select the useful bacteria which secret extracellula enzymes for enzymatic deinking agent of old newspaper. CMCase, FPase and xylanase activities of the bacteria liquid culture were measured at optimal growth conditions. Clear zone test was checked on the solid culture. The results of this study were as follow: Eight strains of 28 bacteria isolated from a paper mill soil ground were shown strong CMCase and xylanase activity with the clear zone test. The optimal pH and temperature for culture growth were 6~8 and 26~$34^{\circ}C$, respectively and optimal culture period were less than 60 hours. Based on CMCase, FPase and xylanase activity, strain No. 18, 21, 22 and 28 which were relatively higher than the other strains, were selected for further enzymatic deinking research.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.25
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• pp.211-237
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• 2006

Mansebo[만세보] contains a total of 111 old shijos under the title of Haedongyeongeon[해동영언]. This dissertation presumes Haedongyeongeon[해동영언] as early 20th century shijo text and surveys its literary characteristic and its significance in relation with anthological compilation. Haedongyeongeon can be seen as both newspaper serials and a short anthology. The basic pattern of the serials shows an organization of 'title. musical designation, author. text. and a brief review. Of these, the review is what most clearly shows the characteristic of the serials. The review is written in Chinese followed by Korean letters to designate the sound of the Chinese. which is presumably designed to attract more readers for the newspaper. On the other hand, Haedongyeongeon[해동영언], when seen as a collection of works printed in serials, clearly shows an intention of compiling an anthology, particularly in its way of overall classification of works or arranging works according to their authors, and thus may well be defined as a short anthology. This anthology somewhat excessively pursues perfection in formality, and is characterized by its strong intent to be read as popular literature, and therefore could be said to manifest the general characteristic of 20th century anthologies. The planner of the serial Haedongyeongeon[해동영언], or the compiler of the anthology is thought to be one of the core figures of Mansebo[만세보], that is, O Sechang[오세창], Lee Injik[이인직], Choi Yeongnyeon[최영년], Shin Gwanghui[신광희], but of them all, considering all circumstances, Choi Yeongnyeon[최영년] is most likely to be the one. Lastly, it is presently unknown what anthology was used as the basis of Haedongyeongeon[해동영언] and accordingly any judgement on that head has been deferred.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.19
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• pp.23-29
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• 2001

This study was carried out to develop a seedling raising method without nursery soils in automatic raising facility of rice seedlings for machine transplanting. Pre-germinated seeds were sowed on the seed trays with three different seats such as paper seat, corrugated board, and polyethylene film instead of nursery soils. The growth characteristics of the seedlings for 20 days after sowing were compared with that of a conventional standard raising method with nursery soils. There was no difference in plant height of 10-day old seedlings among the different nursery methods, but the plant height of seedlings grown for 15 days after sowing in the trays with fivefold newspaper and nursery soils was significantly taller than those on other nursery conditions. Dry weight of seedlings grown in the tray with fivefold newspaper bottom was heavier than those in nursery trays with a corrugated board and a piece of polyethylene film. The seedlings grown in a nursery tray with fivefold newspaper showed better seedling quality and root-mat formation compared with the other nursery trays. This result suggests that the healthy seedlings for machine transplanting can be raised in the paper-sheet tray without nursery soils. The labour hours and cost required for the soil-free method using paper was reduced by about 49.3% and 26.6%, respectively, compared with the semi-adult seedling on nursery soils.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.62-70
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• 2010

As the demand for paper continues to grow and the importance of recycled paper, white ledgar(WL) and old newspaper pulp(ONP), continuously increase. In addition, usage of recycled paper is essential in terms of forest conservation and environmental protection issues. However, optical and mechanical properties of recycled paper have some drawbacks than regular paper's properties that is indispensable. In order to complement these problems of recycled paper, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was synthesized by the In-situ process with a recycled pulp. Depending on the size of PCC is divided into 2 types, $0.01{\mu}m{\sim}0.09{\mu}m$ colloid type ultra-fine particle and $0.1{\mu}m{\sim}0.9{\mu}m$ cubic type particles. In this study, we analyze how the different shape and size of precipitated calcium carbonate affects in the optical and mechanical properties of the recycled paper used as a filler. Furthermore, we mixed with chemical pulp for overcome reduce of mechanical properties, without using other chemicals, when we use PCC as a filler. The results has the possibility to meet in GR excellent recycling certification mark, standard was proposed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the types of leisure activity and Korean form of geriatric depression score in the elderly. Methods: We surveyed elderly (>60 years old) people who participated in leisure activities using interviews in Bukgu district, Daegu city. Data collection was performed from 1 - 31 May, 2008. The data was analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program, which was used for descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Common leisure activities scored 'often' and 'very often' were family conversations, offspring visiting, eating out, plant cultivation, entertainment, conversation, walking or jogging, and TV or radio. It was investigated at the rate of 19.2% in the moderate depression and 8.3% in the severely depression. Depression positively associated with newspaper or magazine, family conversation, offspring visiting, social service, movie & theater, exercise and tour. Conclusion: Most elderly people surveyed indicated they were depressed, which should recommend significant leisure activities for elderly to reduce depression in Bukgu district, Daegu city.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2014

The study was performed with low-grade limestone, which is used to make cement or is disposed of due to its low CaO content. In this study, the optimal condition of limestone with which to manufacture precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and limestone in fiber was determined through in-situ reactions. The best firing condition is with slaked lime with rapid cooling after 2 h of firing at $1000^{\circ}C$. In addition, the content of CaO can be increased by sorting the low-grade limestone using a 200 mesh filter, and the optical quality of old newspaper (ONP) was similar when using both low-grade and high-grade limestone. Also, controlling the particle size of PCC is an important factor pertaining to the optical characteristics of paper.