• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2021

This study attempted to estimate the degree of management of oak mushroom farms in Chungcheongnam-do and to provide information to establish oak mushroom cultivation-related policies. The oak mushroom management standard diagnostic table consists of three major categories, growing condition, inoculation management, cultivation management and management administration, along with 20 subcategories. Thus, 209 households of oak mushroom farms were surveyed from 2015 to 2018 in Gongju, Cheongyang, Buyeo and Seochun in Chungcheongnam-do. The average score for the 20 subcategories was 71.5 points (representing a significant level), indicating that these areas have excellent management conditions. The analysis of the management performance indicators revealed a high number of indicators with scores of five or above. The total score was higher, and the amount per bed log and the rate of top-grade products in the total output were also higher, indicating a significant correlation. These findings will provide consulting services to oak mushroom growers as they highlight the correlation between the higher scores of indicators in the oak mushroom management standard diagnostic table and the management performance of farmers. We found that the scores of the indicators for management administration, such as management record and analysis and fund plan were relatively lower than those of other indicators. It is assumed that the owners aging has led to negligence in recording the details on incomes, expenditures, and work and lowered the willingness to make substantial profits. Therefore, it is essential to overcome these problems for profitable oak mushroom farming.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2003

Patterns of mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing oak (Quercus mongolica) and mixed litters (Q. mongolica, Betula schmidtii, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Kalopanx pictus and Tilia amurensis) in a natural hardwood forest in Gyebangsan (Mt.) were examined using litterbags placed on the forest floor for 869 days. Mass loss rates from decomposing litter were consistently higher in mixed litter (59%) than in oak litter types (52%) during the study period. Nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) from decomposing litter were also higher in mixed litter than in oak litter types. Nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, and Mg) increased compared with initial concentration of litter, while K concentrations dropped rapidly at the first 5 months and then stabilized. The results suggest that mas loss and nutrient release obtained from decomposing litter of single species in mixed hardwood forest ecosystem should be applied with caution because of the potential differences of mass loss and nutrient release between single litter and mixed litter types.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2016

To compare seed components of plus trees, seed powder ground after seedcoat removal was analyzed for two oak species, i. e., Quercus monglica (white oak) and Quercus variabilis (red oak), which are typical oak trees in Korea but have different fruiting characteristics. Thus we aimed at analyzing and comparing many ingredients including minerals, sugars, etc. Two species were similar to each other in the content of water, crude ash, crude protein and carbohydrates, but crude lipid content in Q. variabilis was 2.5 times higher than that in Q. mongolica. Crude proteins of Clone 124 was 1.5 times higher than that of Clone 75 in Q. mongolica. Crude lipid content showed the highest value in Clone 0511 of Q. variabilis, and more phosphate and iron was found in Q. monglica than in Q. variabilis. Glucose showed 85.4% and 88.3% on average of the total monosacchrides in two species, and galactose and arabinose were also found. In the content of phosphate, iron, and crude lipid, differences were found between two species and among clones of two species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Forest disturbance sometime considered as a tool of management as it believed that mid level disturbance constructs better micro-climatic conditions which ultimately boost up the plant diversity. The effect of different levels of disturbance on species composition and regeneration is very important. Present attempt was carried out in a temperate evergreen oak forest which was under various degree of disturbance. The study area is one of the large ranges of oak forest in Garhwal Himalaya and compensating various types of daily needs of local people. On the basis of IVI values Quercus leucotrichophora holds first position in all the disturbance zones whereas Myrica esculenta upgraded it's rank in highly disturbed zone and showed less impacted species by disturbance. Berberis aristata and Eupatorium adenophorum in shrub layer and Anaphalis adnata and Bidens pilosa in herb layer were found as disturbance friendly species because they attained higher rank in highly disturbed zone whereas Caryopteris foetida was found disturbance-sensitive in shrub layer. The banj oak regenerated well under mid disturbance as compared to no and high degree of disturbance and a sharp downfall in the species diversity was recorded with increasing magnitude of disturbance. Density-diameter curves showed a reverse trend of lower density in higher girth classes. The results of the study should be useful for the forest management strategies.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2007

This study is designed to provide forest managers and landowners with tools to estimate the effect of forest management on carbon storage, investigating living tree biomass, detritus, and harvested wood products as variables. Thinning, selection cutting, and uncutting were applied to the three different forest types in New York, USA. Carbon storage of the original stands was 90, 56, and $101Mg\;ha^{-1}$ at the Allegheny hardwood forest, Northern hardwood forest, and Oak - black cherry forest, respectively. Among treatments, uncutting generally stored the greatest amount carbon. However, the rate of carbon storage was the smallest at the uncut treatment in all the sites. The 50% thinning, 50% selection, and 50% thinning treatments were the highest rate of carbon storage at the Allegheny hardwood forest, Northern hardwood forest, and Oak - cherry forest, respectively. In this study, only short term was applied to simulate carbon sequestration after silvicultural treatment. So, more research is needed to determine whether any silvicultural treatment can store significantly more carbon than no treatment over the long term.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.220-232
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• 2009

참나무시들음병 발생지역의 임분구조 특성 파악을 통한 피해해석을 목적으로, 전라남도와 제주도를 제외한 전국 7개도 18개 참나무시들음병 발생지역을 대상으로 식생조사를 실시하였고(Group A), 아울러 참나무시들음병의 매개충인 광릉긴나무좀(Platypus koryoensis)에 의한 피해 모니터링을 목적으로 설치된 경기도와 강원도 내 5개 고정조사지에도 식생조사를 실시하였다(Group B). 그 결과 전국 18개 지역(Group A) 가운데 17개 지역에서 참나무속(Quercus spp.) 수종들의 우점도가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 참나무시들음병 피해 모니터링을 목적으로 설치한 5개 고정조사지(Group B)에서는 참나무시들음병 피해 정도를 나타내는 지표 가운데 하나인 천공률(Relative Density of Entrance Holes)과 조사지 내 참나무속 수종들의 상대밀도 간에 통계적으로 매우 유의한 상관관계($R^2=0.89$, p<0.05)가 인정되어, 임분구조상 참나무속 수종의 우점도는 참나무 시들음병의 발생과 관련성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2018

For the control of oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, an antifungal microorganism, Streptomyces blastmyceticus, was used as a potential agent. Culture suspension of S. blastmyceticus was injected into Quercus mongolicae in the research forest of Kangwon National University by $ChemJet^{(R)}$ trunk injection and Macro-infusion at root flare injection. $Alamo^{(R)}$ (a.i., propiconazole 14.5%), a fungicide currently used for the control of oak wilt in USA, was also treated by both methods to compare the efficacy. For preventive efficacy, culture suspension of the pathogen was inoculated at 1 month after injection of either agent. Tested trees were cut at 3 months after treatment, stained with 1% Fuchsin acid, and then non-conductive area (NCA) and re-isolation frequency (RIF) of oak wilt fungus were compared among treatments. While NCA was the highest as 47.3% in pathogen only treatment, it was the lowest as 16.0% in sterilized water treatment by Macro-infusion. NCAs of Alamo treatment by Macro-infusion and ChemJet injection were 25.3% and 32.1%, respectively. NCA of S.blastmyceticus treatment by ChemJet injection was 32.3%, similar with Alamo treatment's by ChemJet injection. All treatments by either injection method showed significantly lower NCA compared to the pathogen only treatment. These results indicate that S. blastmyceticus injection shows the preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by suppressing the growth of pathogen injected. NCA of Macro-infusion injection of sterilized water was lower as 16.0%, compared to 21.3% of ChemJet injection. It means that Macro-infusion is more effective in translocation of sterilized water than ChemJet injection by even distribution. RIF from wood discs of treated trees showed high in pathogen only treatment, but relatively low in S. blastmyceticus treatment. RIF results were correlated with NCA results. From the above results, it was confirmed that S. blastmyceticus showed preventive efficacy against oak wilt disease by ChemJet trunk or Macro-infusion at root flare injection.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) distribution within tree components (i.e., stem, branches, leaves, and roots) of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carriere) plantation and natural oriental cork oak (Quercus variabilis Blume) stands. Fifteen Japanese larch and 15 oriental cork oak trees were destructively sampled to compare the C and N stocks in the components of the trees from three different regions-Hadong-gun, Hamyang-gun and Sancheong-gun-in Gyeongnam Province, South Korea. Species-specific allometric equations were developed to estimate the C and N contents in the tree components based on the diameter at breast height (DBH). There were differences in mean C and N concentrations between the Japanese larch and the oriental cork oak. The mean C concentrations of the tree componentswere significantly higher in Japanese larch than in oriental cork oak; whereas, the N concentration in the stems was significantly lower in Japanese larch than in oriental cork oak. The allometric equations developed for C and N content were significant (p < 0.05) with a coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.76 to 0.99. The C and N stocks in the tree components do not appear to be affected by the species such as Japanese larch plantations and oriental cork oak stands. This study emphasizes the importance of C and N concentrations to estimate the C and N distribution according to tree components in different tree species.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.329-343
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• 2016

The present study was conducted on ridge tops of moist temperate Oak forests in Garhwal Himalaya to assess the plant diversity, regeneration, biomass production and carbon assimilation in different Oak forests. For this purpose, three Oak forest types viz., (a) Quercus leucotrichophora or Banj Oak (FT1; between 1,428-2,578 m asl), (b) Quercus floribunda or Moru Oak (FT2; between 2,430-2,697 m asl) and (c) Quercus semecarpifolia or Kharsu Oak (FT3; between 2,418-3,540 m asl) were selected on different ridge tops in Bhagirathi catchment area of Garhwal Himalaya. A total of 91 plant species including 23 trees (8 gymnosperms and 15 angiosperms), 21 shrubs and 47 herbs species belonging to 46 families were recorded from all the ridge top Oak forests. The highest mean tree density ($607{\pm}33.60trees\;ha^{-1}$) was observed in Q. floribunda forest with lower mean total basal cover (TBC) value ($48.02{\pm}3.67m^2ha^{-1}$), whereas highest TBC value ($80.16{\pm}3.30m^2ha^{-1}$) was recorded for Q. semecarpifolia forest, with lowest mean stem density ($594{\pm}23.43stems\;ha^{-1}$). The total biomass density (TBD) across three Oak forests ranged between $497.32{\pm}83.70$ (FT1) and $663.16{\pm}93.85t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3), while the total carbon density (TCD) values ranged between $228.75{\pm}22.27$ (FT1) and $304.31{\pm}18.12t\;ha^{-1}$ (FT3). Most of the tree species were found with good regeneration (GR) status (average 45%) in all the forest types whereas, few species were found not regenerating (NR) (average 17%) however, few new recruitments were also recorded. ANOVA (Post-Hoc Tukey's test at 5% significance level) indicated significant forest-wise differences in TBC, TBD and TCD (in tree layer); family and evenness (in shrub layer only) values, while insignificant differences were noticed in density values of tree, seedling and herb layer.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.288-291
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• 2012

한국에서 발병하는 참나무시들음병은 암브로시아 곤충인 Platypus koryoensis.에 의해 전반되는 Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae 균류에 의해 발생한다. 이 병의 전파를 방지하기 위해 참나무시들음병 감염목을 벌채 후 비닐막을 씌워 훈증하고 벌채장소에 3년 이상 방치시키고 있다. 본 연구는 이런 훈증처리된 감염목에 존재하는 균류에 대한 정보를 얻고자 수행하였다. 천안 태조산 지역 두 곳에서 훈증처리된 감염목을 채집하고 진균을 분리하여 99개 균주를 얻었다. 분리 균주를 형태적 특성과 translation elongation factor 1-alpha 유전자와 ITS rDNA region 염기서열에 의거한 분자적 방법으로 동정한 결과 Hypocrea, Trichoderma, Penicillium 속에 속하는 종들이 확인되었다. 이중 Trichoderma 속에 속하는 종이 주요 균류이었다. 조사결과 병원균인 R. quercus-mongolicae와 매개충인 P. koryoensis는 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 훈증 처리한 참나무시들음병 감염목이 3년 이상 되면 더 이상의 피해를 유발할 위험요소가 없다는 과학적 증거를 제시한다.