• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.1114-1119
• /
• 2002

In this paper, the well-conditioned observer is designed to be insensitive to the ill-conditioning factors in transient and steady-state observer performance. A condition number based on 12-norm of the eigenvector matrix of the observer matrix has been proposed on a principal index in the observer performance. For the well-conditioned observer design, the non-normality measure and the observability condition of the observer matrix are utilized. The two constraints are specified into observer gain boundary region that guarantees a small condition number and a stable observer. The observer gain selected in this region guarantees a well-conditioned and observable property. In this study, this method is applied to the Luenberger observer and Kalman filters for small order systems. In designing Kalman filters, the ratio of the process noise covariance to the measurement noise covariance is a design parameter and its effect on the condition number is investigated.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 2011

Electromagnetometers (EMA) have been widely used in articulatory studies as their temporal resolution can capture most speech activities and the fleshpoint information allows one to readily quantify and analyze tongue shape. However, the drawback is that the data lacks details of activity in the pharyngeal region. Several studies have attempted to estimate the unknown pharyngeal shape of the tongue, but few studies are based on unimodal data containing both front and back regions of the tongue at the same time. We use Stone's ball bearing method to obtain fleshpoint data as well as tongue shape. We further introduce a novel way of connecting balls and attaching them onto the tongue to ensure accurate tracking. An Artificial Neural Network is applied to build a map between observable flesh-points, unknown tongue shape, and pharyngeal region and is optimized to efficiently address nonlinearity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2008.10b
• /
• pp.369-370
• /
• 2008

The Payload Interface Unit (PIU) provides the interface between payload equipment (GOCI, MODCS and Ka Band P/L) and the SCU. The PIU is a MIL-STD-1553-Bus Remote Terminal (RT). The MPIU distributes commands to, acquires telemetry from and takes part in the thermal control of the payload equipment. When in ON mode, the PIU is completely observable and can be used for payload control. When in OFF mode, the PIU is non active except the thermal control electronics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.323-333
• /
• 2015

Let X be a compact metric space and let |A| denote the cardinality of a set A. We prove that if $f:X{\rightarrow}X$ is a homeomorphism and ${\mid}X{\mid}={\infty}$, then for all ${\delta}$ > 0 there is $A{\subset}X$ such that |A| = 4 and for all $k{\in}\mathbb{Z}$ there are $x,y{\in}f^k(A)$, $x{\neq}y$, such that dist(x, y) < ${\delta}$. An observer that can only distinguish two points if their distance is grater than ${\delta}$, for sure will say that A has at most 3 points even knowing every iterate of A and that f is a homeomorphism. We show that for hyperexpansive homeomorphisms the same ${\delta}$-observer will not fail about the cardinality of A if we start with |A| = 3 instead of 4. Generalizations of this problem are considered via what we call (m, n)-expansiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2006

Spin-lattice relaxation pathway of $CH_2$ spin system by two dimensional NOESY sequence has been discussed. Two-dimensional spectra governed by dipolar relaxation mechanism were simulated in term of transfer mode, the generalization of conventionally used magnetization mode in one dimension. The transfer matrix directly related to the Redfield relaxation matrix can be constructed by the multiplet of transfer mode. The observable relaxation transfer modes causes to variation of the off-diagonal signal intensity of phase sensitive NOESY spectra from which variable spectral density can be extracted with simple group theoretical calculation. The variation of the J-coupling peak intensity as a function of the mixing time in 2-D spectra for $n-Undecane-5-^{13}C$ and Bromoacetic $2-^{13}C$ acid has been theoretically traced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 2003

The dynamics of unobservable short rate are frequently estimated directly by using a proxy. We estimate the biases resulting from this practice ("proxy problem"). To solve this problem, State-Space models have been proposed by many researchers. State-Space models have been used to estimate the unobservable variables from the observable variables in econometrics. However, applications of State-Space models often result in a misleading interpretation of the underlying processes especially when the absorbability of the State-Space model and the assumption of noise processes in the state vector are not properly considered. In this study, we propose the exact State-Space model that properly considers the faults of previous researchers to solve the proxy problem.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.448-452
• /
• 1997

Polyclonal antibody of the boar sperminogen was used to characterize the boar sperm proteinase sperminogen. Boar sperminogen was purified from the acid extracts of the washed epididymal spermatozoa by gel filtration through a Sephadex G-100 column. followed by preparative SDS-PAGE. The sperminogen band was sliced out and was eluted from the gel matrix. The purified sperminogen was used to produce the polyclonal antibody of the boar sperminogen. When characterized on a Western blot, the final preparation of sperminogen appeared as a homogenous protein with a molecular weight of 32 kDa. The relative migration of sperminogen was distinctly different from the major components of the proacrosin-acrosin system as well as all the observable proacrosin activation by-products detected on the Western blot. The sperminogen antibody, however. cross-reacted with the proacrosin-acrosin system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.258_259
• /
• 2009

This paper describes the development of robust processor for analyzing network state in Korean Energy Management System. The important function of topology processing is to convert the switching/device model into a bus/branch model by the status of switching devices. The state estimator also provides a consistent unified solution, not only for measurement of the observable system, but also for the unobservable system. The primary function of the online power flow is to provide a highly reliable and flexible power flow solution that can be used to solve a wide variety of power systems problems. The validity of the newly developed functions has been verified through comparative simulations with the existing EMS functions, which are currently in use in the Korean power system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.26-31
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a pleasantly designed interior inpro-spatial behavior. For pleasantly designed interior, the existing interior was remodeled through the change of finishing materials for major architectural elements such as wall, floor and ceiling, and changes of furniture and it's arrangement. Prospatial behavior was operationalized as seat arranging behavior and measured through the arranged condition and observable arranging behavior. Time-series design, one of quasi-experimental design was used. The data in this study were extracted from an existing field experimental research. One hundred forty four video tapes recorded during 6 months out of 2 years period ware used. In conclusion , the pro-spartial behavior change was a mid-term positive effect of pleasantly designed environment. In an environmental setting where pro-spatial behavior was most important, a certain time cycle to change the environment needs to be considered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2001

In this paper, the well-conditioned observer is designed to be insensitive to the ill-conditioning factors in transient and steady-state observer performance. A condition number based on $L_2-norm$ of the eigenvector matrix of the observer matrix has been proposed on a principal index in the observer performance. For the well-conditioned observer design, the non-normality measure and the observability condition of the observer matrix are utilized. The two constraints are specified into observer gain boundary region that guarantees a small condition number and a stable observer. The observer gain selected in this region guarantees a well-conditioned and observable property. In this study, this method is applied to the Luenberger observer and Kalman filters. In designing Kalman filters for small order systems, the ratio of the process noise covariance to the measurement noise covariance is a design parameter and its effect on the condition number is investigated.