• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to compare biomechanical data between elite and beginner cyclists during cycle pedaling by performing a comparative analysis and to provide quantitative data for both pedaling performance enhancement and injury prevention. Methods: The subjects of this study included 5 elite cyclists (age: $18{\pm}0years$, body mass: $64.8{\pm}9.52kg$, height: $173.0{\pm}4.80cm$) and 5 amateur cyclists (age: $20{\pm}0years$, mass: $66.6{\pm}2.36kg$, height: $175.6{\pm}1.95cm$). The subjects pedaled on a stationary bicycle mounted on rollers of the same gear (front: 50 T and rear: 17 T = 2.94) and cadence of 90. The saddle height was adjusted to fit the body of each subject, and all the subjects wore shoes with cleats. In order to obtain kinematic data, 4 cameras (GR-HD1KR, JVC, Japan) were installed and set at 60 frames/sec. An electromyography (EMG) system (Telemyo 2400T, Noraxon, USA) was used to measure muscle activation. Eight sets of data from both the left and right lower extremities were obtained from 4 muscles (vastus medialis oblique [VMO], vastus lateralis oblique [VLO], and semitendinosus [Semitend], and lateral gastrocnemius [Gastro]) bilaterally by using a sampling frequency of 1,500 Hz. Five sets of events ($0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, and $360^{\circ}$) and 4 phases (P1, P2, P3, and P4) were set up for the data analysis. Imaging data were analyzed for kinematic factors by using the Kwon3D XP computer software (Visol, Korea). MyoResearch XP Master Edition (Noraxon) was used for filtering and processing EMG signals. Results: The angular velocity at $360^{\circ}$ from the feet was higher in the amateur cyclists, but accelerations at $90^{\circ}$ and $180^{\circ}$ were higher in the elite cyclists. The amateur cyclists had greater joint angles at $270^{\circ}$ from the ankle and wider knee joint distance at $0^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, and $360^{\circ}$ than the elite cyclists. The EMG measurements showed significant differences between P2 and P4 from both the right VLO and Semitend. Conclusion: This study showed that lower body movements appeared to be different according to the level of cycle pedaling experience. This finding may be used to improve pedaling performance and prevent injuries among cyclists.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2012

방사선 구역 내부의 공간선량은 의학의 발전과 더불어 방호시설이 잘 되어 있어도 작업종사자의 피폭을 증가시킬 우려가 있다. 핵의학과 내의 분배실은 항상 공간선량이 존재하므로 작업종사자의 피폭선량을 예측하기 위하여 분배실 내부의 공간선량을 측정, 분석 하였다. 핵의학과 $^{18}F$ 분배실의 공간선량률 측정결과 최대 $6.78{\pm}0.083{\mu}Sv/h$, $^{99m}Tc$, $^{131}I$ 분배실의 공간선량률이 최대 $9.248{\pm}0.013{\mu}Sv/h$로 나타났다. 또한, $^{18}F$ 분배실의 경우 1m 거리에서 간호사가 IV시 연간 외부피폭선량은 $42.5{\mu}Sv$로 나타났다. 분배실의 분배창을 기준으로 오른쪽 사방향에서 공간선량률이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 방사성의약품을 분배실에서 분배할 경우 방사선 작업종사자의 머무르는 시간을 짧게 해야 하며, 분배창의 오른쪽 사방향의 경우 피폭을 줄이기 위한 분배창의 설계가 필요하며, IV시 작업종사자의 개인피폭선량을 줄이기 위한 최선의 노력이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.432-441
• /
• 2019

Objective : Few studies have reported direct comparative data of lumbar spine angles between direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF) and oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of DLIF and OLIF, and determine influential factors. Methods : The same surgeon performed DLIF from May 2011 to August 2014 (n=201) and OLIF from September 2014 to September 2016 (n=142). Radiological parameters, cage height, cage angle (CA), cage width (CW), and cage location were assessed. We checked the cage location as the distance (mm) from the anterior margin of the disc space to the anterior metallic indicator of the cage in lateral images. Results : There were significant differences in intervertebral foramen height (FH; $22.0{\pm}2.4$ vs. $21.0{\pm}2.1mm$, p<0.001) and sagittal disc angle (SDA; $8.7{\pm}3.3$ vs. $11.3{\pm}3.2^{\circ}$, p<0.001) between the DLIF and OLIF groups at 7 days postoperatively. CA ($9.6{\pm}3.0$ vs. $8.1{\pm}2.9^{\circ}$, p<0.001) and CW ($21.2{\pm}1.6$ vs. $19.2{\pm}1.9mm$, p<0.001) were significantly larger in the OLIF group compared to the DLIF group. The cage location of the OLIF group was significantly more anterior than the DLIF group ($6.7{\pm}3.0$ vs. $9.1{\pm}3.6mm$, p<0.001). Cage subsidence at 1 year postoperatively was significantly worse in the DLIF group compared to the OLIF group ($1.0{\pm}1.5$ vs. $0.4{\pm}1.1mm$, p=0.001). Cage location was significantly correlated with postoperative FH (${\beta}=0.273$, p<0.001) and postoperative SDA (${\beta}=-0.358$, p<0.001). CA was significantly correlated with postoperative FH (${\beta}=-0.139$, p=0.044) and postoperative SDA (${\beta}=0.236$, p=0.001). Cage location (${\beta}=0.293$, p<0.001) and CW (${\beta}=-0.225$, p<0.001) were significantly correlated with cage subsidence. Conclusion : The cage location, CA, and CW seem to be important factors which result in the different-radiological outcomes between DLIF and OLIF.

• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.221-270
• /
• 1998

Objective This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances as a basic principle, and it is for finding shape differences of the ear, eye, nose, mouth according to the Sasang constitution Method We have collected 209 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of the frontal view, lateral view, oblique view of face and measured heights, deapth, breadths of ear, eye, nose, mouth with 'The Measurement of R. Martin'. We analyzed shape differences of the face according to the Sasang constitution with certain results Results We got the morphologic characteristics of ear, eye, nose and mouth according to the Sasang constitution as Table 3. -Table 10. Conclusion : 1. The morphologic characteristics of Ear according to the Sasang constitution (1) Morphologic ear length, Physiognomic ear length, Ear lobule length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (2) Physiognomic ear breadth is wider in Taeumin than Soeumin. (3) Physiognomic ear length, lobule length ratio is higher in Taeumin than Soyangin. 2. The morphologic characteristics of Eye according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Inner Palpebral fissure width, 5th Palpebral fissure length, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance is the longest in Taeumin (2) Palpebral fissure inclination is widest in Soeumin. (3) Palpebral fissure length is longer in Taeumin than Soeumin. (4) Pupillary diameter ratio is the lowest in Taeumin (5) Palpebral fissure length, width ratio is higher in Soeumin than Taeumin. (6)zygomatic breadth, Bizygomatic breadth-Outercanthal distance ratio is the higher in Taeumin than Soeumin. 3. The morphologic characteristics of Nose according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Nasion depth is deepest in Soyangin. (2) Nasion to pupillary depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (3) Nasal tip depth, Nostril to Nasalalar depth is deeper Soyangin than Taeumin. (4) Subnasale to Nasalalar depth is the shallowest in Taeumin (5) Nasalalar height is lowest in Soeumin. (6) Nasalalar to Nostril distance is deeper Taeumin than Soeumin. (7) Nasal tip depth, Nasal depth ratio is the highest in Taeumin (8) Nasal depth Nasalalar heightratio is lowest in Soeumin. (9) Midfaceheight, Nasal tip depth ratio is higher Soyangin than Taeumin. 4. The morphologic characteristics of mouth according to the Sasang constitution. (1) Lower mid lip height, Lower philtrum height, Lower quarter lip height, Total middle lip height, Total philtrum height, Total quarter lip height is the shottest in Soyangin. (2) Upper mid lip height, Upper philtrum height is longer in Taeumin than Soyangin (3) Lip inclination is higher in Soeumin than Soyangin. (4) Intercheilion breadth, total height ratio is lowest in Soyangin. (5) Total lip height, Upper philtrum height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Soeumin. (6) Lower lip height Lower quarter lip height ratio is higher in Soyangin than Taeumin. (8) Total lip area is wider in Taeumin than Soyangin.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.149-155
• /
• 2012

목 적: 폐, 복부의 양성자 치료 시 사용되는 Long Extension (LE)은 Supporting bar에 의한 치료 면적의 제한이 있고, 후사방향의 빔에서 Collision으로 인해 치료 계획 시 다양한 갠트리 각도의 제한을 발생시키며 에어갭(Air gap, 환자와 Beam 사출구 사이의 거리)을 증가시킨다. 이에 본 연구는 본원에서 자체 제작한 Rounded Extension (RE)을 LE과 비교 평가하여 양성자 치료시 최적의 Extension을 적용하는데 그 목적이 있다. 대상 및 방법: LE과 RE의 구조적 특징을 비교하고, Snout size (${\varnothing}100$, ${\varnothing}180$, ${\varnothing}250$)별 이용 가능한 갠트리 각도를 알아보았다. 그리고 Humanoid phantom을 놓고 CT모의촬영을 하였다. CT영상을 통해 후사방향에서 에어갭의 차이를 알아보았다. 결 과: 두 Extension의 구조적 특징을 비교해 본 결과, Supporting bar의 유무로 인하여 LE은 유효한 가로축 길이가 40 cm이며, RE은 50 cm임을 알 수 있었다. 각 Extension의 Snout size (${\varnothing}100$, ${\varnothing}180$,${\varnothing}250$)별 이용 가능한 갠트리 각도, 에어갭의 차이를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. LE은 180도 기준에서 평균 ${\pm}36$도이며, RE은 평균 ${\pm}70$도로 나타났다. 그리고 RE은 동일 갠트리 각도에서 LE에 비해 에어갭이 평균 11.30 cm 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결 론: 자체 제작한 양성자 치료용 RE은 LE에 비해 치료 면적 및 이용 가능한 갠트리 각도 범위가 더 넓고 후사방향의 빔에서 에어갭을 줄임으로서 폐, 복부의 양성자 치료 시 더 유용하게 사용될 것이다. 그러나 조사범위가 큰 치료영역에서 측방향의 빔을 사용할 때는 오히려 에어갭이 커질 수 있으므로 차후 보완이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2011

Objective: Microscrew implants (MSls) offer many advantages, but some complications are known to occur during their insertion. One of the most commonly reported complications is root injury. Our aim was to identify factors associated with root injury and to evaluate their qualitative and quantitative values. Methods: Thirty-five orthodontists placed MSls (AbsoAnchor$AbsoAnchor^{(R)}$, Dentos Co. Ltd, Daegu, Korea) in the upper jaw of typodonts, labially between the second premolar and the first molar, in low and high vertical positions. Root contacts were counted, and distances between MSI apices and roots were measured. Fear level of the orthodontists was surveyed before and after the experiment. Wilcoxon's test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Overall root contact rate of MSI insertion was 23.57%. The root contact rate was significantly higher in MSls inserted at $90^{\circ}$ (45.71%) than at $30^{\circ}$ (1.43%). The distance between the dental root and MSI also increased significantly in MSls inserted at $30^{\circ}$. Mean fear level before MSI insertion (4.6) significantly decreased after insertion (3.2); the causative factors were risk of injury to dental root and maxillary sinus or mandibular canal. Conclusions: Root injury is relatively rare, and oblique angulation reduces the risk of root and MSI contact.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.138-146
• /
• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the splinted implant prosthesis in a reconstructed mandible using three-dimensional finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three-dimensional finite element models were generated from a patient's computed tomography data. The patient had undergone partial resection of the mandible that covered the area from the left canine to the right condyle. The mandible was reconstructed using a fibula bone graft and dental implants. The left mandibular premolars and molars remained intact. Three types of models were created. The implant-supported prosthesis was splinted and segmented into two or three pieces. Each of these models was further subcategorized into two situations to compare the stress distribution around normal teeth and implants. Oblique loading of 300 N was applied on both sides of the mandible unilaterally. The maximum von Mises stress and displacement of the models were analyzed. RESULTS. The stress distribution of the natural mandible was more uniform than that of the reconstructed fibula. When the loading was applied to the implant prosthesis of reconstructed fibula, stress was concentrated at the cortical bone around the neck of the implants. The three-piece prosthesis model showed less uniform stress distribution compared to the others. Displacement of the components was positively correlated with the distance from areas of muscle attachment. The three-piece prosthesis model showed the greatest displacement. CONCLUSION. The splinted implant prosthesis showed a more favorable stress distribution and less displacement than the separated models in the reconstructed mandible.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.145-155
• /
• 2002

In order to investigate how upper limb motion gives influence on clothing, this study measured tests by following standards: Front Vertical motion, Side-Vertical motion, and Horizontal motion. For this study, the procedures in the order of alphabet are applied. A. Eeach of testee's pattern was copied by the motion with a method of tight fitting technique. B. Analyzing each of the size-change on measuring item. C. Studying the moving aspects at each datum points. The results shows that the biggest change can be found in the following items. 1) In vertical motion of F4 (the length to shoulder point from A-point) 2) In horizontal motion of F5 (the length to front-width point from A-point), the check-result gained by checking the notice between motions shows that the most noticeable items are F4 (the length to shoulder point from A-point), F5 (the length to front-width point from A-point), F6 (the length to armpit point from A-point), B7 (the length to side-waist point from B-point). In result of the study of datum point's movement by motion, the items which were measured with the longest on straight-distance in vertical motion are the front and rear-shoulder, and the rear-shoulder, front-armpit in horizontal motion each. In the movement of each datum points by length, the check-result gained by checking the notice between motions shows that the most remarkable item is the front-shoulder.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1983

본 논문에서는 디지탈 감산 기법을 이용한 양면 혈관 조영술 영상에서의 대응점 결정을 위하여 조영제 말단 추적 알고리즘을 사용하였고, 이 대응점 정보로부터 혈관의 3차원 영상을 재구성하는 과정을 확립하였으며, 개를 이용한 실험 결과도 포함되어 있다. 저자들에 의해 개발된 본 방법의 정확성을 입증하기 위해 사각에서 잡은 혈관 조영상과 계산을 통해 재구성된 영상을 비교하여 좋은 결과를 얻었다. 본 논문에서는 3가지의 새로운 알고리즘을 개발, 또는 응용하였는바, 첫째는, 순차적인 영상에서 조영제의 말단은 어느 투영면에서도 동일한 형태를 갖게 되므로, 상호 상관 계수의 접합법을 이용하여 조영제 말단을 추적해 가는 알고리즘이고, 둘째는, 기준좌표계에서 시선좌표계로의 전환을 4×4행렬 하나로 표시한 단순화 투시 변환 행렬의 구성이며, 셋째는, 조영제 말단 추적법이 적용될 수 없는 작은 혈관 영상에서의 대응점 확립을 위한 보조알고리즘의 적용이 그것이다. 또한 본 방법은 3차원 공간상에서의 조영제 말단 이동거리에 대한 정보로부터 혈류속도의 측정에도 이용될 수 있다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.24-28
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of internal fixation using multiple Kirschner wires (K-wires) for the fifth metatarsal base fracture. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 14 patients with a displaced fifth metatarsal base fracture. We measured the distance of fracture displacement on the foot oblique radiograph pre- and post-operatively. We evaluated the clinical results using the visual analog pain scale at six weeks and three months postoperatively and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) mid-foot score at six months postoperatively. Results: In our series, 10 cases were zone I fracture and four cases were zone II fracture. We achieved anatomical reduction and bony union in all of our cases. The average time to bone union was 43 days. The degree of pain around the fifth metatarsal base was significantly decreased after surgery. The average AOFAS score was 95 at six months postoperatively. Conclusion: Multiple K-wire fixation is a relatively simple fixation method for displaced fifth metatarsal base fractures. If we place a K-wire into the medial cortex of the fifth metatarsal, we could prevent proximal migration of the K-wire.