• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.850-855
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• 2007

Leptin is the adipocyte-specific product of the obese gene and plays a major role in food intake and energy metabolism. Leptin research was mainly focused on mammalian species, but understanding of leptin and its function in poultry is very poor. In this study, the duck leptin gene was amplified using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from duck liver RNA. The cDNA fragment was inserted into the pET-28a expression vector, and the resulting plasmid was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Experimental mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg leptin dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), while the control mice were injected with PBS. The effect of leptin on food intake, body weight and fatty deposition in mice was detected. Sequence analysis revealed that duck leptin had a length of 438 nucleotides which encoded a peptide with 146 amino acid residues. The sequence shares highly homology to other animals. The coding sequence of duck leptin was 84 and 86% identical to human and pig leptin nucleotides sequence. Highest identity was with the rat coding sequence (95%). The identity of the amino acid sequence was 84, 82 and 96% respectively compared to that of the human, pig and rat. Results of SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that a fusion protein was specifically expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The purified product was found to be biologically active during tests. Continuous administration of recombinant duck leptin inhibited food intake. Despite the decrease of food intake, leptin significantly induced body weight and fatty deposition. These changes were accompanied by a significant down-secretion of plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin levels in mice. The observations provide evidence for an inhibitory effect of leptin in the regulation of food intake and for a potential role of duck leptin in the regulation of lipogenesis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cassia acutifolia on the obesity and the glucose levels in a rat model of obesity and diabetes. Methods: By random selection, 36 Wistar male rats were divided in two control groups, the positive and the negative control groups, and into four experimental groups receiving different infusions of Cassia acutifolia in water ad libitum. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant anti-obesogenic effect (P = 0.02), although this was not considered clinically significant. Additionally, Cassia acutifolia lowered the glucose levels by 30 mg/dL to 90 mg/dL (P = 0.05). However, we observed adverse effects in the liver, a two-fold increase in transaminase levels (P = 0.002), and in the kidneys, decreased creatinine levels (P = 0.001), and these adverse effects had no viable explanation. Conclusion: Cassia acutifolia has anti-hyperglycemic effects in obese diabetic rats. However, Cassia acutifolia also has adverse effects, so it should not be administered to patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Objectives : This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of EjinTang-Gamybang(Erchentang-jiaweifang ; ETG) on the change of some values related to obesity and observe the complications coming from obesity in obese rat induced by high fat diet. Methods : Experimental group were as follows ; normal group were fed normal diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ to rat during 7 weeks, control group were fed high fat diet and administered DDW $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample A were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 500 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks, sample B were fed high fat diet and administered ETG 700 mg/kg $1.0m{\ell}$ during 7 weeks. Results & Conclusions : 1. Sample A and Sample B significantly decreased body weight, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level, serum phospholipid level and serum leptin level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample B significantly decreased serum total cholesterol level and serum triglyceride level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample B significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. According to above results, the author suggested that ETG was able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity. 4. ETG significantly increased rCBF, and increased CMF in a dose-dependent. 5. ETG significantly decreased MABP in a dose-dependent. 6. rCBF was significantly and stably increased by ETG(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. This results were suggested that ETG significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and activating serum leptin level. So that, the present author thought that ETG had an effects of obesity and complication coming from obesity(ischemic cerebral and cardiac disease).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2007

Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In our case study using animal models for disease states such as obesity or hypertension, we found that, Isaria sinclairii remarkably reduced body weight and ameliorated metabolic abnormalities in Zucker and SHR rats. Genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats were one animal model chosen for this study. Four groups of rats received a standard diet and were treated orally with the following test samples daily for 8 weeks: saline (negative control), ethanol extracts of I. sinclairii, hot water extract of I. sinclairii, or $Xenical^{(R)}$ (30 mg/kg, positive control). Mild reductions (6.3%) in body weight gain were observed in the groups treated with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii compared to the control after 8 weeks. Interestingly, organ weight was greatly reduced by this Dongchunghacho (I. sinclairii), in parallel with the mild reductions in body weight gain and reductions in abdominal fat (adipose tissue). Also observed was a 4.1 % decrease in the ratio of heart weight/body weight compared to the control group. As a hypertensive animal model, SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) and WKY (Wistar Kyoto) rats were also administered these extracts for one month. Treatment with the hot water extract of I. sinclairii caused greater reductions in body weight gain for the SHR group (10.9%) compared to the WKY group's (5.2%). Based on these results, I. sinclairii extracts contain selective action for anti-obesity activity, naturally occurring candidate for regulation of body weight increase, as demonstrated in the present study.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.8
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• 2014

Metabolic effects of ten daily doses of standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves (AP) rich in andrographolide were evaluated in a rat model of type-2 diabetes and in diet induced obese rats. AP was administered per-orally as suspension in 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days. Blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile of rats were measured by using enzyme kits. In addition, effects of such treatments on anti-oxidant enzymes activity and histopathological changes in various organs of diabetic rats were assessed. AP treatments reversed body weight losses and increased plasma insulin level in diabetic rats. The anti-oxidant enzymes activity became normal and histopathological changes observed in pancreas, liver, kidney and spleen of diabetic animals were less severe in extract treated groups. On the other hand, hyperinsulinemia and increased body weight gains observed in high fat or fructose fed rats were less severe in the extract treated groups. These observations revealed therapeutic potentials of the extract for treatments of diabesity associated metabolic disorders, and suggest that the effects of the extract on insulin homeostasis depend on the metabolic status of animals. Activation of cytoprotective mechanisms could be involved in its mode of action.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2002

This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of function of Wax Ground for obesity and the related disease of adult people can be developed by the combination of the 17 food materials screened in this study. The experiments using Sprague-Dawley male rats show that seventeen kinds of food material inhibited the increase of body weight gain, energy intake, fat pads weight, liver triglycerides content, atherogenic index, and blood glucose concentration induced by cafeteria diet. Oral administration of wax gourd decreased most body weight gain, energy intake, fat pads weight, and blood glucose concentration. Liver triglycerides content was the lowest in the group administered mulberry stem extract and the group administered pine leaves showed the lowest atherogenic index. The combined administration of wax gourd, mulberry stem extract and pine leaves improved more the obesity and related symptoms than the individual administrations.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.302-312
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• 2019

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of black tea extract (BTE) on collagen -induced platelet aggregation. In this study, BTE (10~500 ㎍/mL) was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation via thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) down-regulation by blocking cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity. Also, BTE decreased intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization ([Ca²⁺]_i). Additionally, BTE enhanced the levels of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are aggregation-inhibiting molecules. BTE inhibited the phosphorylation of phospholipase C (PLC) γ2 and syk activated by collagen. BTE regulated platelet aggregation via cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) Ser¹⁵⁷. The anti-platelet effects of BTE in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats were evaluated. After eight weeks of BTE treatment (300 and 600 mg/kg), the platelet aggregation rate in the treated groups was significantly less than that in the HFD-fed control group. Also, BTE exhibited a hepatoprotective effect and did not exert hepatotoxicity. Therefore, these data suggest that BTE has anti-platelet effects on collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of platelet-mediated thrombotic diseases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.818-826
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• 1999

Antidiabetic activity and mechanism of Sangbackpitang (SBPT) was examined in db/db mice, which is a spontaneously hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and obese animal model. SBPT and acarbose were administered orally for 4 weeks. Fasting and non-fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride were all reduced when compared between db/db control group and SBPT treated group. At 12th week after birth, SBPT increased an insulin secretion although statistic significance was not seen. Total activities of sucrase, maltase and lactase in SBPT treated group were all decreased when compared to db/db control. On the other hand, sucrase and maltase activities in acarbose treated groups were increased. Effect of SBPT on mRNA expression of glucose transporter(GLUT-4) was also examined. Quantitation of glucose transporter was performed by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat-action gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in SBPT treated group was increased significantly. These results may suggest that SBPT lowered blood glucose ascribing to inhibition of glycosidase-catalyzed reaction and upregulation of muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.315-325
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in lipid proton (LP) composition according to the induced obese fatty liver and to use it as basic data for treatment and diagnosis of fatty liver in the future. The phantom study was conducted to identify differences between STEAM and PRESS Pulse sequences in LP concentration. A high-fat diet (60%) was administered to eight Sprague-Dawley rats to induce obesity and fatty liver disease. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging /spectroscopy data were obtained prior to the introduction of high-fat diet, and data acquisition experiments were performed after eight weeks using procedures identical to those used for baseline studies. The six lipid proton metabolites were calculated using LCModel software. The correlation between the fat percentage and each LP, revealed that the methylene protons at 1.3 ppm showed the highest positive correlation. The α-methylene protons to carboxyl and diallylic protons showed negative correlation with fat percentage. The methylene proton showed the highest increase in the LP; however, it constituted only 71.86% of the total LP concentration. The methylene proton plays a leading role in fat accumulation in liver parenchyma.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Lythrum salicaria L. ethanol extract on anti-obesity effects in rat fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obese rat model. Male SD rats were divided into normal group, control (high fat diet) group, positive control (Garcinia Cambogia extracts) group, high fat group supplemented with ethanol extracts of Lythrum salicaria L. (EELS). The body weight gain and control (high fat diet) were increased by a high fat diet, but decreased in the EELS. At the end of the experiment, the body weight in high fat diet groups was higher than that of normal diet group, while the body weights of EELS and positive control group were significantly reduced by 16.62%, as compared with that of high fat diet group (p < 0.05). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol in EELS group were significantly decreased as compared with high fat diet group (p < 0.05). The liver and mesenteric adipose tissue weights of control (high fat diet) increase than that for normal group, whereas EELS and positive control group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Levels of triglyceride in liver were significantly lower in EELS group than those in high fat diet group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that Lythrum salicaria L. extract may improve lipid metabolism and reduce fat accumulation and body weight.