• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.647-655
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• 2014

Obesity is strongly associated with several metabolic and chronic diseases and has become a major public health problem of worldwide concern. This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Q180. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 was isolated from the faces of healthy adults and found to have a lipase inhibitory activity of $83.61{\pm}2.32%$ and inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($14.63{\pm}1.37%$) at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The strain was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of L. plantarum Q180 was $37^{\circ}C$. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 showed higher sensitivity to novobiocin in a comparison of fifteen different antibiotics and showed the highest resistance to rifampicin, polymyxin B and vancomycin. The strain showed higher ${\beta}$-galactosidase and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. It also did not produce carcinogenic enzymes such as ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. The survival rate of L. plantarum Q180 in MRS broth containing 0.3% bile was 97.8%. Moreover, the strain showed a 97.2% survival rate after incubation for 3 h in pH 2.0. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 was displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 55.6%, 38.0% and 47.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum Q180 has potential as a probiotic with anti-obesity effects.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the potential of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) to prevent obesity and abnormalities in lipid metabolism induced by ovariectomy in a rat model without stimulatory activity on uterus. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated for 6 weeks with 70% ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum [HPEs: whole plant (WHPE) and flower and leaves (FLHPE)], ${\beta}$-estradiol-3-benzoate at a dose of $50{\mu}g/kg/day$ (E2) or vehicle (distilled water). RESULTS: As expected, OVX increased body weight gain and adiposity and showed higher food efficacy ratio. OVX also increased the serum cholesterol as well as insulin resistance, while reducing uterus weight and uterine epithelial proliferation rate. HPEs (WHPE and FLHPE) showed estrogen-like effect on body weight gain, adipose tissue weight and food efficacy ratio in OVX rats. HPEs prevented hypercholesterolemia induced by OVX more effectively than E2. E2 increased uterus weight and epithelial proliferation rate in OVX rats, while HPEs maintained them at the level of the sham-operated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding demonstrates that HPEs can be considered as an effective agent to prevent OVX-induced obesity without stimulatory activity on uterus.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1337-1348
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine major factors underweight and obesity by comparing and analyzing dietary habits, exercise and weight control of obesity and underweight of Adolescents. The subjects were 26,039 students and they were divided according Body Mass Index(BMI). The collected data was analyzed through frequency, percentage, chi-square test. The results were as follows. 1) Among the male students 67.3%, 32.7% and among the female ones 82.7% and 17.3% were included in the underweight and the obese groups, respectively. 2) For dietary habits, the rate of skipping breakfast(12.5%, 13.6%) was considerably higher than those of skipping lunch and dinner. 3) The females and the obese group received more stress, felt more unhappiness, grief, depression and thought more suicide than the males and the underweight group, respectively. 4) The underweight group had higher rate of strengthening exercise of males and females. 5) For self-recognized body shape, while in the underweight group had a wrong image of their body shape, while more males in the obese group had a distorted self body image. 6) Measures to control weight were regular exercise, reduced amount of diet, and the obese group controled their weight more actively than the underweight group of the male and the female students. 7) From these results, appropriate mental health programs and education programs about health knowledge, properly self-recognized body shape and measures to control weight were considered to be necessary.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

A high molecular ar weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC) with an average molecular weight of 300 kD and a deacethylation level of over 90% was produced using a simple multi-step-membrane separation process. It is known that WSC prevents obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Consequently, this study investigated whether or not WSC improved the ovarian dysfunction caused by obesity in mice. The mice were fed a high density protein and lipid diet for weeks, followed by the administration of WSC at 480 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 days. Thereafter, the changes in body weight, ovulation rate, in vivo and in vitro fertilization and emboryonic development were measured . WSC markedly reduced the body weight of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet, but not in mice fed with a normal diet. WSC had siginificant effects on the ovulation rate, both the in vivo and in vitro fertilization rates and embryonic development. These results indicate an improvement in the ovarian and oviduct dysfunction caused by obesity, and suggest an adjustment in the internal secretions and metabolic functions.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of Punica granatum L. Actinidia chinensis Planch. mixed extract on body fat. Methods: Thirty women were recruited ($25kg/m^2{\leq}body$ mass index [BMI]${\leq}29.9kg/m^2$) ($19yr{\leq}age{\leq}38yr$) and randomized to receive Punica granatum L. Actinidia chinensis Planch. mixed extract or placebo for 8 weeks. During the test, they visited four times including screening. Body fat mass, body fat rate, anthropometric dimensions at waist and hip, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured at screening and 8 weeks after screening. Adverse reaction were also checked each visit. Results: There were no significant differences in all index. But when divide experimental group by BMI index, age, and compliance, less than BMI $27kg/m^2$ group decreased body weight, body fat mass and more than BMI $27kg/m^2$ group also decreased body weight, body fat mass and waist circumference. Less than age 30 years group showed decline of waist circumference, fat free rate and T-cholesterol and more than age 30 years group showed decline of fat free mass. Group with compliance more than 95% was decreased BMI, fat free mass, and hip circumference. Conclusions: There was no significant efficacy as compared with placebo group, but as divide experimental group according to BMI index, age, compliance, mixed extract might be effective to reduce obesity index.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.793-805
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• 2023

This study analyzes the body shapes of lower-body obese female adolescents and proposes a slacks pattern suitable for their body type. Lower-body obesity is a prevalent type of teenage obesity, and our proposals aim to improve consumer satisfaction in ready-to-wear clothes across this demographic. We first observe characteristics of obese lower bodies, noting significantly above-average thigh and hip circumference. These figures indicate a high degree of curvature in obese lower bodies, along with a large drop value. Leveraging this data, we develop a novel slacks pattern using 3D avatars in a virtual simulation system. The formulas for the main areas of the pattern are as follows: front waist girth W/4+0.75cm+0.5cm, back waist girth W/4+0.5cm-0.5cm, front hip girth H/4+1.25cm-0.5cm, back hip girth H/4+2cm+0.5cm, front crotch extension H/16+0.5cm, back crotch extension H/8+1cm. Results from appearance evaluations show that this pattern minimizes strain rate on the waist and hips, and its average score is significantly higher than that of an alternative pattern that was also evaluated. The minimized strain rate and high average score indicate that our pattern assigns a sufficient amount of space to the appropriate areas. Based on these results, we expect our research to inform slacks pattern development and production for obese consumers of all types.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.588-593
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• 2005

Purpose : Obesity is associated with disturbances of ventilatory functions in adults. But few studies have evaluated the pulmonary complications of obesity in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of obesity on pulmonary function and body composition in obese children. Methods : Forty seven obese children whose ages ranged from nine to twelve years were evaluated for their body composition(intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein mass, mineral mass, soft lean mass, fat mass, percent body fat, fat distribution) by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Hemoglobin, serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Pulmonary function test was performed by spirometer. Results : Intracellular fluid, protein mass, fat mass, percent body fat and fat distribution were significantly higher in severely obese children with an obesity index of more than 150 percent compared with those with an index of less than 150 percent. Peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) was significantly lower in severely obese children with obesity index of more than 150 percent compared with those with less than 150 percent($241.7{\pm}14.6L/sec$ vs $276.8{\pm}64.3L/sec$). PEFR, forced expiratory flow 25 percent($FEF_{25}$), mid expiratory flow rate(MEFR), forced expiratory flow 50 percent($FEF_{50}$), forced expiratory volume in 1st second($FEV_1$) and forced vital capacity(FVC) were decreased in 37.0 percent, 14.8 percent, 14.8 percent, 11.1 percent, 3.7 percent and 3.7 percent of obese children, respectively. Conclusion : PEFR was significantly decreased in obese children. Pulmonary function test must be performed in severely obese children and more extended study is needed in other age groups.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find obesity, biochemical indices and nutrient intakes in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with hypertension in Gwangju area. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the status of hypertension. Duration of 139 normotensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus was $49.8{\pm}80.2$ months while that of hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes was $79.7{\pm}95.5$ months. Anthropometric measurement revealed that subjects in both groups were in overweight determined by BMI, though there was no significant difference between two groups. Contrastingly, obesity rate and subscapular fat distribution were a good predictor to identify hypertensive group due to the significant differences between two groups, regardless of sex. Hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with more elevated cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level. Triglyceride level in the hypertensive female was prominent. Significant gender differences were shown in energy, carbohydrate, protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin $B_{6}$ and cholesterol intakes. Nutrient intakes of female normotensive group were higher than those of female hypertensive group except for riboflavin. However, different pattern on nutrient intakes in male was noted. Thus, sex is a great determinant to influence nutrient intakes in subject. Effective nutrition education program targeting type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, especially hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus should be developed and implemented to control blood glucose and lipidemia. It might be suggested to consider the importance different approaches of nutrition education program to both genders.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

This is a descriptive research study that classified Korean adults with obesity into those with Metabolically Healthy Obesity and those with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity based on the data from the fifth and sixth South Korea's National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, designed due to the development of information and communication technology, to examine the impacts of obese adults' health behavior factors and mental health factors on their metabolic state. With respect to data analysis, the collected data were analyzed by complex sample statistics. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Men who were smoking at the time of the survey had a 1.29 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. Women who had a high stress cognition rate had a 1.02 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. This study is significant as it provides the basic data for establishing strategies of nursing intervention for the promotion of obese adults' health, and it suggests that it is necessary to develop a program for the promotion of obese adults' health based on these results.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2020

This helps plus-size consumers purchase ready-made clothes and improves fitness by analyzing the upper body shapes of abdomen-obese adult males; in addition, it creates a size system based on each size interval of obesity shapes. The criteria for the 572 male subjects surveyed were over 25 kg/㎡ of the BMI, over 90 cm of waist, and over 0.85 waist hip ratio. The results were as follows. First, the higher the age group, the higher the degree of abdominal obesity in each age group. The degree of obesity decreases age increase; however, was the risk of abdominal obesity increased. Second, Compared to standard body types, the average body size of Abdomen-obese males is significantly larger, especially in the waist area than in the chest area. Third, to propose a size system for abdominal obese adult males, 16 sections with a final 2% rate of appearance were finally adopted as suit-tops size system for abdominal obese adult males by applying a 3 cm dimension gap between each designation as specified in the KS standard. The coverage ratio for the 16 sections was 72.6% and the coverage effienciency was 4.5%. The results of this study can be used in a various clothes; in addition, the activation and segmentation of the plus-size market are also believed to be significant.