• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

The use of high amylose maize varieties significantly affected the alkaline-cooking process and characteristics of alkaline-processed food products, such as masa and tortilla chips. High amylose maize varieties had softer endosperm textures with move tightly attached pericarps than normal maize. Masa prepared from high amylose mutant maize was less cohesive than that of normal maize due to insufficient dispersion of amylopectin and excessive retrogradation of starches. Tortilla chips prepared from amylose-extender dull (ae du), amylomaize V, and Ⅶ had slightly increased oil absorption, while tortilla chips from dull (du) and amylose-extender sugary-2 (ae su-2) had oil contents similar to that of control chips. Increased oil absorption of the tortilla chips was due to their increased surface area. Tortilla chips produced from high amylose mutant maize had darker color than control chips, presumably due to the pigmented pericarp tissues, higher levels of reducing sugars, and phenolic compounds present in the kernel.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

An apparatus for measuring oil oxidation was developed, which is capable of being mounted to mechanical devices for detecting power of fluorescent light reflected from oil in real time as an indication of the oil oxidation. This device has an advantage over conventional fluorescence spectrometers where the thin film is required for the measurement. Clean and used oil samples (mineral and synthetic oils) were tested by the developed apparatus that calculates a fluorescence quantum yield and a light absorption coefficient of the oil based upon the signals from the two light-receiving members and evaluates the degree of oil oxidation of test oils based on the fluorescence quantum yield. Results generally show that the developed device is able to effectively evaluate oil oxidation characteristics on-site in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.359-369
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• 2011

The study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics of pellets manufactured with adding soybean oil, waste soybean oil, ozonized soybean oil and ozonized waste soybean oil to Larix kaemferi Carr sawdust. The characteristics of pellet included moisture contents, heating value, ash contents, apparent densities, durabilities, absorption ratio and elementary analysis. Moisture contents were shown 7.66~9.48% which satisfied the first grade (less than 10%) of quality standard of wood pellets announced by Korea Forest Research Institute. The heating value of the manufactured wood pellets in this study exceeded the first grade of quality standard (more than 4,300 kcal/kg) and it appeared that the pellets manufactured with adding oils and ozonized oils had more heating value than the control pellets. Ash contents 0.34~0.42% also passed the first grade (less than 0.7%) of quality standard and apparent densities were adequate for the first grade (640 kg/$m^3$) on the quality standard. Durabilities of the pellets manufactured with adding soybean oil and ozonized waste soybean oil were shown over the first grade (97.5 kg/$m^3$) of quality standard. In the general results of durabilities, the pellets manufactured with additives had better values than the control pellets. After 24 hours absorption ratio experiment, absorption ratio of pellets manufactured with additives also appeared much lower moisture absorption than the control pellets and they still had the same results after 5days absorption ratio experiment. Elementary analysis of the sulfur content was satisfied the first grade (less than 0.05%) of quality standard of wood pellets and the nitrogen content was also adequate for the first grade (less than 0.3%) of quality standard of wood pellets.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.222-222
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• 2011

Plastic product is increasing by the growth of its demand and most of refused plastics are incinerated or reclaimed. However, the refused plastic is not easily decomposed and has the environmental problem with its various toxic gas in case of incineration. Therefore, many countries such as USA, Japan, Germany and other developed industrial countries as well as Korea are interested in studying the recyclable resource of refused plastic. The macromolecular waste pyrolysis has the advantage of collecting of raw materials in high price and can at least get fuel gas or oil with high heat capacity. It also discharges low waste gas and low toxic gas including SOx, NOx and HCl heavy metals. However, pyrolyzed oil includes enough excess unsaturated hydrocarbons to form tar, which can cause the nozzle of engines to plug when pyrolyzed oil is used as fuel. Activated carbon was proven to have prominent adsorption capability among the other adsorbents that were mainly composed of carbon. This study examined the possibility of application in activated charcoal of its solid formation by analysing the feature of pyrolysis which is one of the chemical recycling methods and getting chemical analysis of the product and activated energy. Analyze the element of the oil produced by pyrolysis using GC-MS. The experiment of tar adsorption using fly-ash showed that fly-ash improved the optical intensity of pyrolyzed oil and decreased oxygen compounds in the pyrolyzed oil.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2018

Purpose: This study evaluated the feasibility of a near-infrared spectroscopy technique for the rancidity prediction of soybean oil. Methods: A near-infrared spectroscopy technique was used to evaluate the rancidity of soybean oils which were artificially deteriorated. A soybean oil sample was collected, and the acid values were measured using titrimetric analysis. In addition, the transmission spectra of the samples were obtained for whole test periods. The prediction model for the acid value was constructed by using a partial least-squares regression (PLSR) technique and the appropriate spectrum preprocessing methods. Furthermore, optimal wavelength selection methods such as variable importance in projection (VIP) and bootstrap of beta coefficients were applied to select the most appropriate variables from the preprocessed spectra. Results: There were significantly different increases in the acid values from the sixth days onwards during the 14-day test period. In addition, it was observed that the NIR spectra that exhibited intense absorption at 1,195 nm and 1,410 nm could indicate the degradation of soybean oil. The PLSR model developed using the Savitzky-Golay $2^{nd}$ order derivative method for preprocessing exhibited the highest performance in predicting the acid value of soybean oil samples. onclusions: The study helped establish the feasibility of predicting the rancidity of the soybean oil (using its acid value) by means of a NIR spectroscopy together with optimal variable selection methods successfully. The experimental results suggested that the wavelengths of 1,150 nm and 1,450 nm, which were highly correlated with the largest absorption by the second and first overtone of the C-H, O-H stretch vibrational transition, were caused by the deterioration of soybean oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.356-364
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• 2023

This study compared the physicochemical properties of soybean curd residue and black soybean curd residue produced by hot air-drying and freeze-drying. Regardless of drying method, the crude protein, crude ash, crude fiber contents, pH, L, a, b color values and water soluble index were higher in soybean curd residue, whereas total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity were higher in black soybean curd residue. Significant differences in water absorption index, oil absorption capacity and emulsion activity were observed between soybean curd residue and black soybean curd residue in freeze-drying. On the other hand, the emulsion stability was not significant difference in both hot-air drying and freeze-drying. The crude protein and crude fiber contents of soybean curd residue were not significant difference between hot-air drying and freeze-drying. Freeze-drying resulted in higher crude ash contents, pH, water absorption index, water soluble index, oil absorption capacity, emulsion activity and emulsion stability than hot-air drying. Hot-air drying have caused significantly higher water contents, water activity, total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity in soybean curd residue than freeze-drying. In conclusion, soybean type and drying methods affect the physicochemical and quality characteristics of soybean curd residue, which could be important factors in the manufacture of processed foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 2014

Bio fuel oil combustion experiments were successfully demonstrated at the 75 MWe oil-fired power plant without major equipment retrofit and 100% bio-fuel oil combustion was possible without big problems. The experimental data error correction was conducted and numerical model-based analysis technique was applied for the evaluation of the results. Incase of bio fuel oil combustion, heat absorption of radiative heat transfer section was reduced while convection section has opposite trend. The furnace exit gas temperature tends to rise slightly. Environment emissions such as NOx and SOx concentrations showed a tendency to decrease during the bio fuel oil combustion period. On the other hand, boiler efficiency was slightly underestimated.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1995

Oil dispersants using polyoxyethylene monooleate, polyoxyethylene oleylether, and poly(oxypropylene-oxyethylene)glycol block copolymer were prepared, and oil dispersant efficiency was measured using vertical shaking flask method to 4 kinds of Bunker B oil with different physical properties by appling the prepared dispersants. Although the dispersant efficiency was differed according to the differences of physical properties of Bunker B oil, the dispersant prepared using polyoxyethylene oleylether was the most effective to disperse the oil into water. The impurities like surfur contained in sample oil have to be removed by filteration to obtain the correct degree of absorption using UV spectrophotometer.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2016

Omega-3 rich fish oils are extremely labile, thus requiring control of oxidation and off flavor development. A recently proposed emulsification method, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition, was found to be a plausible method to enhance the characteristics of bioactive ingredients, especially lipids. The present work was designed to test the possibility of enhancing the uptake and utilization of omega-3 fatty acids present in fish oil. The bioavailability of nano-emulsified fish oil was monitored in terms of intestinal absorption as well as skin permeability by using the everted intestinal sac model and Franz cell model. The skin permeability and intestinal absorption characteristics was significantly improved by LbL emulsification with lecithin/chitosan/low methoxypectin. Multilayer encapsulation along with nano-emulsification can be a useful method to deliver biologically active lipids and related components, such as fish oil. The protective effect of this tool from lipid oxidation still needs to be verified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1963

1. Creosote in treated wood that exposed in open areas of outdoor is gradually lost by elapse of some period of time. This is the interst and important problem relating to decide the effect on the life extension of creosoted wood. As a general preservative losses occurring in wood treated by oil born preservative such as creosote oil are taken place boy the evaporating and washing activities of the exposed surfaces of wood due to the climatic conditions. Accordingly author intend to inspect differences in retention among species showing after creosoted blocks had been treated by evaporating and washing alternately for a definite time in the laboratory. 2. In this study rail road tie woods of Quercus aliena Blume, Fagus crenata Blume and Fraxinus mandchurica Ruprecht which entered into area for treatment at the plant, locating in Suwon, Korea, were selected to the test species. $2{\times}2{\times}2$ centimeter forty small wood blocks for each species were cut, treated by the mixed solution of equal 50% creosote and heavy oil (hot and cold method), and inspected absorption percents. After evaporation and washing treatments alternately to the intervals of definite time had been accomplished, the losses of creosote were inspected. 3. According to the results Quercus Fagus and Fraxinus are showing the values of 37.9, 87.3 and 59.3% in absorption, and these values were reduced into 28.7, 63.8 and 44.4% respectively by evaporating and washing treatments for a definite time. These indicate that losses of ease absorbing species are greater than difficult one and on the contrary difficult are lesser. However above reduced values are calculated to the 24.3, 26.9 and 25.1% when the absorption percents of each species were assumed as 100% retention respectively. Therefore actual differences of losses among species are lesser than those of absorption percents.