• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2001

The oxidative stress causes the cell damage and death and thereby, stimulates membrane lipid peroxidation. In this study, the correlation between the lipid peroxidation product and the parameter of liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) was investigated in cholestasis induced rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (sham: sham operation, BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II : bile duct ligation/scission) and were observed for 2 or 4 weeks. After observation period, the organs were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. Sera and liver tissue were used for the measurement of malondealdehyde (MDA), parameter of clinical biochemistry, total collagen content and the staining. The ratio of organ weight/body weight in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II was significantly increased compared to sham operated group. Serological parameters (Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase and Total bilirubin) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group were significantly higher than those in sham operated group. Concentration of MDA in BDL/S-I (261%) and BDL/S-II(790%) was significantly increased compared to MDA in sham operated group. And the content of hydroxyproline (hyp) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group was significantly increased 2~4 times than in sham operated group. The good correlations between hyp in liver tissue and MDA in sera of sham operated group and all operated group were found (r=0.825). The significantly higher value of MDA, hyp and serological parameters in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group suggests the stimulation of lipid peroxidation and chronic liver damage. Especially the activation of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of liver fibrosis was stronger in BDL/S-II group than in BDL/S-I group. The stronger fibrosis, portal-portal septum formation, the more massive bile duct proliferation in portal triads and stroma, and hepatocytes swelling were observed in liver tissue of and BDL/S-II group compared to BDL/S-I group. Conclusively, a good correlation between MDA as a lipid peroxidation marker and hyp as a liver fibrotic parameter could be connected with the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, cholestasis condition may cause jaundice, activation of lipid peroxidation, and collagen accumulation in liver. Additionally, optimal observation period of bile duct obstruction for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in rats would be four weeks.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2005

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) is a common disease in the field of otorhinolaryngology and is characterized by repeated upper airway occlusions occurring during sleep. OSAS can occur due to various etiologies of the nasal, oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal airway in adults. Nasal obstruction can be caused by septal deviation, nasal polyps, concha bullosa, choanal atresia, neoplasms, foreign body, postoperative/post-traumatic synechiae, various rhinitis and so on. There are various kinds of surgical treatment of OSAS including nasal surgery, LAUP, UPPP, surgery of tongue base, tracheostomy and so on, but the effect of nasal surgery on snoring and OSAS is controversial. The authors report the case of a patient who had experienced nasal obstruction, moderate snoring and OSAS and who improved after septoplasty and turbinoplasty.

• The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2017

Background/Aim: There is little data on whether plastic stents with a larger diameter are patent for longer than small stents in patients with bile duct cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the stent survival between 7-French (Fr) and 10-Fr plastic stents and evaluate the factors affecting stent survival. Methods: Patients with biliary obstruction due to biliary tract cancer were enrolled at Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from January 2010 to October 2014. Results: A total of 215 patients (7-Fr:10-Fr = 89:126 patients) were retrospectively enrolled. The primary tumor sites were common bile duct (n = 111), hilar (n = 45), and ampulla of Vater (n = 59). Rates of stent migration and stent obstruction were not different between the two groups. The median duration of stent survival was 3.3 months in the 7-Fr group and 5.9 months in the 10-Fr group (p = 0.543). The diameter of the stent did not have an effect on stent survival (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.73, p = 0.649). Conclusions: 7-Fr and 10-Fr stents have similar rates of stent migration and stent obstruction. The stent survival of 7-Fr was not inferior to 10-Fr stents in the management of biliary tract cancer.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.162-170
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• 2000

This study quantified the effects of urban greenspace on microclimate amelioration and atmospheric $CO_2$ reduction for several residential districts selected in Korea and Japan. The study also explored fire obstruction by urban trees to develop systematic planting guidelines. Transpiration by a Zelkova serrata tree (diameter at breast height: 15 cm) in a day of August equaled cooling effect of about 3 air conditioners running for 12 hours. Average air temperature for the growing season was 0.5$^{\circ}C$ and 1.2$^{\circ}C$ cooler, respectively, in districts with 12% and 22% cover of woody plants than in a district with no vegetation. Annual $CO_2$ uptake and $O_2$ production by woody plants were 3 times greater in a district which was 2 times higher in their cover. Woody plants played, in a district with their 22% cover, an important role through offsetting total $CO_2$ emission from the district by about 3% annually, and through producing 10% of annual $O_2$ requirement by all residents within the district. Appropriate planning strategies of residential greenspace, including species selection, planting layout, greenspace enlargement, and maintenance were suggested to improve microclimate amelioration, air purification, and fire obstruction.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-145
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of ethical awareness about pandemic and health beliefs of standard precaution on performance standard precaution of nursing students. The survey was performed on 163 nursing students in three universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaires and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 25.0 program. Study findings revealed that performance standard precautions was significantly correlated with ethical awareness about pandemic(r=.17, p=.033), perceived susceptibility(r=.33, p<.001), perceived severity (r=.24, p=.003), perceived benefits(r=.35, p<.001) and perceived obstruction(r=-.31, p<.001). The factors that had the influences on performance standard precaution were the perceived benefits(β=.20, p=.014)) and perceived obstruction(β=-.20, p=.008). And the explanation power of the regression model appeared as being 18.1%(F=8.09, p<.001). It is necessary to develop a systematic infection education program that considers ethical awareness, and perceived severity and obstruction among health beliefs of standard precaution to improve performance standard precaution of nursing students.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2011

Imperforate hymen is, with an incidence of 0.1%, a rare female anomaly, which can appear with symptoms such as lower abdominal pain, primary amenorrhea, dysuria, anuria, caused by retention of menstrual blood after the onset of menstruation. Generally urinary retention is caused by psychological conditions, drug effect, infection or congenital anomaly causing acute urinary obstruction. We experienced a patient with symptoms of acute urinary retention, suggesting acute urinary obstruction. The cause for the retention turned out to be an imperforated hymen, which should therefore be mentioned in the literature as a possible cause in cases suspected of urinary retention.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2007

Objectives : Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clincal effect of herbal medicine(Gamitonggue-tang) in patients with allergic rhinitis by using acoustic rhinometry. Methods : A total of 22 individuals with allergic rhinitis who visited the Dept. of Oriental Medical Opthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology of Daegu Hanny Oriental Medical Center from June 1st, 2006 to February 28th, 2007 were included in this study. In this study, they were only treated with Gamitonggue-tang. For 4 weaks the flow resistance of nasal cavity and total nasal volume, nasal minimum cross-sectional area were measured by acoustic rhinometry at the 1st, the 14th and the 28th day. And symptom score of nasal obstruction were recorded. Results : There were no significant differences on sex, age and onset. After treatment(2, 4 weeks) the calculated flow resistance of nasal cavity, total nasal volume and nasal minimum cross-sectional showed no significant changes(p>0.05). But symptom score of nasal obstruction showed significant changes(p<0.05). Conclusions : Considering the above results, treatment with herbal medine(Gamitonggue-tang) could be efficacious in allergic rhinitis. Further studies in other methods are needed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 1990

On the Scholastic Achievement Test grads it was compared Chung Nam's with Cheon Puk by dividing a city, a farm village, a fishing village and a mountine village. The results were as follows ; 1. The regional difference of arerage grades were that the first is a large city, the second amiddle city, the third a mountine villgae, the fourth a fishing village, the last a farm village all the same Chung Nam and Cheon Puk. 2. The grades of acity and a farm of Chung Nam are higher then these of Cheon Puk. 3. Cheon Puk is higher than Chung Nam on a middle city, a mountine and a fishing's grades. 4. The characteristic was that the region of non benefits of civilization effect obstruction of intelligence less than a city mountine village. 5. It is considered that the obstruction of intelligence may diminish when eating marine products at a fishing village than a city-fishing village by side dish. From the above results, acknowledging a regional charater, it is suggested that improrement of food life imitate city shund sublate lest the physiological function of Bie Wee(脾胃) should converse a puthological state, get out of the food life civilization misled abnormal food life to normal. Systemic study must continue for maintaining of tradition of regional difference food life. By that manner excellent food life civilization may creat. Therefore it is recognized that experience accumulation of Oriental Medicine theory also close contact food life, so may make constent effort.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.283-287
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• 2020

Background: Closed reduction is the standard treatment for nasal bone fractures, which are the most common type of facial bone fractures. We investigated the effect of closed reduction on quality of life. Methods: The 15-dimensional health-related quality of life survey was administered to 120 patients who underwent closed reduction under general anesthesia for nasal bone fractures from February 2018 to December 2019, on both the day after surgery and 3 months after surgery. Three months postoperatively, the presence or absence of five nasal symptoms (nose obstruction, snoring, pain, nasal secretions, and aesthetic dissatisfaction) was also evaluated. Results: The quality of life items that showed significant changes between immediately after surgery and 3 months postoperatively were breathing, sleeping, speech, excretion, and discomfort. Low scores were found at 3 months for breathing, sleeping, and distress. There were 31 patients (25.83%) with nose obstruction, 25 (20.83%) with snoring, 12 (10.00%), with pain, 11 (9.17%) with nasal secretions, and 29 (24.17%) with aesthetic dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Closed reduction affected patients' quality of life, although most aspects improved significantly after 3 months. However, it was not possible to rule out deterioration of quality of life due to complications and dissatisfaction after surgery.