• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2011

Most of the intraoral infections origin in odontogenic infection. Odontogenic infection spreads out along the least resistant path. In maxilla, the thickness between periapical area and cortical bone is narrower on the buccal side than the palatal side. So infection usually spreads out along the buccal side rather than the palatal side. The failure of root canal treatment more frequently occurs on the buccal root compared to the palatal root. So the palatal abscess is rarer than the buccal abscess. It is difficult to differential diagnosis palatal abscess from salivary gland tumors, benign neural tumors and cysts on the palate. Therefore, when the palatal swelling is observed in children, you need to prevent the systemic spread of infection by early diagnosis of the odontogenic palatal abscess. In these cases, the patient who complained of the pain in deciduous teeth and the palatal swelling was diagnosed with odontogenic palatal abscess. The patient was treated with extraction and antibiotic medication. The palatal abscess was resolved, and we report after treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2006

Brain abscess is a rare, extremely aggressive, life-threatening infection. It may occur following : infection of contiguous structure, hematogenous spread, or cranial trauma/surgery. Dental pathology and/or treatment have been linked to a small number of brain abscesses as possible source of infection. 50-year-old male patient was presented with a brain abscess caused by Streptococcus viridans. In the case presented, the significant oral findings were chronic periapical and periodontal infection due to root remnant of lower right 3rd molar. A case history and brief literature review of brain abscess related odontogenic infection was presented after successful treatment with antibiotics and craniotomy.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.745-752
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• 2002

Osteomyelitis is an exhaustive disease whose main feature is an inflammation of inner part of bone, bone marrow. In oral and maxillofacial area, we have maxillary and mandibular osteomyelitis and the latter is dominant because of its impaired blood supply. The main cause of osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection and the ways of infections are by periapical odontogenic infection, fracture, post-operative complication, and periodontal disease. The predominant etiologic factor is periapical odontogenic infection mostly caused by advanced dental caries. It is generally believed that periodontal disease could be a cause of osteomyelitis. But periodontal disease is usually confined to the alveolar bone area and not extends to the underlying bone marrow. Accordingly periodontal infection per se rarely cause produce oseomyelitis. Even though osteomyeltis could be occurred by periodontal disease, its virulence of infection is milder than periapical odontogenic infection. So it usually provokes sclerosing or hyperplastic osteomyelitis rather than suppurative type. We had a case of suppurative osteomyelitis caused by periodontal disease and treated it with periodontal and oral and maxillofacial surgical method.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 1999

Incidence and mortality rate of maxillofacial infection is relatively low in the era of antibiotics. Despite the use of antibiotics, delayed treatment, underlying systemic diseases, drug-resistant microorganisms may result in life-threatening situations. The deep neck infection developed from odontogenic infection may result in sepsis, mediastinitis, aspiration pneumonia, asphyxia. Sepsis is the most dangerous complication which can quickly result in a number of lethal situations. The treatment of sepsis includes awareness of such complication, use of sensitive antibiotics, removal of infection source, and hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic support. We experienced a patient who died of sepsis, which developed from odontogenic infection. The initial diagnosis was a buccal space cellulitis. However, in spite of medical and surgical treatment, this progressed to Ludwig's angina and then deep neck infection and finally sepsis. On the 10th hospital day, the patient died of multiorgan failure caused by sepsis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.314-319
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• 2010

Odontogenic infections are a normally locally confined, self-limiting process that is easily treated by antibiotic therapy and local surgical treatment. However, it may spread into the surrounding tissues through a perforation of the bone, and into contiguous fascial spaces or planes like the primary or secondary fascial spaces. If the infection extends widely, it may spread into the lateral pharyngeal and retropharyngeal space. The retropharyngeal space is located posterior to the pharynx. If an odontogenic infection spreads into this space, severe life-threatening complications will occur, such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, pericarditis, pleurisy, pulmonary abscess, aspiration pneumonia and hematogenous dissemination to the distant organs. The mortality rate of mediastinitis ranges from 35% to 50%. Therefore, a rapid evaluation and treatment are essential for treating retropharyngeal space abscesses and preventing severe complications. Recently, we encountered two cases of a retropharyngeal space abscess due to the spread of an odontogenic infection. In all patients, early diagnosis was performed by computed tomography scanning and a physical examination. All patients were treated successfully by extensive surgical and antibiotic therapy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.106-117
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• 2001

This article is to study the risk factors of odontogenic infection which includes not only dental decays but also gumboils and cellulitises. 7936 young patients who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Dental Hospital of Yonsei University from Jan 1st 1991 until Dec 31st 1992 were reviewed and statistically analyzed. The results are: 1. Frequencies of the source of odontogenic infection are ordered from high to low: Gumboil Upper A>D>B>C Lower D>E>A>D Cellulitis Upper D>A>E>B>C Lower D>E 2. There was no statistically significant relationship between odontogenic infection and seasonal weather change.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.324-331
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• 2019

Objectives: This study investigated the types and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria in odontogenic abscesses. Materials and Methods: Pus specimens from 1,772 patients were collected from affected areas during incision and drainage, and bacterial cultures and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed. The number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was analyzed relative to the total number of bacteria that were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Results: Bacterial cultures from 1,772 patients showed a total of 2,489 bacterial species, 2,101 gram-positive and 388 gram-negative. For penicillin G susceptibility tests, 2 out of 31 Staphylococcus aureus strains tested showed sensitivity and 29 showed resistance. For ampicillin susceptibility tests, all 11 S. aureus strains tested showed resistance. In ampicillin susceptibility tests, 46 out of 50 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae strains tested showed resistance. Conclusion: When treating odontogenic maxillofacial abscesses, it is appropriate to use antibiotics other than penicillin G and ampicillin as the first-line treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 1991

Pyogenic orofacial infections are most commonly odontogenic in origin. Although such infections are usually self-limiting and spatially confined, purulent material may occasionally borrow deeply into contiguous fascial space or planes far from the initial site of involvement. The incidence of orofacial infection remains low in this modern era of preventive dental care and antibiotic therapy, but severe orofacial infections are most frequently observed in the medically compromised patients. We experienced 5 cases of severe orofacial odontogenic infection associated with medical diseases, and then concluded as follows : 1. The average hospitalized period was about 5 weeks, and the signs that indicated that the infections were controlled usually appeared in third week after incision and drainage. 2. The involved medical diseases were diabetes mellitus iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, malnutrition, etc. 3. The medical diseases should be treated coincidently with control of infection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 2007

Orbital infection or inflammation is a rare but serious complication of an odontogenic infection. Odontogenic infection can spread to the orbit by one or more of several paths. Such extension is potentially dangerous and can lead to loss of vision or worse. 5-cases of orbital infection and inflammation secondary to infection from upper or lower molar teeth, which extended to the subperiosteal or the retrobulbar region of the orbit, are presented in this report. The infections spreaded to the infratemporal and temporal fossa or the ethmoidal labyrinth, and then to the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure or the lamina papyracea. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, route of spread, value of serial CT scanning, treatment and possible complications are reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.176-180
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• 2015

Objectives: The increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance is an outcome of evolution. Most patients presenting with odontogenic space infections also have associated systemic co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus resulting in impaired host defense. The present study aims to compare the odontogenic spaces involved, antibiotic susceptibility of microorganisms, length of hospital stay, and the influence of systemic comorbidities on treatment outcome in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: A 2-year prospective study from January 2012 to January 2014 was conducted on patients with odontogenic maxillofacial space infections. The patients were divided into two groups based on their glycemic levels. The data were compiled and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 188 patients were included in the study that underwent surgical incision and drainage, removal of infection source, specimen collection for culture-sensitivity, and evaluation of diabetic status. Sixty-one out of 188 patients were found to be diabetic. The submandibular space was the most commonly involved space, and the most prevalent microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae in diabetics and group D Streptococcus in the nondiabetic group. Conclusion: The submandibular space was found to be the most commonly involved space, irrespective of glycemic control. Empiric antibiotic therapy with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid combined with metronidazole with optimal glycemic control and surgical drainage of infection led to resolution of infection in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients. The average length of hospital stay was found to be relatively longer in diabetic individuals.