• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2017

Purpose: Recent electrophysiological studies have shown that the sensorymotor cortex is activated during both actual action excuted by themselves and observation of action performed by other persons. Observation of action based on mirror neuron system can be used as a cognitive intervention to promote motor learning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain activity changes during action observation and action execution using EEG. Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers participated and were requested to perform hand action and to observe the video of hand action performed by another person. The EEG activity was evaluated by a method which segregated the time-locked for each condition. To compare the differences between action observation and execution, the Mu suppression and the relative band power were analysed. Results: The results showed significant mu suppression during the action observation and execution, but the differences between the two conditions were not observed. The relative band power showed a significant difference during the action observation and execution, but there were no differences between the two conditions. Conclusion: These results indicate that action execution and observation involve overlapping neural networks in the sensorymotor cortical areas, proposing positive changes on neurophysiology. We are expected to provide information related to the intervention of cognitive rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out learning content for astronomical observation that could perform astronomical programs regardless of weather conditions as a case for the present conditions of astronomical observation and the methods of new education for astronomical observation, and to suggest the methods of synchronized multiple astronomical observation and actual cases using the Internet network. The results are as follows. First, the method of galaxy-oriented astronomical education helped those attempting to approach astronomy academically for the first time grasp useful concepts as to the astronomical space, and let them look at the space in an objective sense, which was effective in forming cosmic structure and concepts. Second, the administration curriculum of astronomical observation team was related to data that systematically contained annual astronomical education concerning the operation of astronomical observation teams; thus, they could be suggested as beneficial teaching materials to the teachers who wanted to organize a school club meeting. Third, it has been noted that the level of students' satisfaction in p2d program and MSO program was very high, and they turned out to be effective learning methods that could be implemented even in times of rain when it would not be possible to conduct astronomical observation activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.122-123
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• 2003

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.240-243
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• 1995

In excavating tunnels, shield tunneling machines having many cutters on their cutter planes are used. Not many observation data being available in the detection system, optimal observation policy is very important. From this viewpoint, we previously considered the optimal location of acoustic sensors on the cutter plane and also the optimal observation policy for the case where three receiving transducers were used, and showed that the optimal sensor location was given as arbitrary equally-spaced points on the cutter plane circle, and that the optimal rotating angles were also found to be arbitrary. In application, however, it is often difficult to locate sensors at arbitrary positions or to use three sensors from the viewpoints of machine structure and cost. This paper considers the optimal observation policy for detecting anomlous plane objects for the case where two receiving transducers are used and the case where three receiving transducers are located only on a diameter of the cutter plane.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2014

In a longitudinal study, subjects can experience same type of events repeatedly. Also, there may exist intermittent dropouts resulting in repeated observation gaps during which no recurrent events are observed. Furthermore, when such observation gaps have incomplete forms caused by the unknown termination times of observation gaps, ordinary approaches result in biased estimates. In this study, we investigate the effect of ignoring observation gaps and propose methods to overcome this problem. For estimating the distribution of unknown termination times, an interval-censored mechanism is applied and two cases are considered. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Conviction data of young drivers with several suspensions are analyzed to illustrate the suggested approach.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2012

In this research, we describe recent technologies and system requirements of the passive microwave radiometer used in Earth observation satellites. And we classify types of microwave radiometer system for Earth observation satellites according to observation targets and ways to scan and discuss a design method. Also, requirements of passive radiometer for Earth observation missions in the latest practical examples used and developed are analyzed in this research.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.128-136
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• 2015

This research, which has been planned to appreciate the features of continuous observation of space, has applied the procedure of acquiring continuous visual information when the act of watching takes place along the time to analyze the space characteristics through the scenes and time so that the features of attention shown in the process of acquiring visual information at the time of observing continuous scenes might be estimated. For analysis of the features of continuous observation was set up the premise that the features of observation and perception vary depending on gender, when the women shops in department stores were selected as research objects. The observation features found at the time of continuous observation of selling spaces in department stores were focused on two analysis methods in order to compare the differences and characteristics of the two. The followings are the findings. First, the area with predominant observation was found to be 87.1% in both methods. It was found that the analysis of observation features by "Analysis I" was useful for inter-sectional comparison of continuous images. Second, in case of extracting predominant sections, the ceiling or the structures which are the backgrounds rarely attracted any eyes. Depending on analysis method, there was the gap of 14.3%~25.0% between observed sections. Third, in case that the hall is curved, the eyes were found to be expanded from side to side and up and down. The review of observation numbers of predominant sections makes it possible to decide whether it should be regarded as (1) unstability or (2) expanding search, and when the images are enlarged from distant view to close-range view, the weakening vanishing point results in the increase of expanded search of surroundings. Accordingly, it was found that the characteristics of images has effects on the observation features when any space was continuously observed. Furthermore, the difference of analysis methods also was found to be likely to cause big differences in the results of analyzing observation features.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.96-104
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• 2011

Assuming that different spatial types involves the change of observation time to acquire the spatial information, this study intended to analyze the observation time by interior space types and derive the proper time for spatial evaluation. Coming to the study method, in order to analyze the characteristics of observation time in the image evaluation of interior space by types, it looked into the observation time chosen by the testees during evaluation. The findings of this study are as follows: First, the observation time differed by genders and spatial types: men's average time was longest for modern (93.3 sec.) and natural (89.4 sec.) spaces; women's average time was longest for classic space (110.7 sec.), which was the shortest for men. Second, the intensity of observation time zone differed by spatial types: this finding can imply that different design types require different establishment of observation time for evaluation even if the spatial elements are the same. Third, analyzing the distribution of time zones chosen by most testees showed that men's observation time zones were more intensely distributed than those of women. Fourthly, the observation lime for general space could be derived from the gender-based comparison that excluded the difference by types, but considering that different design types lead to different observation time, it could be seen as proper for evaluation of interior space to establish the difference of observation time by spatial types. Finally, Analysis showed the highest preference to the time '(3)'. However, obtaining information presented is the most highly effective time is '(6). Thus, the preferred time zone is different and effective, according to the results of the analysis.

• Atmosphere
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2023

In this study, for the application of observation errors to the Korean Integrated Model (KIM) to utilize the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere & Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) new satellites, the observation errors were diagnosed based on the Desroziers method using the cost function in the process of variational data assimilation. We calculated observation errors for all observational species being utilized for KIM and compared with their relative values. The observation error of the calculated the Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation (GNSS RO) was about six times smaller than that of other satellites. In order to balance with other satellites, we conducted two experiments in which the GNSS RO data expanded by about twice the observation error. The performance of the analysis field was significantly improved in the tropics, where the COSMIC-2 data are more available, and in the Southern Hemisphere, where the influence of GNSS RO data is significantly greater. In particular, the prediction performance of the Southern Hemisphere was improved by doubling the observation error in global region, rather than doubling the COSMIC-2 data only in areas with high density, which seems to have been balanced with other observations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.3-14
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• 2005

Reliable predictions of the movement of earth retaining structures and the ground adjacent to braced walls in urban excavation are often difficult due to many variable factors. The ground settlement and the damage of adjacent structures in urban excavation has been an important issue. Therefore, the stability of the adjacent structures must be secured with the excavation support and research on the protection of adjacent structure is necessary. This study showed an urban excavation case and introduce observation method for case of damage behavior in urban excavation.