• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.111-127
• /
• 2023

Objectives: Pre-pregnancy diet has an important role in preparing for healthy generation. However, evidence on this issue has been scarce. A scoping review synthesising current evidence will support the demand to map 'what has been researched' on pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health. Methods: Systematic search was performed using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) framework in electronic databases. Articles were screened for eligibility, summarized, and the quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool. The review structure complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guide. Results: Forty-two articles were included after full-text screening. Twenty-five studies were in high-income countries (HICs), six in each upper-middle income, five in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), and one in low-income countries (LIC). Based on the regions: North America (n=16), Europe (n=5), South America (n=4), Australia (n=4), Asia (n=5), Middle East (n=2), and sub-Saharan Africa (n=1). The two-most observed diet-related exposures were dietary pattern (n=17) and dietary quality (n=12). The most assessed outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus (n=28) and fetal and newborn anthropometry (n=7). The average quality score±standard deviation was 70±18%. Conclusions: Research related to pre-pregnancy diet is still concentrated in HICs. The context of diet may vary; therefore, future research is encouraged in LMICs and LICs context, and Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Pacific, and African regions. Some maternal and child nutrition-related morbidity, such as anemia and micronutrient deficiencies, have not been discussed. Research on these aspects will benefit to fill in the gaps related to pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2010

해안매립지반에서 압밀층 두께는 위치마다 상이하기 때문에 이차압축침하를 공간적으로 평가해야 한다. 이러한 이차압축침하량의 공간적인 분포가 포함하고 있는 불확실성을 합리적으로 평가하기 위해 확률론적 방법의 필요하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 정규크리깅기법으로 추정된 압밀층의 공간적인 분포 추정결과와 지반정수들의 평균과 표준편차를 이용하여 이차압축침하량의 평균과 표준편차를 분석영역 전체에 대하여 산정하였다. 이러한 결과를 이용하여 이차압축침하량이 특정 시간에서 설계기준을 초과하는 영역을 확률론적 방법을 이용하여 평가하였으며, 허용기준을 초과하는 영역의 면적은$C_{\alpha}/(1+e_o)$의 변동계수가 크고 확률론적 설계기준 a 가 작을수록 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 국내에서 확률론적인 설계기준이 확립될 경우에는 연약지반설계에 본 논문에서 제시한 확률론적인 방법들을 직접적으로 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제26권9호
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2010

압밀침하량과 속도에 영향을 미치는 압밀층 두께와 심도가 위치마다 상이하므로 압밀침하와 속도는 공간적 평가방법 이용하여 분석되어야 한다. 또한, 확률론적 방법을 이용하여 공간적인 압밀침하 및 속도 추정결과의 불확실성을 평가 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 압밀침하와 속도를 공간적으로 평가하기 위하여 크리깅기법으로 추정한 공간적인 지층분포를 이용하였다. 또한, 지반정수의 통계량과 확률분포형을 이용하여 압밀침하 및 속도의 불확실성을 평가하였다. 이 결과와 이용하여 압밀시간을 단축하기 위해 연직배수공법을 적용해야 하는 면적과 최종 설계지반표고를 맞추기 위해 추가성토를 수행해야 하는 면적을 분석하였으며, 이러한 분석결과는 지반정수들의 변동성에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 제시한 분석절차와 방법은 지반공학적 설계의 의사결정과정에 사용될 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권5호
• /
• pp.1519-1526
• /
• 2023

For the first time Aluminium-BariumeZinc oxide nanocomposite (ZABONC) was synthesized by solution combustion method where calcination was carried out at low temperatures (600℃) to study the electromagnetic (EM) (X/γ) radiation shielding properties. Further for characterization purpose standard techniques like PXRD, SEM, UV-VISIBLE, FTIR were used to find phase purity, functional groups, surface morphology, and to do structural analysis and energy band gap determination. The PXRD pattern shows (hkl) planes corresponding to spinel cubic phase of ZnAl₂O4, cubic Ba(NO₃)₂, α and γ phase of Al₂O₃ which clearly confirms the formation of complex nano composite. From SEM histogram mean size of nano particles was calculated and is in the order of 17 nm. Wood and Tauc's relation direct energy band gap calculation gives energy gap of 2.9 eV. In addition, EM (X/γ) shielding properties were measured and compared with the theoretical ones using standard procedures (NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer MCA). For energy above 356 keV the measured shielding parameters agree well with the theory, while below this value slight deviation is observed, due to the influence of atomic/crystallite size of the ZABONC. Hence synthesized ZABONC can be used as a shielding material in EM (X/γ) radiation shielding.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.142-149
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study seeks to compare the dosimetric parameters of the bulk electron density (ED) approach and synthetic computed tomography (CT) image in terms of position variation of the air cavity in magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) for patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: This study included nine patients that previously received MRgRT and their simulation CT and magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected. Air cavities were manually delineated on simulation CT and MR images in the treatment planning system for each patient. The synthetic CT images were generated using the deep learning model trained in a prior study. Two more plans with identical beam parameters were recalculated with ED maps that were either manually overridden by the cavities or derived from the synthetic CT. Dose calculation accuracy was explored in terms of dose-volume histogram parameters and gamma analysis. Results: The D_95% averages were 48.80 Gy, 48.50 Gy, and 48.23 Gy for the original, manually assigned, and synthetic CT-based dose distributions, respectively. The greatest deviation was observed for one patient, whose D_95% to synthetic CT was 1.84 Gy higher than the original plan. Conclusions: The variation of the air cavity position in the gastrointestinal area affects the treatment dose calculation. Synthetic CT-based ED modification would be a significant option for shortening the time-consuming process and improving MRgRT treatment accuracy.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제30권5D호
• /
• pp.497-504
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 최근 10년간의 수원과 의정부지역의 국도 포장구간의 수명 데이터를 기반으로 신뢰성 개념을 도입하여 포장 수명의 고장확률, 신뢰도, 평균 수명 등의 정보를 산정하는 방안을 제시하였다. 모수적 추론 방법인 최우추정법과 확률지를 이용하여 최적 수명분포형태가 대수정규분포임을 확인하였으며, 본 연구에서 제안한 대수정규수명분포에 의해 추정된 누적 고장확률이 실제 관측값과 차이가 거의 없음도 확인하였다. 나아가 추정된 모수를 기반으로 신설 포장과 덧씌우기 포장의 하중별 평균 수명을 산정한 결과, 각각 6.5년~7.9년과 7.3년~9.1년으로 추정되었으며 상대적으로 덧씌우기 구간의 평균수명이 더 길게 추정되었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 신뢰성 개념을 이용한 분석 방법은 포장관리 및 유지보수 데이터가 축적되어감에 따라 비교적 용이하게 계속 보완이 가능하며 보다 정확한 포장수명에 대한 신뢰도 값에 접근해 갈 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 2023

Background Elderly patients often have complications of blepharoptosis surgery that can result in the appearance or exacerbation of superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK). However, postoperative changes to SPK status have not been previously reported. We used subjective assessment of symptoms and measurement of SPK scale classification to investigate the safety and efficacy of blepharoptosis surgery in elderly patients. Methods Included in this prospective study were 22 patients (44 eyes) with bilateral blepharoptosis that underwent surgery. Patients comprised 8 males and 14 females with a mean (±standard deviation) age of 75.7 ± 8.2 years (range: 61-89). Blepharoptosis surgery consisted of transcutaneous levator advancement and blepharoplasty including resection of soft tissue (skin, subcutaneous tissue, and the orbicularis oculi muscle). Margin reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) measurement, a questionnaire survey of symptoms and SPK scale classification, was administered preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively for evaluation. Results The median MRD-1 was 1 mm preoperatively and 2.5 mm postoperatively, representing a significant postoperative improvement. SPK area and density scores were found to increase when the MRD-1 increase was more than 2.5 mm with surgery. All 10 items on the questionnaire tended have increased scores after surgery, and significant differences were observed in 7 items (poor visibility, ocular fatigue, heavy eyelid, foreign body sensation, difficulty in focusing, headaches, and stiff shoulders). Conclusion Blepharoptosis surgery was found to be a safe and effective way to maintain the increase in MRD-1 within 2.0 mm. Despite the benefits, surgeons must nonetheless be aware that blepharoptosis surgery is a delicate procedure in elderly people.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2023

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of nursing students' emotional intelligence and interpersonal competence on their caring efficacy. Methods : This study surveyed 217 junior and senior nursing students from City B in South Korea between June 1 and June 30, 2023. The SPSS 22.0 program was employed to analyze the collected data by computing the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as by conducting t-test, ANOVA test, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a multivariate regression analysis. Results : The nursing students exhibited an average emotional intelligence of 5.31±.78, interpersonal competence of 3.47±.56, and caring efficacy of 4.02±.62. The students' emotional intelligence showed significant differences in terms of satisfaction with their major (p<.001), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p<.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.001), and the standard of living (p=.021). Furthermore, a significant difference in interpersonal competence was observed in terms of the students' satisfaction with their major (p=.003), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p=.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.002), and subjective mental health (p=.005). Meanwhile caring efficacy demonstrated a significant difference with regard to the grade level (p=.001), satisfaction with the major (p<.001), satisfaction with the clinical practice (p<.001), satisfaction with their relationship with clinical practice instructors (p=.007), subjective mental health (p<.001), and subjective physical health (p=.047). The factors that affected the caring efficacy included interpersonal competence (p=.002), grade level (p<.001), satisfaction with the major (p=.004), and emotional intelligence (p=.020), all of which together accounted for an explanatory power of 22.3 %. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it is evident that further research related to the emotional intelligence, interpersonal competence, and caring efficacy of nursing students must be encouraged in the future. Furthermore efforts should be made to develop appropriate programs aimed at enhancing nursing students' caring efficacy by accounting for their emotional intelligence and interpersonal competence.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2023

목적 : 감각통합치료와 가정프로그램의 중재병행이 다운증후군 아동의 시각적 주의력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 다운증후군 아동 1명의 대상으로 개별실험연구를 진행하였으며, 감각통합치료 중재는 주 1회씩 16주간, 가정프로그램은 주 4회씩 16주간 시행하였다. 대상 아동에게 중재 후 시각적 주의력의 변화를 측정하였다. 결과 : 중재 후 물체 주시, 물체 수평적 추시, 물체 수직적 추시 시간은 기초선 기간에 비해 평균값이 상승하였다. 중재 기간에 관찰된 물체 주시, 물체 수평적 추시, 물체 수직적 추시가 기초선 기간의 ±2 표준편차보다 높게 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 감각통합치료와 가정프로그램의 중재병행이 다운증후군 아동에게 시각적 주의력과 시지각 향상된 것을 확인하였으며, 효과적인 중재 방법을 제시하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.

• 중환자간호학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2023

Purpose : This retrospective study aims to provide basic data for intervention to improve clinical outcomes and identify the characteristics of the rebound hyperthermia (RHG) and non-rebound hyperthermia (NRHG) groups by checking body temperature in patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Method : The study involved 118 patients who completed target temperature management (TTM) in an acute-care unit. Data were analyzed for frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, median, and quartiles, and compared using the chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Results : Rebound hyperthermia (RH) was observed in 74 (62.7%) patients, predominantly male (69.5%), with an average age of 64.54 ± 15.98, and a body mass index of 23.22 ± 4.75kg/m² (overweight). Hypertension (50%) was the most common co-morbidity, followed by diabetes and heart disease (33.1%). Neuron-specific enolase levels were higher in the NRHG 24, 48, and 72 hours after recovery of spontaneous circulation (p = .037, p < .001, p = .008). The APHCHE IV was also higher in the NRHG (p < .001). RH occurred 25.49 (7.28-52.96) hours after TTM completion, lasting for 2 (1-3) hours. Temperature reduction strategies included notifying doctors, administering antipyretics, and nursing intervention, with the latter being the most common at 94.6%. Half of the subjects in the RHG and 77.3% in the NRHG fell into cerebral performance categories 3, 4, and 5 (p = .003). Conclusion : RH is more likely a body mechanism related to CPR and TTM than a result of pathogenic infection. Therefore, we require an active intervention for hyperthermia, and a patient-specific nursing intervention protocol.