• 천문학논총
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.62-75
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• 1991

The small sized telescope can be best used if the control and observation can be made remotely and fully automatically by the aid of computers. We discuss the possible ways of automating the existing telescopes of various designs using personal computers. 'We have specifically designed the parts necessary to automate 16 inch Cassegrain Telescope at Pusan University Observatory. The degree of automation we have set for the present work is the interactive. remote observation including opening and shutting down of dome slit. The observational modes we have in mind are photoelectric photometry and CCD imaging. The basic components of the hardware are interface card for 16 or 32 bit IBM PC family of computers, relay switches for the control of telescope movements, stepping motor controller card for the control of observational equipments, and AID converter unit that accepts signal from sensors for the environment conditions such as temperature, wind speeds, precipitation, etc. We also have designed and built a photoelectric photometer that can be fully controlled by the command of a computer. Such observational equipment is also essential in order that the remote observation can be realized.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to clarify the specific terms of epistemic and epistemological by reviewing the literature on epistemological understanding of science learning, examine the necessity of epistemic discourse analysis based on the view of social epistemology, and provide an exemplar of practical epistemology analysis for elementary children's science learning. The review was conducted in terms of meaning and terminology about epistemic or epistemological approach to science learning, epistemology of/for science, and methodologies for epistemic discourse analysis. As an alternative way of epistemic discourse analysis in science classroom I employed practical epistemology analysis (by Wickman), evidence-explanation continuum (by Duschl), and DREEC diagram (by Maeng et al.). The methods were administered to an elementary science class for the third grade where children observed sedimentary rocks. Through the outcomes of analysis I sought to understand the processes how children collected data by observation, identified evidence, and constructed explanations about rocks. During the process of practical epistemology analysis the cases of four categories, such as encounter, stand-fast, gap, and relation, were identified. The sequence of encounter, stand fast, gap, and relation showed how children observed sedimentary rocks and how they came to learn the difference among the rocks. The epistemic features of children's observation discourse, although different from scientists' discourses during their own practices, showed data-only conversation, evidence-driven conversation, or explanation inducing conversation. Thus I argue even elementary children are able to construct their own knowledge and their epistemic practices are productive.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2003

Understanding the process of carcinogenesis will involve both the accumulation of many scientific facts derived from molecular, biochemical, cellular, physiological, whole animal experiments and epidemiological studies, as well as from conceptual understanding as to how to order and integrate those facts. From decades of cancer research, a number of the "hallmarks of cancer" have been identified, as well as their attendant concepts, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle biochemistry, hypotheses of metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. While all these "hallmarks" are well known, two important concepts, with their associated scientific observations, have been generally ignored by many in the cancer research field. The objective of the short review is to highlight the concept of the role of human adult pluri-potent stem cells as "target cells" for the carcinogenic process and the concept of the role of gap junctional intercellular communication in the multi-stage, multi-mechanism process of carcinogenesis. With these two concepts, an attempt has been made to integrate the other well-known concepts, such as the multi-stage, multi-mechanisn or the "initiation/promotion/progression" hypothesis; the stem cell theory of carcinogenesis; the oncogene/tumor suppression theory and the mutation/epigenetic theories of carcinogenesis. This new "integrative" theory tries to explain the well-known "hallmarks" of cancers, including the observation that cancer cells lack either heterologous or homologous gap junctional intercellular communication whereas normal human adult stem cells do not have expressed or functional gap junctional intercellular communication. On the other hand, their normal differentiated, non-stem cell derivatives do express connexins and express gap junctional intercellular communication during their differentiation. Examination of the roles of chemical tumor promoters, oncogenes, connexin knock-out mice and roles of genetically-engineered tumor and normal cells with connexin and anti-sense connexin genes, respectively, seems to provide evidence which is consistent with the roles of both stem cells and gap junctional communication playing a major role in carcinogenesis. The integrative hypothesis provides new strategies for chemoprevention and chemotherapy which focuses on modulating connexin gene expression or gap junctional intercellular communication in the premalignant and malignant cells, respectively.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권5_3호
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• pp.953-966
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• 2022

에어로솔(aerosol)은 대기 질을 악화시키는 등 인체 건강에 악영향을 끼치므로 에어로솔의 분포 및 특성에 대한 정량적인 관측이 필수적이다. 최근 전 지구 규모에서의 주기적이고 정량적인 정보 획득 수단으로 위성관측 Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) 영상이 다양한 연구에 활용되지만 광학센서 기반의 위성 AOD 영상은 구름 등의 조건을 가진 일부 지역에서 결측을 가진다. 이에 본 연구는 위성자료의 결측복원을 위하여 격자형 기상자료와 지리적 요소를 입력변수로 하여 Random Forest (RF) 기반 gap-filling 모델을 생성한 이후, gap-free GK-2A/AMI AOD hourly 영상을 산출하였다. 모델의 정확도는 -0.002의 Mean Bias Error (MBE), 0.145의 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)로, 원자료의 목표 정확도보다 높으며 상관계수 0.714로 복원 대상이 대기변수인 점을 감안하면 상관계수 측면에서도 충분한 설명력을 갖춘 모델이다. 정지궤도 위성의 높은 시간 해상도는 일변화 관측에 적합하며 대기보정을 위한 입력, 지상 미세먼지 농도 추정, 소규모 화재 또는 오염원 분석 등 타 연구를 위한 자료 활용 측면에서 중요하다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 1996

A dynamic mill set-up technique was developed to achieva a more precise roll gap set-up of the finishing mill stands for steel strip rolling. In the conventional mill set-up model the set-up values such as roll gap and roll speed are determined before the sheet bar reached the entry side of the finishing mill train and maintained constant until the strip top end passes through the last stand. In the way however a dynamic set-up logic that gives a way to adjust the roll gap value of the final mill stand for the strip ingoing from the ahead of the front stand was developed and attached to the existing set-up model. The roll gap modification is based on the analysis of the observation in the third stand of the finishing mill train. The dynamic set-up model was proved very effective for the more precise mill set-up and for operational stability in the hot strip finishing mill train.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 제35회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.63-70
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• 2002

Wear on the tube-to-spring contact is investigated experimentally. The wear is caused by the vibration of the tube while the springs support it. As for the supporting conditions, applied are the contacting normal force (P) of 5 N, just-contact (P = 0 N) and the gap of 0.1 mm. The gap condition is tried far considering the influence of simultaneous impacting and sliding on wear. Results show that the wear volume increases in the order of the gap, the just-contact and the 5 N conditions. This is explained from the contact geometry of the spring, which is convex of smooth contour. The contact shear force is regarded smaller in the case of the gap existence compared with the other conditions. Wear mechanism is considered from SEM observation of the worn surface. The variation of the normal contact traction is analysed using the finite element analysis to estimate the slip displacement range on the contact with consulting the fretting map previously obtained.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.37-41
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• 2004

Quenching phenomena is one of major concern in development of millimeter or sub-millimeter scale micro combustor for the size of the combustor is near extinction condition. In this work we focused on the effect of combustor wall condition that was parameterized by Perovskite LSC($La_{0.8}$$Sr_{0.2}$$CoO_3$) redox catalyst. The experiment was done by variable gap-width 2D wall equipment. The flame was produced by premixed methane-air jet issuing from millimeter-scale slot burner and it propagated through the narrow gap of the walls. By comparison of flame behaviour near catalyst-coated wall and simple glass wall, we investigated the effect of possible surface reaction on quenching phenomena. The flame between two plates was observed where the gap of the plates was reduced stepwise from 20mm to a distance of quenching occurrence. The two flames with and without surface modification were almost same by observation. But the gap for the occurrence of quenching was increased between catalyst-coated wall. So we concluded that surface reaction close to combustor wall has a negative effect on micro combustion.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2002

Wear on the tube-to-spring contact is investigated experimentally, The vibration of the tube causes the wear while the springs support it As for the supporting conditions, the contacting normal farce of 5 N,0 N and the gap of 0.1 mm are applied. The gap condition is for considering the influence of simultaneous impacting and sliding on wear. The wear volume and depth decreases in the order of the 5 N,0 N and the gap conditions. This is explained from the contact geometry of the spring, which is convex of smooth contour, The contact shear force is regarded smaller in the case of the gap existence compared with the other conditions. The wear mechanism is considered from SEM observation of the worn surface. The variation of the normal contact traction is analysed using the finite element analysis to estimate the slip displacement range on the contact with consulting the fretting map.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2002

The effect of diurnal cycle, intermittent visit of observation satellite, sensor installation, partial coverage of remote sensing, heterogeneity of soil properties and precipitation to the soil moisture estimation error were analyzed to present the global sampling strategy of soil moisture. Three models, the theoretical soil moisture model, WGR model proposed Waymire of at. (1984) to generate rainfall, and Turning Band Method to generate two dimensional soil porosity, active soil depth and loss coefficient field were used to construct sufficient two-dimensional soil moisture data based on different scenarios. The sampling error is dominated by sampling interval and design scheme. The effect of heterogeneity of soil properties and rainfall to sampling error is smaller than that of temporal gap and spatial gap. Selecting a small sampling interval can dramatically reduce the sampling error generated by other factors such as heterogeneity of rainfall, soil properties, topography, and climatic conditions. If the annual mean of coverage portion is about 90%, the effect of partial coverage to sampling error can be disregarded. The water retention capacity of fields is very important in the sampling error. The smaller the water retention capacity of the field (small soil porosity and thin active soil depth), the greater the sampling error. These results indicate that the sampling error is very sensitive to water retention capacity. Block random installation gets more accurate data than random installation of soil moisture gages. The Walnut Gulch soil moisture data show that the diurnal variation of soil moisture causes sampling error between 1 and 4 % in daily estimation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

Hyperpolarization of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine is considered to be produced by the release of an unidentified chemical substance, an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Several chemicals have been proposed as the candidate for EDHF. However, none of them fulfil completely the nature and property of EDHF. Ultrastructural observation with electron microscope reveals that in some arteries, gap junctions are formed between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In small arterioles, injection of gap junction permeable dyes into an endothelial cell results in a distribution of the dye to surrounding cells including smooth muscle cells. These observations allow the speculation that myoendothelial gap junctions may have a functional significance. Simultaneous measurement of the electrical responses in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells using the double patch clamp method demonstrates that these two cell types are indeed electrically coupled, indicating that they behave as a functional syncytium. The EDHF-induced hyperpolarization is produced by an activation of $Ca^{2+}-sensitive\;K^+-channels$ that are inhibited by charybdotoxin and apamin. Agonists that release EDHF increase $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in endothelial cells but not in smooth muscle cells. Inhibition of gap junctions with chemical agents abolishes the agonist-induced hyperpolarization in smooth muscle cells but not in endothelial cells. All these observations can be explained if EDHF is an electrotonic signal propagating from endothelium to smooth muscle cells through gap junctions.