• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2017

In attempt to contribute in official monographs of Korean Pharmacopoeia, an HPLC method was developed and fully validated for the determination of tolperisone hydrochloride in tablets which have never been published in other forgein Pharmacopoeia. Analysis was carried out in an ODS column ($250{\times}4.6mm$ I.D., $5{\mu}m$) with common solvents include acetonitrile and ammonium hydrophosphate buffer as mobile phase. The assay was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method has good linearity in the range of $5-200{\mu}g/mL$ tolperisone. Intra-day precision varied between 0.04 and 0.10 %. Relative standard deviations of inter-day precision ranged between 0.43 and 1.24 % for peak area. The percentage recovery of the tolperisone ranged between 99.8 and 101.2 % in material. Recoveries in tablets were ranged between 98.7 and 100.8 %, thus confirmed the suitability of method for estimation of tolperisone hydrochloride in tablet dosage form.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.63-68
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• 2022

Given the competition between different tourist destinations to attract domestic and international tourists it is absolutely vital to examine their website efficacy on specific attributes. This study employs one of the recently developed multi-criteria decision-making method the Best-Worst Method to assess the state government official tourism website across four Indian states known for their tourism potential- Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan on specific attributes provided by the widely acknowledged WebQual instrument. Information Fit-to-Task and Trust emerged as the most important criterion. Relative advantage and Innovation the least important. The results of the study are easily interpretable and visual. They offer both an individual and comparative analysis of the perceived website efficacy on specific attributes to facilitate tourism stakeholders and website administrators to strategize and make their digital presence effective and competitive.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.6_1
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• pp.499-505
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• 2007

A method of improving the correctness and confidence in land use classification as well as urban spatial structure analysis of local governments using GIS and satellite imagery is suggested. This study also compares and analyzes LSAS (Land Suitability Assessment System) results using two approaches-LSAS with priority classification, and LSAS using standard estimation factors without priority classification. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are as follows. First, a method of maintaining up-to-date local government data by updating the LSAS database using high-resolution satellite imagery is suggested. Second, to formulate a scientific and reasonable land use plan from the viewpoint of territory development and urban management, a method of simultaneously processing the two described approaches is suggested. Finally, LSAS was constructed by using varieties of land information such as the cadastral map, the digital topographic map, varieties of thematic maps, and official land price data, and expects to utilize urban management plan establishment widely and effectively through regular data updating and problem resolution of data accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Background : A new extraction method-heated ultrasonic extraction was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for the extraction of major ginsenosides from ginseng extract; this new high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was compared with the official extraction method of Korean industrial standards and standard for health functional food. Methods and Results : Ginsenoside compounds were analyzed for 35 minutes by the new HPLC analysis method using a Halo$^{(R)}$ RP-Amide column. The new HPLC analysis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day and inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of each ginsenoside. The correlation coefficients (r2) for the calibration curves of the ginsenoside compounds were over 0.9997 in terms of linearity. The heated ultrasonic extraction method using ultrasonication for 30 minutes at $50^{\circ}C$ yielded higher amount of ginsenosides than the extraction method of the Korean industrial standards owing to the enhancement of extraction efficiency. Conclusions : Compared to the other extraction methods, the heated ultrasonic extraction method yielded a higher amount of ginsenoside Rb1 than Rg1 index compounds for the quality evaluation of ginseng roots.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2013

Polar pesticides like pymetrozine (log $P_{ow}$: -0.18) are known to be difficult to analyze. The analytical method of pymetrozine using hydromatrix included in the official method of KFDA was uncommon and provided ambiguous evidence to confirm both the identity and the quantity. Therefore, precise single residue analytical method was developed in representative crops for using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The pymetrozine residue was extracted with methanol from 11 representative crops which comprised apple, blueberry, broccoli, cabbage, cherry, crown daisy, hulled rice, Korean cabbage, potato, rice and watermelon. The extract was purified serially by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and silica solid phase extraction (SPE). For rice and hulled rice samples, n-hexane partition was additionally adopted to remove nonpolar interferences, mainly lipids. The residue levels were analyzed by HPLC with DAD, using $C_8$ column. LOQ (limit of quantitation) of pymetroizinie was 1 ng (S/N > 10) and MQL (method quantitation limit) was 0.01 mg/kg. Mean recoveries from 11 crop samples fortified at three levels (MQL, 10 ${\times}$ MQL and 50 ${\times}$ MQL) in triplicate were in the range of 83.1~98.5% with coefficients of variation (CV) of less than 10%, regardless of sample type, which satisfies the criteria of KFDA. The method established in this study could be applied to most of crops as an official and general method for analysis of pymetrozine residue.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

Objectives : Bupleuri Radix (Siho) is prescribed as the root of different Bupleurum species on the pharmarcopoeia in Korea and China. Moreover, other species and varieties of the genus Bupleurum have been also distributed on the herbal market as Bupleuri Radix. However, due to the morphological similarity and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms, the correct identification of this radix is very difficult. To develop a reliable method for correct identification and improving the quality standards of official Bupleuri Radix, we analyzed sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) region. Methods : PCR amplification of rDNA-ITS region was performed using ITS1 and ITS4 primer from 6 Bupleurum species and 1 variety, B. falcatum L. (Siho), an improved breed of B. falcatum L. (Samdo-Siho), B. chinense DC. (Buk-Siho), B. scorzonerifolium Willd. (Nam-Siho), B. longiadiatum Turcz. (Gae-Siho), B. euphorbiodes Nakai (Deungdae-Siho) and B. latissimum Nakai (Seom-Siho), and nucleotide sequence was determined after sub-cloning into the pGEM-Teasy vector. Authentic marker nucleotides were estimated by the analysis of ClastalW using entire rDNA-ITS sequence of three samples per species. Results : In comparative analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequences, we found specific nucleotides to distinguish Korean (B. falcatum L. and its variety) and Chinese official species (B. chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd.) from others at positions 411 and 447, and positions 89, 101, 415 and 599, respectively. Futhermore, we also found nucleotide indels (insertion and/or deletion) and substitutions to identify each of different Bupleurum species, 2 positions for B. falcatum L. and its variety, 6 positions for B. chinense DC., 49 positions for B. scorzonerifolium Willd., 8 positions for B. euphorbioides Nakai, 7 positions for B. longiradiatum Nakai and 9 positions for B. latissimum Nakai. These sequence differences at corresponding positions are avaliable nucleotide markers to determine the botanical origins of Bupleuri Radix. Moreover, we confirmed the phylogenetic relationship of B. latissimum Nakai, a Korean endemic speices, among Bupleurum species based on the rDNA-ITS sequence. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides would be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by the providing of definitive information that can identify each plant species and distinguish it from unauthentic adulterant Bupleurum species.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Dithiocarbamte fungicides have been used in crop cultivation for diseases protection and treatment. And cultivated agricultrual products were used as feedstuff, and residual pesticides are likely to be absorbed and transferred to livestock. But the maximum residue limits (MRLs) were not established for dithiocarbate fungicides in livestock products, and thus an analysis method was developed and validated for dithiocarbamate fungicides to establish MRLs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples were prepared using CS₂ trap method and detected with UV/VIS spectrophotometer. Calibration line (0.1 ~ 10 ㎍/mL) was linear with r² > 0.99. For validation, the recovery tests were carried out at three fortification levels (MLOQ, 10 MLOQ and 50 MLOQ) from livestock samples (egg, milk, beef, pork, and chicken). The results for mancozeb, propineb, and thiram ranged between 76.8 to 109.6%, 79.4 to 108.8%, and 80.2 to 107.8%, respectively and % RSD (relative standard deviation) values were below 9.5%. Furthermore, inter-laboratory analysis was performed to validate the method. CONCLUSION: All values were corresponded with the criteria ranges requested by both the CODEX (CAC/GL 40-1993, 2003) and MFDS guidelines (2016). This might be used as an official analytical method for determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides at established MRLs and monitoring.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1990

Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP) is mainly produced by marine dinoflagellates such as Protogonyaulax sp. and Pyrodinium sp.. The PSP was known to be accumulated in digestive gland of shellfish as result of feeding toxic dinoflagellates. PSP illness when occurs when one eats PSP intoxicated shellfish. Therefore PSP is becoming as serious problem in food hygiene and shellfish cultivation industry. The purpose of this study was to develop detoxification method for utilization of PSP intoxicated sea mussel and prevent from PSP illness. The PSP was extracted with 0.1 N HCl solution from the submitted sea mussel, then the toxicity was measured by mouse assay according to Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. No detoxification effect was observed by adding extracted juice of garlic and ginger. When the sea mussel homogenate was heated at various temperatures, the PSP toxicity was not changed significantly at below $70^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes but it was decreased as the heating temperature was increased. For example, when the sea mussel homogenate was heated at 100, $121^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes, the toxicity was decreased about 67 and 90%, respectively. When the sea mussel containing 645 $\mu$g PSP per 100g of edible meat was processed according to general shellfish canning procedure, the toxicity was decreased as the level of PSP undetected by mouse assay.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.31
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• pp.95-138
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide balanced view for official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee and to establish theoretical base which assesses them in order to devise systematization of utilizing Olympic historical material. In order to conduct this study, archival appraisal and appraisal theories of archival study were investigated, and the characteristics of official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee were examined. Based on these works, criteria and procedure were established with exploring the methods to assess the Seoul Olympic official documents. The details are as follows below. The prior research task conducted in this study was to understand penetrative analysis for archival structure, relationship between this analysis and the assessment, and tendency of appraisal methods which have been developed. Then, representative theories and general criteria and procedure of archival appraisal have been explored in order to grasp the concrete method of individual theories. Secondly, characteristics of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee's official documents have been identified to apply archival appraisal theories which have been found through the theoretical examination. Furthermore, suitable method has been explored, and the criteria and procedure have been presented in order to assess the official documents of Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee with generally considering of its characteristics. The significance of this study which came up with the study result above can be presented as follows. Based on the result of this study, it is assumed that the archival appraisal work for Seoul Olympic historical archives not only contributes to development of studies but also helps systematic usage and management of archives in sports field including Olympic by allowing the objective perception about them. Lastly, in order to develop sports history field and related studies, it is necessary to utilize archival theories for managing and using archives in sports field, and to precede the general and overall studies about it.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.66-72
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• 2021

Participation in official development assistance (ODA) construction projects can be proposed as a way to revitalize Korean small and medium-sized construction companies' entry into the overseas construction market. To this end, the necessary competency items were derived for the execution of the project, and a survey was conducted and an analysis of importance-current competency was performed. 24 out of a total of 32 competency items were analyzed as having a low level of competency compared to their importance, indicating that it is urgent to strengthen corporate-level capabilities for the smooth execution of related projects in the future. In detail, it is judged that it is necessary to seek to establish a preferential capacity-strengthening plan for contract management-related items such as the 'Construction-related fundamental laws, Contract management method, and International administration negotiation'.