• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.64 no.1
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2019

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of traits related to heading and yield was performed develop rice cultivars that are both early maturing and panicle weight type varieties. Our analysis included 120 strains of the Cheongcheong Nagdong doubled haploid (CNDH) variety. An observational growth experiment was conducted to identify genetic agronomic traits of CNDH. Heading date, ten plant weight, moisture, thousand grain weight, and yield had a normal distribution based on the frequency distribution table of the observational growth data. The QTL analysis found one heading-related and nine yield-related QTLs. The LOD of 2.85 was the largest in QTLs for heading date (QHD), 5.39 in QTLs for ten plant weight (QTPW), 3.92 in QTLs for moisture (QM), 4.80 in QTLs for thousand grain weight (QTGW), and 3.7 in QTLs for yield (QY). Genomic analysis detected 58 candidate genes on chromosome 2, 3, 7, 8, and 10. Among those, we found Rcd1 protein and OsERF3 gene in QM, MtN3 and zinc finger protein genes in QTGW, and OsNAC3 protein gene in QY. If further analysis reveals the presence of genes related to water content, thousand grain weight or yield in the CNDH stains, we can develop a selection of varieties that will be capable of coping with climate change and will contribute to global food problems.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2020

Background: Blood stasis (BS) is commonly used for pattern identification in traumatic injuries, including traffic accidents (TAs). Various studies have identified the efficacy of Korean medicine treatments for TA patients, but studies focusing on the BS-based herbal medicine (BSHM), including Tongdo-san (TDS), are rare. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study, conducted from August 24^th, 2018 to December 27^th, 2018, which included 40 TA patients. Participants underwent routine Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, cupping, physical therapy, and herbal medicine. In the herbal medicine treatment, participants took BSHM with more than 3 days including taking TDS. The primary outcome measures were the scores from a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures included scores from EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EQ-VAS questionnaires, the BS and cold/heat indices, and safety assessments. Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS scores, and BS index after treatment. In the sub-analysis, VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores were higher in groups with a higher BS index. The moderate and severe BS index groups showed more improvement than the minor BS index group, and there was a significant difference in the EQ-5D scores. There was no significant differences observed in cold/heat index groups scores. Conclusion: BS is associated with TA-related symptoms. BSHM, including TDS, may significantly reduce BS, pain, and discomfort.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.62-73
• /
• 2016

The variation of groundwater by wave, tide and precipitation conditions is closely related to the vegetation environment at the natural vegetation and sandy based beach, and it has a significant impact on the vegetation development and ground stabilization. In this study, the water temperature, electrical conductivity, and pressure were monitored at five observational stations normal to the Jinu-do(Island) shoreline of Nakdong river estuary from March 2012 to September 2014 (approximately 799 days) with the aim of measuring the variation in groundwater-table characteristics. The purpose of the study was to identify factors (tide, wave etc.) affecting groundwater-table variation using time series and correlation analysis, and to record spatial variations in the groundwater level and electrical conductivity as a result of storm events. The observational station in the intertidal zone was strongly affected by wave period and tide level. During the storm period, the groundwater-table and electrical conductivity were stabilized at the edge of sand dunes, vegetation, and areas of transition between freshwater and seawater.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.586-594
• /
• 2004

This study is the qualitative study in order to discover a direction of field courses by analyzing what elementary school students observe or hypothesis in field courses. The purpose of it is to find any relevancy between the observations and hypotheses generated. The result of the study were as follows; First, most participants have observed mostly based on their vision due to the characteristic of field courses, and the observations of sedimentary layers were mainly generated on the rocks while most hypotheses were on geological structures. Secondly, according to observational descriptions the frequency of the comparative observation was high as well as the cases when two different types of observations were joined together. The last conclusion from this investigation is, according to the standard of observational types, the hypotheses combined with the interpretive observation and comparative observation had the greatest percentage. This shows that many participants tried to rationalize their thoughts by interpreting geological structures and comparing them with other people's cases as well. Scientific explanatory hypotheses were mainly found according to the standard of hypothetical types, which can be constructed that those participants tried to explain and apply established knowledge and preconception.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2013

We have developed a data integration system for ground-based space weather facilities in Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). The data integration system is necessary to analyze and use ground-based space weather data efficiently, and consists of a server system and data monitoring systems. The server system consists of servers such as data acquisition server or web server, and storage. The data monitoring systems include data collecting and processing applications and data display monitors. With the data integration system we operate the Space Weather Monitoring Lab (SWML) where real-time space weather data are displayed and our ground-based observing facilities are monitored. We expect that this data integration system will be used for the highly efficient processing and analysis of the current and future space weather data at KASI.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.1163-1169
• /
• 2015

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a natural polymer that is synthesized by Bacillus species and has been reported to have antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of γ-PGA on the treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). A retrospective observational study on γ-PGA therapy for biopsy-proven VAIN was conducted. The efficacy was assessed by evaluating the results of Pap cytology and the viral load of high-risk HPV at three time points: at enrollment, and at the first and second post-treatment visits. Of 17 patients treated with γ-PGA, only 12 patients who had a high-risk HPV infection were included in the analysis. Histology was VAIN1 in seven patients, VAIN2 in two patients, and VAIN3 in three patients. γ-PGA was administered for newly diagnosed VAIN in five (41.7%) patients and persistent VAIN in seven (58.3%) patients for the mean time of 4.5 months. At the first and second post-treatment visits, cytological regression was observed in five (41.7%) and six (50%) patients, respectively. Regarding the HPV load, the overall response rate was 66.7%, and the mean level was 670.6 ± 292.5 RLU at the first follow-up, which was lower than the initial viral load of 1,494.8 ± 434.5 RLU (p = 0.084). At the second follow-up, the overall response rate was 58.3%, and the mean viral load level was 924.2 ± 493.7 RLU. γ-PGA may be helpful for the cytological regression and reduction of viral load in patients with high-risk HPV-positive VAIN, suggesting that γ-PGA is a promising treatment option for primary or persistent VAIN.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2003

Larygopharyngeal reflux(LPR) is one form of the Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseases(GERD). It is known to cause various kinds of otolaryngologic symptoms such as hoarseness, globus sensation in throat, chronic throat clearing, and chronic cough, Disease entities diagnosed by otolaryngologists as posterior laryngitis, globus pharyngeus and reflux laryngitis should be suspected as LPR-related diseases. The nizatidine(AXID), as a Histamine H2-receptor antagonist, reduces gastric acid secretion and improves gastric motility function. Objectives : The effect of nizatidine using 150mg b.i.d was evaluated for symptom relief and improvement of laryngoscopic findings in patients with LPR. Materials and Methods : In 30 multicenter, observational trial performed nationalwidely in Korea. 308 patients with LPR symptom were observed to evaluate their symptoms and larygnoscopic findings after 4weeks, 8weeks, 12weeks of treatment with nizatidine. Results : The symptoms of LPR including globus sensation, chronic throat clearing and hoarseness, are reduced significantly after 4 weeks, 8weeks, and 12weeks of treatment(p<0.05). The laryngoscopic findings including diffuse erythema, edema and granulation are improved after nizatidine treatment(p<0.05). and the efficacy of nizatidine on LPR-related sympoms after 4 weeks is 88.6%, and those of after 8 weeks and 12weeks were 92.6%, and 99.1% in ITT(Intent To Treatment) group(p<0.05). And PPA(Per Protocol Analysis)group showed 93.7%, 97.3%, and 99.1% of efficacy after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of nizatidine treatment(p<0.05). Conclusion : These results indicate that in patient with LPR, nizatidine 150mg b.i.d treatment very effectively reduces LPR symptoms and improves laryngoscopic findings as well as reduces gastric acid secretion and improves gastric motility function.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the causal relationship between use of levocetrizine or cetrizine, and liver injury, by comparing frequency and pattern of hepatotoxicity in levocetrizine or cetrizine prescribed patients. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study, using data retrieved from electronic medical record system. Among 1164 patients prescribed levocetrizine or cetrizine during study period (Jul, 2009 - Jun, 2010) at Seoul National University Hospital, 543 patients with more than 4- time liver function test (LFT) results were included in final analysis. Liver injury was defined as greater than 3 times elevated level of alanine aminotransferase or 2 times elevated level of alkaline phosphatase or total bilirubin, compared to upper limit of normal, in patient with normal liver function at baseline. The frequency and pattern of liver injury were assessed. Results: Incidence of liver injury in patients prescribed with levotcetrizine or cetrizine were 1.48% and 2.94%, respectively. With few exceptions, most injuries were shown to be hepatocellular type. Rapid recovery was observed after drug cessation and long term use tends to be associated with incidence of liver injury. In patient with digestive system disorder, rate of liver injury was significantly higher (p=0.011). Conclusion: The result of this study implies potential need of liver toxicity monitoring, especially in patients taking long term levecetrizine or cetrizine or in patient with digestive system disorder. However, prospective large scale observational study is needed to confirm liver injury associated with the use of levocetirizine or cetirizine.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.177-196
• /
• 1996

We have investigated the astronomical observational environments at the Choejung-san GEODSS site which is located at the south of Taegu, Korea. As a part of the investigation, seeing and night sky brightness were measured outside nearby the GEODSS site using the Celestron 8-inch portable reflector with $192{\times}165$ pixels Lynxx CCD camera during the period of December 1994 to April 1996. The average seeing values of 4.8 arcsecond in B filter and 5.1 arcsecond in V filter were determined using the IRAF software. These values might be overestimated and would be reduced by at least 1 arc second in both filters if they were measured by more stable telescope system with solid mount and under a dome. We also compare the average seeing value at the GEODSS site with those at three other observatories, the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, the Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory, and the Seoul National University Observatory, for justification of the above guess. Unfortunately the night sky brightness measurement was not successful mainly due to the short exposure time. The utilizing plan of the GEOSS site is discussed based on the average seeing value, naked-eye sky brightness measurement, analysis of the existing thirty-year weather data and twenty-year urban planning of the metropolitan Taegu city for the year of 2016.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.83 no.4
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2020

Background: If the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) is related with the intensive care unit (ICU) readmission must be clarified. The purpose of this study was to elucidate if prolonged MV duration increases ICU readmission rate. Methods: The present observational cohort study analyzed national healthcare claims data from 2006 to 2015. Critically ill patients who received MV in the ICU were classified into five groups according to the MV duration: MV for <7 days, 7-13 days, 14-20 days, 21-27 days, and ≥28 days. The rate and risk of the ICU readmission were estimated according to the MV duration using the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Results: We found that 12,929 patients had at least one episode of MV in the ICU. There was a significant linear relationship between the MV duration and the ICU readmission (R²=0.85, p=0.025). The total readmission rate was significantly higher as the MV duration is prolonged (MV for <7 days, 13.9%; for 7-13 days, 16.7%; for 14-20 days, 19.4%; for 21-27 days, 20.4%; for ≥28 days, 35.7%; p<0.001). The analyses adjusted by covariables and weighted with the multinomial propensity scores showed similar results. In the adjusted regression analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model, the MV duration was significantly related to the ICU readmission (hazard ratio, 1.058 [95% confidence interval, 1.047-1.069], p<0.001). Conclusion: The rate of readmission to the ICU was significantly higher in patients who received longer durations of the MV in the ICU. In the clinical setting, closer observation of patients discharged from the ICU after prolonged periods of MV is required.