• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2020

In modern society, the number of one-person households is increasing significantly. In particular, one-person households have rapidly increased around local small and medium-sized cities. This study examines the characteristics of local small and medium-sized cities by factor and cluster analysis. Analysis of variance are applied to the characteristics of one-person household in different local cities to find the relationship between different types of cities and the characteristics of one-person households. As a result of the study, local small and medium-sized cities are classified into growth stagnation cities, industrial leading cities, regional base cities, and population outflow cities. It is also found that there are several different types of local cities based on the characteristics of one-person households. The growth stagnation city is a city where the regional economy is revitalized due to the development of regional industries in the past. One-person households have a small age group in their 30s and 40s, which are the basis of industrial activities. They have a high proportion of older generation living in more than three rooms in their homes. It is necessary to supply long-term public rental housing and share houses for older generation. The leading city of the industry is a city where the local economy is revitalized as workers are concentrated. One-person households are evenly distributed among all age groups, and the apartment occupancy rate is the highest compared to other types. It is necessary to provide happy housing for youth generation and reconstruction or renovation housing of manhood generation. The regional base city leads the regional base function and the regional economy, but it has reduced workers. Many of one-person households are younger than 30 years old and college educated. They are also high rate of unmarried and live at one room as rental houses. It is needed to expand the supply of small houses such as apartments, officetels and rented houses for youth generation. The population outflow city has a slow local economy and a rural residential environment. It is found that the households of one-person households have high rate of bereavement and the age. They live more than four rooms in single-family homes. It is necessary not only to provide welfare housing but also to create a sound residential environment where cultural exchange is possible.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the effect of restrictions on oral health-related activities of young adults, middle-aged, and elderly in Korea on the quality of life and contribute to the development of intervention strategies to improve the quality of life by improving the importance of oral health care and healthy lifestyle habits of adults. Methods: The 8th National Health and Nutrition Survey was used, targeting adults categorized into three age groups: young adults aged 19 to 29, middle-aged adults aged 30 to 49, and prime-aged adults aged 50 to 64. Demographic characteristics and EQ-5D, HINT-8 and oral-related toothache experience, chewing problems, speaking problems, and complaint of discomfort to chew analyzed. T-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to find out the difference in quality of life according to the restrictions on oral activities of adults, and linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of adults. Results: The differences between EQ-5D and HINT-8 according to the restrictions on oral health-related activities of young, middle-aged, and prime-aged were statistically significant in all oral activity restriction variables(p ≦0.05). Factors affecting EQ-5D of all adults were statistically significant in all variables such as region, gender, household monthly income, education level, basic living status, economic activity, subjective oral health status, toothache experience, chewing problem, speaking problem, and complaint of discomfort to chew(p ≦0.05). Factors affecting HINT-8 of all adults were statistically significant in variables such as gender, household monthly income, education level, basic living status, economic activity, toothache experience, chewing, speaking, and complaint of discomfort to chew(p ≦0.05). Conclusions: Various measures are needed to improve the quality of life in old age by allowing adults to face physically, mentally, and socially prepared old age. Based on the results of this study, an adult oral health program should be developed to improve the oral health and quality of life of adults.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.149-163
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• 2005

Family has emerged as a key concept for health, and it has been identified as one of the most important conditions. The relationship between health habit and its management is different depending on family. The odd pair family, mostly rural lower income class, worry to have poor health because of no spouse and small family size. One thousand eight hundred and seventy(1870) subjects were collected in 9 provinces through the sampling of Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Questionnaire method was conducted on health checking, bath states, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and the prevalence of farmer's health related problems. The main results were as follows: 1) The characteristics of odd pair families are that the head of household is female(77% ), the size of family is small(1.76 persons), the education level is low(7.5 years for male, 3.1 years for female) and the age group is old (male: 89.78 year old, female: 73.69 year old). 2) For the odd pair family, the frequency of health checking is quite low with one or two times per year(l0.2%) and the rate of no-health checking is much higher(35.8%) .3) Bathing utility is not available 29.6% of the odd pair family and only cold water is supplied at home for the 11.5 % of them. However, for the paired family, 9.8 % of them has no bathing utility and the rate of the family supplied with only cold water is just 7.9%. 4) The bathing frequency score of odd pair family is l.74points for male and 1.25 points for female. 5) The rate of smoking habits for odd pair family is 68.5 % and specially it is 7.6% for female, which is higher comparing with that of pair family. 6) The smoking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.57 points. 7) Alcohol drinking frequency score of odd pair family is 1.79 points for male, and 3.24points for female. 8) Farmers' syndrome(FS) revealed 38.7% of odd pair family and it is lower than that of pair family(57.3%). Special pain of FS was huckle bone and muscle(28.4%) and articular pain(24.l %). The pain rate of huckle bone and muscle(43.l %) and articular pain(33.5%) were higher in a year in odd pair family were lower than those of pair family: farming machine caused accidents(6.5%) and pesticide poisoning(5.7%). l0) The odd pair family use more frequently medical clinic or public health center for the treatment of FS(74.7%) and pesticide poisoning(62.5%) than the pair family for FS(69.0%) and for pesticide poisoning(.53.6%). The score of FS treatment is 5.70 points for odd pair family and it is not significantly different from 5.62 points of the paired family. The result of pesticide poisoning treatment score is as same as that of FS.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.107-135
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• 2007

This paper uses a static Gamma count model, a traditional hurdle model and an endogenous switching Poisson model, respectively for determining married women's completed fertility rates in Korea. This paper analyzes the impact of household income, women's wage and education, and women's job market participation on the number of children of married women above age 40 and on the expected number of children of women aged below 40. The paper shows that a household income significantly increases the number of children for at least women aged above 40, however, this income effect is disappearing for younger generation. The empirical model suggests that women having a job tend to have fewer children for a group 39 years old and below and find that there is an endogeneity problem between child birth and labor force participation, too. The education level of married women gives a positive effect for giving a birth, itself, while it gives a negative impact on the number of children. Based on the empirical results, it concludes that Becker's Quantity-Quality theory works for Korea, too.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2000

Objective : To analyze the factors affecting the participation rate in the health screening program of medical insurance. Method : We investigated the factors associated with the participation rate in the health screening program in Korea. Data were collected at the aggregate level from 145 employee health insurance societies and 227 self-employed health insurance societies from 1995 to 1997 Data were also collected at the individual level from four health insurance societies. This study hypothesized that the participation rate of the health screening program was related to 1) the characteristics of its members and the size of the health insurance society; 2) the specifications of the health screening program; 3) the venue of the health screening institution and the interests of individuals in the health screening program; and 4) the activities of the health insurance society. We used bivariate and multiple regression models to examine the factors on the participation rate of the health screening program. Results : First, in the case of dependents of on employee health insurance society, the ratio of dependents 40 years old and over, the average monthly contribution per household, the interest and satisfaction level of individuals in health screening, and the level of refunds for over-payment were all associated with the participation rate in the health screening program, accounting for 54.4% of the participation rate. Second, in case of those insured by the self-employed health insurance society, the interest and satisfaction level of individuals in health screening, the level of refunds for over-payment, and the performance level of on-the-spot health screening were statistically significant, accounting for 40.1% of the participation rate. Conclusion : The factors concerning the participation rate in the health screening program of medical insurance, in both a health insurance society and for individuals, were closely related to the age and gender of individuals and household contributions.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-129
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• 2014

This research estimates the impact of population aging on energy use and carbon emissions by energy sources and by industrial sectors in Korea until 2035. For the estimation, the structural change in household consumption expenditure identified by the age-specific consumption pattern was analyzed in conjunction with energy and environment input-output tables. The estimation result presents that, despite the population aging, energy use and carbon emissions induced by household consumption continue to increase until 2026, and then that elevated levels of energy use and carbon emissions will be maintained for a considerable period of time. According to the estimation by energy sources, the use of natural gas will show substantial increase while the use of crude oil will switch to a downturn at a relatively early period. According to the estimation by industrial sectors, carbon emissions in the sectors with relatively high consumption share of old households such as medical health, dwelling, lighting, heating, air-conditioning, and food will have substantial increase, whereas those in the sectors associated with education, transport, catering, and accommodation services will turn downward relatively early. In addition, the study analyzes through policy simulation the impact of aging-related policy similar to the basic pension system, which is recently being discussed for legislation, on energy use and carbon emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.64-74
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• 2020

The significance of Boseong Tea Agriculture System lies in its harmonious coexistence with the surrounding environment, producing high quality teas and maintaining its biodiversity. Boseong Tea Agriculture System has been inscribed as Korea's Important Agricultural Heritage System (KIAHS) in 2018, but the Aging Society of tea farmers is threatening the conservation and succession of tea farming of the region. The study suggests designation of Boseong Tea Agriculture System as one of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS), objecting conservation and succession of Boseong Tea Agriculture System. The study has reviewed GIAHS, KIAHS, Boseong Tea Agriculture System and surveyed tea farmers of Boseong for 3 months from March to May, 2020. The survey method includes face to face interview, phone interview (ones couldn't be reached for face to face interview) and in-depth interview of community leaders and experts, verifying the Aging Society status in Boseong tea agricultural industry. The survey result includes the following. Average age of Boseong tea farmers is 69.4 years old. Family tea-farming over two generation is 36% (54 household), and 79.4% (119 household) depends on 90% of income from tea production. The in-depth interview shows the aging tea farming society is most serious concern of tea farmers and GIAHS designation will support reliability and recognition of Boseong tea, helping conservation and succession of Boseong Tea Agriculture System. GIAHS designation will enhance and share the value of Boseong Tea Agriculture worldwide and be able to inherit the heritage for our future generation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.339-349
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influential factors on the change in life satisfaction of elderly households. In this study, single and couple elderly households were defined as elderly households and the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (KLoSA) provided by the Korea Employment Information Service (KEIS) were used. And 677 respondents aged 65 and over who had replied to all 3 sessions were included in the final subjects. multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the influential factors on life satisfaction by the type of elderly households according to consumption pattern and the result showed that there were common influential factors such as house owning status and subjective health status and the factors that influence specific types such as expectancy of standard of living. In addition, in the longitudinal analysis of life satisfaction of elderly households, individual satisfaction level was confirmed to reduce with time and the factors that influence the longitudinal change in the level of life satisfaction of elderly households was analyzed through the conditional model of a latent growth model. The analysis results showed that household type, house owning status, and subjective health status influenced the initial value of life satisfaction of elderly households while household type and expectancy of living standard influenced the change rate of life satisfaction of elderly households. Based on the results of this study, the followings are suggested. There is a need to improve the life satisfaction of old age by increasing the opportunity for self-realization of elderly households and also policy approach should be made selectively taking various types into consideration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.257-269
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of metabolic factors in adults consuming 3-in-1 coffee from the 2012~2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: A total of 5,872 subjects (male = 2,253, female = 3,619) aged 19~64 yrs were presented with food frequency questionnaires, and they were classified according to coffee consumption level and types of coffee consumed (black coffee, ${\leq}1$ time/day of 3-in-1 coffee, > 1 and ${\leq}2$ times/day of 3-in-1 coffee, > 2 times/day of 3-in-1 coffee). Analysis was conducted by gender for age-stratified groups: 19~39 (male = 968 and female = 1,285) and 40~64 (male = 1,468, female = 2,151) yrs old. Results: Black coffee consumption was associated with a significantly higher education level and household income compared to 3-in-1 coffee consumption in both males and females. The > 2 times/day group had significantly more smokers compared to other patterns of coffee consumption in both males and females. In the 40~64 yrs age group, males and females in the > 2 times/day group had significantly lower density of micronutrients such as fiber, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium compared with black coffee consumption. In the 40~64 yrs age group, males (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.13~3.64) in the > 2 times/day group were at a higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared with black coffee consumption after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: We found that frequency of 3-in-1 coffee consumption may be associated with prevalence of metabolic syndrome in males aged 40~64 yrs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 1979

The main objective of the present study is to examine the traditional concepts of women's virtues which originated mainly from Confucian ethical thoughts. According to Naefoon, a moral text for women which was highly respected in the Yangban society of Yi dynasty, the main virtues for women were as follows : 1. Fidelity ; A woman had to be faithful for life to only one man who was, or was going to be, her husband. 2. Filial piety ; Sons and daughters were supposed to dedicate their hearty love and respect to their parents, parents in law, and whole ancestors. 3. Obedience ; A woman was required to be completly obedient to her husband as well as to her father. She was also supposed to be obident even to her sons when she was old. 4. Diligence and Thrift ; It was highly advisable for a woman to work hard for household matters. 5. Hospitality ; Hearty hospitality for domestic guests was one of the main duties of women in traditional Korean society. 6. Maternal wisdom ; a mother was supposed to be both stern and merciful to her children. 7. Kindness to relatives ; Special Kindness to her husband's relatives was required as a duty to a married woman. The above mentioned seven main virtues cannot be said to be fit , as such to the contemporary Korean society. Many of them are unacceptable when we evaluate them form the democratic viewpoint . But we still find some valuable ideas at the bottom of the concepts of these virtues. If we properly modify them so that they fit to our own age, they might become a source of wisdom even for the contemporary moral life. It's tried to give some suggestions concerning how to modify the concepts of women's virtues in question, and them gave a sketch of an ideal figure of women in this industrial society.