• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1185-1189
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• 2008

Two HPLC methods such as cefadroxil and cefalexin methods were compared in their performance for the quantitative analysis of the content and purity of $\beta$ -lactamic antibiotic, cefradine, for six bulk drug samples. Between the two methods, the cefadroxil method prescribed by the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) for the determination of impurities in cefradoxil was superior to the cefalexin method prescribed by the EP and by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) for the determination of cefalexin impurity in cefradine in terms of the greater stability of the chromatogram baselines and the higher precision, i.e., the lower % relative standard deviation (RSD). Based on the comparison of the two HPLC methods, the cefadroxil method was recommended to replace the TLC method, which has been prescribed by the EP as the official method for determination of extraneous impurities in cefradine.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.379-384
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• 2005

A high-performance liquid chromatography assay method for oxolinic acid in fish products was developed, evaluated and validated through the monitoring of oxolinic acid based on farming and distribution. The recovery rate of the developed method was $102.3-106.7\%$ as compared to conventional methods. The stock solution was stable for 3 weeks under refrigerated condition at $4^{\circ}C$ The performance limit was evaluated as 0.01ppm of oxolinic acid in fish muscle. 478 fish samples such as olive flounder, genuine porgy, common sea bass and black rock fish collected from fish farms in the coastal area from September 2001 to October 2004 were analyzed to evaluate overall efficiency of the modified method and to monitor the actual condition of oxolinic acid usage in fish farm. According to the monitoring results, the modified method was suitable for analysis of oxolinic acid in fish muscle and oxolinic acid might be used in a small portion of fish farms. The suggested analysis method of oxolinic acid was registered in the Korean Official Methods of Food Analysis and is being utilized for fishery products by the Korea Food and Drug Adminstration and the National Fisheries Products Quality Inspection Service.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.30-34
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• 2007

Structural integrity of railway vehicles should last for a long period against various and continuous fatigue loadings, and the carbody structures of railway vehicle are manufactured by applying multiform welding types for each material. Since the most of cracks are occurred and proceeded at the vicinity of welding area during the lifetime of carbody structure, the fatigue strength evaluation for welding area of carbody structure should have been carried out. Rotem Company has evaluated lifetime and fatigue strength of carbody structure according to the fatigue analysis based on the international standard and/or inner-official regulation. This study introduces the fatigue analysis method that we have evaluated and calculated the damages for the welding areas of carbody structure under various fatigue loading conditions using cumulative fatigue damage rule(Miner's rule) to verify whether the cumulative damage does exceed unity. This study contains the fatigue test of specimens to derive stress-life relations(S-N curve), sub-modeling analysis and the calculation of cumulative damages under fatigue loading. The fatigue analysis verifies the welding area shall be capable of withstanding under fatigue loading, identifies how critical area shall be selected and presents the principles to be used for design verification.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.75-84
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• 2022

The efficiency of the regional fiscal policy implementation is based on the achievement of target criteria in the formation and distribution of own financial resources of local budgets, reducing their deficit and reducing dependence on transfers. It is also relevant to compare the development of financial autonomy of regions in the course of decentralisation of fiscal relations. The study consists in the cluster analysis of the effectiveness of fiscal policy implementation in the context of 24 regions and the capital city of Kyiv (except for temporarily occupied territories) under conditions of fiscal decentralisation. Clustering of the regions of Ukraine by 18 indicators of fiscal policy implementation efficiency was carried out using Ward's minimum variance method and k-means clustering algorithm. As a result, the regions of Ukraine are grouped into 5 homogeneous clusters. For each cluster measures were developed to increase own revenues and minimize dependence on official transfers to increase the level of financial autonomy of the regions. It has been proved that clustering algorithms are an effective tool in assessing the effectiveness of fiscal policy implementation at the regional level and stimulating further expansion of financial decentralisation of regions.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.102-113
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• 2012

Our study researched on unification of KS I ISO standard harmonized with ISO and Official Test Method enacted by Korean Ministry of Environment-drinking water and indoor air quality. We reviewed KS methods related to drinking water and indoor air quality for about 23,000 KS methods. KS methods related environmental field are classified as KS I, total 635 methods and 583 KS I methods were harmonized with ISO. For Environmental Standard methods for drinking water, 100 methods were reviewed according to 232 KS methods related to ISO/ TC 147 "Water Quality". Environmental Standard methods for indoor air quality were reviewed according to 95 KS standard methods related to ISO/TC 146 "Air Quality". By reviews and comparison tests for unifiable ES for drinking water and indoor air quality with KS methods harmonized with ISO, it was evaluated that for 100 ES methods for drinking water, 23 ES methods were unification complete, 29 ES methods were unification possible, 12 ES methods were unification impossible, no corresponding methods were found in KS I ISO for 36 ES methods and for 17 ES methods for indoor air quality,1 ES methods were unification complete, 3 ES methods were unification possible, 3 ES methods were impossible, no corresponding methods were found in KS I ISO for 10 ES methods.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

This paper explains the Japanese present situations relevant to the fire resistance performance. Performance-based fire provisions was introduced in 1998 for the first time when the Building Standard Law was amended. However, performance-based fire resistance design had been used since long before the official introduction of performance-based provisions. A Comprehensive Technology Development Project of Ministry of Construction from 1982 to 1986 established a technical basis for performance-based fire safety engineering in Japan. A system of calculation methods for fire resistance verification was prescribed in the Ministry Notification in 2000 utilizing the results of this project as a background. This method, referred to as the Fire Resistance Verification Method (FRVM), is the standard method to verify the fire resistance performance of principal building parts such as columns, beams, and walls of steel, concrete, or wood structured buildings. For tall buildings, however, more advanced method for performance verification is often necessary because new building materials or structural systems are often used for these buildings. An example project of tall building owned by a major newspaper company is presented in this paper. Advanced thermal deformation analysis is executed to secure the fire resistance of the building.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.432-439
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: An official analytical method was developed to determine etofenprox residues in agricultural commodities using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS AND RESULTS: The etofenprox residue was extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised rice grain, apple, mandarin, cabbage, and soybean. The extract was then serially purified by liquid-liquid partition and Florisil column chromatography. For rice and soybean samples, acetonitrile/n-hexane partition was additionally coupled to remove nonpolar lipids. Reversed phase HPLC using an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate etofenprox from co-extractives. Intact etofenprox was sensitively detected by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm. Recovery experiment at the quantitation limit validated that the proposed method could apparently determine the etofenprox residue at 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries from five crop samples fortified at three levels in triplicate were in the range of 93.6~106.4%. Relative standard deviations of the analytical method were all less than 10%, irrespective of crop types. A selected-ion monitoring LC/mass spectrometry with positive atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization was also provided to confirm the suspected residue. CONCLUSION(s): The proposed method is simple, rapid and sensitive enough to be employed in routine inspection or monitoring of agricultural products for the etofenprox residue.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Today the malicious approach and information threat against a network system increase and, the demage about this spread to persnal user from company. The product which provides only unit security function like an infiltration detection system and an infiltration interception system reached the limits about the composition infiltration which is being turn out dispersion anger and intelligence anger Necessity of integrated security civil official is raising its head using various security product about infiltration detection, confrontation and reverse tracking of hacker. Because of the quantity to be many analysis of the event which is transmitted from the various security product and infiltration alarm, analysis is difficult. So server is becoming the charge of their side. Consequently the dissertation will research the method to axis infiltration alarm data to solve like this problem.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 1997

The Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) by potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate is used as a measure of the organic matter content of a sample. Newly proposed $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ analysis method to be list at Korean Official Method was made from analysis and comparison of the experimental process on Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS), American Open Reflux and Closed Reflux Methods. New $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ method had better the qualitative and reproducible COD results than another methods as a result of the tested four times repeatedly by using Lakes water Plant wastewater. The COD data ratio by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ methods was 2-3, 3, 2-17 and 3-4 times respectively when its data had compared with the lakes water and treated water of domestic and experimental wastewater, and raw wastewater which is generated at the manufacturing process of 6 steps and treated wastewater of chemistry source. Its ratio indicated to 2-4 and 2-3 times respectively on raw wastewater and plant wastewater of Chemistry, rubber and plastic, fiber, metal molding source. Oxidation ratio of benzene and ethyl benzene by $KMnO_{4}$ method was nearly zero, but the oxidation ratio by $K$_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ method was 50%, 70% respectively. Also, Oxidation ratio of phenol by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ methods was 80%, 100% respectively, and trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene were not nearly oxidizd by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ methods. As the above contents, oxidation ratio and COD results by $KMnO_{4}$ and $K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}$ were different from various from various compounds and samples respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to improve effectiveness of Korea's Official Development Assistance (ODA) provided to developing countries. To do this, we analyze the efficiency of ODA provided to 38 recipient countries by Korea through data envelope analysis method. The effects of four factors including population, GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention on efficiency are also investigated by utilizing tobit regression analysis. As a result of the DEA efficiency analysis, it is found that the average efficiency score of the total is about 59%. By region, the average efficiency score of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, and the East and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) are about 42%, 68%, 70%, and 74%, respectively. It indicates that the Asian countries are inefficient compared to countries of the other regions. It is also found that factors of population, GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention have statistically significant effects on efficiency at 0.01 significance level. In the case of the population, the higher the population of the recipient country, the more negative (-) effect is on the efficiency. The other factors such as GDP, economic decline and poverty, and external intervention have positive effects on the efficiency.