• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2001

After the Sea Prince oil spill accident in 1995, the korean government has taken a measure to establish an emergency response system and equip clean-up capacity against large spill, major contents of which are as follows: First, Korea Marine Pollution Response Corporation has been established as a non-government organization for recovery of spilled oil in order to improve private response capabilities. Second, clean-up equipments, such as large clean-up vessels and oil fences for the open sea operation has been expanded. Third, a national contingency plan on the large spill accidents has been established compliance with the provisions of Article 6 of the OPRC 1990. However, there exist some problems in the national response system, such as clearly roles definition between government and private agencies; propel amendment of the Marine Pollution Prevention Act to incorporate major contents of the OPRC 1990; and training and exercises of clean-up personnel. With the above problems in mind, this paper reviews the current issues on the national oil pollution response system and recommends policy-making to tackle to those problems.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2001

In order to compare the extraction patterns of main components from the raw material between the extraction methods, the aerial parts (dried stem, leaves, and flowers) of Agastache rugosa were extracted by SDE simultaneous steam distillation & extraction) and SFE (supercritical fluid extraction). Volatile components of essential oil and extract were identified by GC and GC-MSD. The contents of essential oil extracted by SDE were 0.49% in aerial part of Agastache rugosa on dry basis. Major components were methyl chavicol(27.2%), isomenthone(24.6%), hexadecanoic acid(13.0%). menthone (5.5%) among 32 kinds of components confirmed in essential oil. On the other hand, the contents of SFE extracts revealed 3.21% on dry basis, 6 times higher than those of SDE. Major components were isomenthone(15.3%), hexadecanoic acid(13.7%), methyl chavicol(12.6%), benzoic acid(3.8%) among 33 kinds of components identified in extract.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2015

This study investigated the chemical composition of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pampan) Hara (ssuk in Korea) essential oil and the quantitative changes of major terpene compounds according to the time of harvest. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation extraction from the aerial parts of ssuk were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil composition of ssuk was characterized by higher contents of mono- and sesqui- terpene compounds. Ninety-nine volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from ssuk harvested in 2010, with camphor (11.9%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (9.11%), dehydrocarveol (8.51%), and borneol (7.72%) being the most abundant compounds. Eighty-three compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2011, with borneol (12.36%), caryophyllene oxide (12.29%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (10.24%), camphor (9.13%), and thujone (8.4%) being the most abundant compounds. Eighty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2012, with ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (20.25%), caryophyllene oxide (14.63%), and thujone (11.55%) being the major compounds. Eighty-nine compounds were identified in the essential oil from the plant harvested in 2013, with thujone (23.11%), alloaromadendrene oxide (12.3%), and ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (11.48%) being the most abundant compounds. Thujone and aromadendrene oxide contents increased significantly from 2010 to 2013, while camphor and dehydrocarveol contents decreased significantly during those 4 years. The quantitative changes in these 4 compounds according to the time of harvest can served as a quality index for ssuk essential oil. The ecological responses to recent climate changes may be reflected in the chemical components of natural plant essential oils.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.350-361
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• 2008

Canada's oil sands contain one of the largest reserves of oil in the world. According to recent estimates, there are nearly 180 billion barrels of oil in the Canadian oil sands trapped in a complex mixture of sand, water and clay. More than 40 companies have been currently operating or developing oil sands facilities since the first production in 1967. The process of oil sands upgrading is similar with down stream refinery, but the corrosion environment in upgrading refinery is often more severe than in the refinery because of high chlorides, mineral contents, carbonic acid, heavy viscosity and fouling, higher naphthenic acid [$NA-R(CH_{2})nCOOH$], and greater sulfur contents. Naphthenic acid corrosion (NAC) which is one of the most critical corrosion issues in up & downstream refinery plants was observed for the first time in 1920's in refinery distillation processes of Rumania, Azerbaizan (Baku), Venezuela, and California. As a first API report, the 11th annual meeting stated sources and mechanism of NAC in early 1930's. API has been developing the risk base standards, such as API RP580, 571, and Publication 581 which are based on the worst NAC damage in the world since 2000. Nevertheless not only the NAC phenomena and control in Canadian sands oil process are not much widely known but also there are still no engineering guidances for the Canadian sands oil in API standards. This paper will give NAC phenomina and materials selection guidance against NA environment in Canadian oil sands upgrading processes.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.136-147
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• 2015

신재생에너지 공급 의무화제도(Renewable Portfolio Standard(RPS))가 시행됨에 따라, 발전 사업자들은 의무공급량 이행을 위해 발전용 바이오중유를 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 발전용 바이오중유의 원료물질별 물성과 원료 조성에 따른 발전용 바이오중유의 품질특성을 알아보았다. 발전용 바이오중유와 원료유지의 연료특성은 전산가, 동점도, 금속분 등 고시 상 품질기준 항목을 분석하였으며, 적외선 분광광도계와 고성능 액체크로마토그래피를 이용하여 조성분포를 분석하였다. 팜유계열의 저가의 고산가 유지는 유리지방산 함량이 높아 전산가가 높고, 금속분에 의한 회분함량이 높았으며, 바이오디젤 공정부산물은 점도가 높았다. 동점도, 전산가, 금속분과 같은 발전용 바이오중유의 연료특성은 원료물질 의 조성 및 혼합비와 관련이 깊다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.783-788
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to optimize the manufacturing condition of spreadable modified butter by RSM. Based on the central composite design, the degree of optimization was expressed as a SFC as a dependent variable (Y, %) determined by NMR with 23 experimental groups. Three independent variables were the contents of butter ($X_1$, 35-75%), the contents of grape seed oil ($X_2$, 15-35%), and the contents of hydrogenated soybean oil ($X_3$, 0-4%). As the result, SFC at $10^{\circ}C$ was ranged from 32.37 to 42.76%. In addition, the regression coefficients were calculated for SFC at $10^{\circ}C$ by RSREG. The regression model equation for the SFC was $Y=39.18-0.04X_1X_3$. Consequently, the optimal contents for manufacturing spreadable modified butter were determined as 55.18% for butter, 40.78% for grape seed oil, and 4.08% for hydrogenated soybean oil, respectively. The predicted response value for SFC at $10^{\circ}C$ was 30.20%, comparable to the actual experimental SFC value as 29.85%. Finally hardness and spreadability in reference butter and spreadable modified butter produced under the optimal conditions was measured. The hardness in spreadable modified butter was 31.80 N as compared to 69.92 N in reference butter. The spreadability in spreadable modified butter was 5.6 point as compared to reference butter. This difference may be due to the contents of solid fat by butter and hydrogenated soybean oil. This study showed that the SFC value at $10^{\circ}C$ could be a suitable indicator for the manufacturing spreadable modified butter to predict important attributes such as mouth feel, hardness and spreadability.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 전기설비
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• pp.76-78
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• 2005

Moisture contents measurement is frequently used as one of parameters for degradation diagnosis of transformer insulation. In general Karl-Fisher method is mainly used for moisture contents till now. But this method is inconvenient because of dismounting transformer for sampling oil or paper, and also partial sampling. At latest Recovery Voltage Method(RVM) is noticed for complement of this method. RVM can directly estimate moisture contents of transformer insulations in field without dismounting transformer. In this paper the accelerated aging process of oil-paper samples have been investigated at a temperature up to 140$^{\circ}C$ for 500 hours. The oil-paper insulation samples have been measured at intervals of 100 hours. Next to, we have estimated moisture contents using both Karl-Fisher Titration Method and RVM. And we have compared with Karl-Fisher Titration Method and RVM for estimating moisture contents. At last we have verified reliability of RVM which is new measurement method.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2013

To secure raw materials of biodiesel production, the possibility of camellia (C. japonica L.) and tea (C. sinensis L.) seed oil was studied to produce biodiesel. In this research, crude oil contents and fatty acid compositions of seeds were analyzed by Solxlet and Gas chromatography (GC). The oil contents in the seeds of camellia were 69.8%~73.8%, and tea were 26.3%~29.4%. Among the fatty acids of camellia and tea oil, oleic acid was dominant. The unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 88.4% and 80.2% of the whole fatty acids of camellia and tea seed oil. Total seed oil content and fatty acid composition of tea seed were influenced by collecting date. Across maturation period, oil content of tea seed averaged 18.3% on $6^{th}$ September increasing to 27.9% by $11^{th}$ October. For largest seed yield and oil content, the optimum time to harvest tea is in middle october, and camellia is late september and thereafter. The extraction efficiency of oil from seeds by extraction methods was determined. Biodiesel were synthesized in 92.1~92.8% yields from camellia and tea oils by transesterification. The biodiesel was characterized by its physical and fuel properties including oxidation stability, iodine value and cold filter plugging point (CFPP). Oxidation stability of camellia was 8.6~8.8 hours and tea was 2.9~3.6 at $110^{\circ}C$. Camellia oil had considerably better oxidation stability and CFPP than tea oil.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1014-1023
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• 1998

The influences of fish oil and different levels of vitamin I supplement on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis have been studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received diethylnitrosamine (DEN)(200mg/kg body weight) and were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce murine chemical hepatocarcinogenic procedure. Placental glutathione S-transferase(GST-P) positive foci area, antioxidant enzymes(Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total- glutathione peroxidase (TGPx), glutathione S -transferase (GST)), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activities, and lipid peroxidation of microsomes(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)) were measured. Experimental animals were fed 15% corn or fish oil with 0, 40, 1,000, 10,000IU vitamin E /kg diet for 8 weeks. Vitamin E supplements decreased the area of GST-P positive foci in both groups. The higher the vitamin E levels, the smaller the area of GST-P positive foci were noticed. Compared to 0 IU vitamin E, 40 IU in corn oil and 1,000 IU in fish oil groups were effective in decreasing G57-P positive foci area. Fish oil groups tended to have smaller area of GST-P positive foci. fish oil groups showed lower body weight, lower activities of Cu/Zn-SOD and TGPx, higher TBARS contents, higher activities of GST, catalase, G6Pase, GR and higher liver/body ratio than corn oil groups. As the level of vitamin I increased, GST-P positive foci count, catalase activities, and TBARS tended to decrease. G6Pase activities tended to increase in both groups. At higher vitamin E levels, GST activities tended to decrease in fish oil groups. These results suggest that vitamin I has suppressive offects on hepatocellular chemical carcinogenesis probably through antioxidant eH:cts decreasing TBARS contents, $H_2O$$_2$, and organic peroxides. fish oil tended to have greated suppressive offects than corn oil on hepatocellular carcinogenesis. (Korean J Nutrition 31(6) : 1014-1023, 1998)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2014

참치유 보강 에멀젼에 첨가된 참기름은 클로로필의 존재 하에 $25^{\circ}C$, 1,700 lux의 빛에서 에멀젼 유지의 광산화를 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 참기름의 첨가는 에멀젼의 광산화 중 산성 조건에서 클로로필로부터 전환된 페오피틴의 분해속도를 낮추어 일중항산소 생성이 많았을 가능성에도 불구하고 일중항산소와 라디칼 소거능을 가진 인지방질, 토코페롤, 폴리페놀 화합물을 제공함으로써 참치유 보강 에멀젼 유지의 산화안정성을 개선하였으며 인지방질, 토코페롤에 비해 폴리페놀 화합물이 더 큰 영향을 주었다. 리그난 화합물은 에멀젼의 광산화 중 변화를 보이지 않아 물리적 기전에 의한 일중항산소 소거 작용을 암시하였다.