• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2007

Present experiments were conducted to determine the possibility of artificial culture with various sawdust of P. gilvus. The pH value was 6.0 of oak sawdust, 6.5 of mulberry sawdust, 6.6 of elm sawdust, 6.3 of acacia sawdust and 6.1 of apple tree sawdust. Mycelial density on elm sawdust and acacia sawdust were lower than those of oak sawdust, and apple sawdust. Weight of fresh fruiting body showed that 179 g on oak tree, 227 g on oak sawdust, 21 g on elm tree, 76 g on elm sawdust, 106 g on apple tree, and 170 g on apple sawdust. Among them, the yield of oak substrates was the highest whereas acacia sawdust was the lowest, and it is concluded that the yields of sawdust substrates were higher than log substrates. P. gilvus grown on various sawdusts and logs used in this study have shown similar in anti-tumor activity against P388.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.336-342
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• 2003

The effects of cultivation methods (cultivation of curled-shaped type, M-1; conventional cultivation, M-2; growing after treatment with a growth regulator, M-3; cultivation by the combination of M-1 and treatment with oak charcoal, M-4) on the quality characteristics of soybean sprouts were studied by the measurement of growth characteristics. This study also investigated the changes in shelf-life stability of the new soybean sprouts (NSB) using M-4, which was cultivated with oak charcoal and treated with antimicrobial Citrus sunki seed extract. Among the soybean sprouts grown for six days at the high temperature and humidity environment (90$\pm$5% RH, 25$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$), M-1 revealed no significant difference in terms of quality, such as the harvest yield, the rot rate and the growth characteristics when compared with M-2. M-3 showed no significant difference in growth characteristics, of hardness, and sensory evaluation scores when compared with the soybean sprouts grown by conventional methods. NSB had a low number of total microorganisms and had a better appearance after five days of storage than did the control group (M-2). These findings demonstrate that chemical-free and clean soybean sprouts can be grown by combining oak charcoal and antimicrobial Citrus sunki seed extract, thereby meeting the consumer demand for safe, chemical free sprouts.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 1998

The contents of holocellulose, one of the main components of the wood, were 83.9% in oak wood and 76.9% in apple wood, respectively. Those of hemicellulose were 16.41 and 20.33%, and in lignin 23.0 and 19.7%, respectively. Six species of domestic oak wood and apple wood were considered to be suitable for smoking materials due to the low content of lignin. Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoke flavoring prepared with oak wood at 150, 400 and 500$^{\circ}C$ were 0. 4, 3. 7 and 5.6$\mu\textrm{g}$,/kg, respectively. The amounts of phenanthrene were 112.7, 131.4 and 255.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively, in each temperature. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in smoke flavory were in the order of phenanthrene＞anthracene＞pyrene＞benzo(a)anthracene＞chrysene＞benzo(b)fluoranthens＞benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene contents in smoking extracts prepared with apple wood at 150, 400 and 500$^{\circ}C$ were 0.4, 3.3 and 5.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. Phenanthrene contents in those samples were 72.7, 100.2 and 220.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, respectively. Contents of each PAH showed the same order as in oak wood.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.778-783
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• 2006

Price prediction is essential to decisions of investment and shipment in oak mushroom cultivation. But predicting the prices of oak mushroom is very difficult because there are so many uncertain factors affecting the demand and the supply in the market. The Box-Jenkins methodology is one of strong tools in price prediction especially for the short-term using historical observations of time series. In this paper, the Box-Jenkins methodology is applied to find a model to forecast future oak mushroom prices. And out-of-sample test was conducted to check out the prediction accuracy. The result shows the high accuracy except for market disturbance period affected by unexpected weather change and reveals the usefulness of the model.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.151-156
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 국제 표준화기구(ISO) 산하의 동영상 전문가 그룹(MPEG)의 오디오 압축방법들중 하나인 MPEG-I layer 3 의 복호화기를 고정 소수점으로 변환한 후, $OakDSPCore^{\circledR}$를 기반으로 전 과정을 어셈블리어로 실시간 구현하였다. 실시간 구현에 사용된 $OakDSPCore^{\circledR}$는 DSP Group사에서 개발된 저전력 소비형 16-비트 고정 소수점 DSPCore로서 40MIPS의 성능을 가지고 있으며, 음성/오디오, 통신, 디지털 셀룰라폰 같은 소비자의 맞게 ASIC화할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 구현된 MP3 복호화기는 약33 MIPS의 복잡도를 나타내며, 사용된 메모리양은 프로그램 ROM 3.1K words, 데이터 ROM(table) 10.82K words 및 ROM 6.1K words이다. 구현된 MP3 복호화기는 OMNI-MEDIASOUND에서 제공하는 4개의 test 벡터들을 bit-exact하게 통과하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.319-331
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• 1994

A phutosociological study on the Mongolian oak forest was carried out on Mt. Sorak by the Z-M method. The Mongolian oak forest was classified into one oder, two alliances, one assoication and three commuities; Rhododendro-Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990 Lindero-Quercion monogolicae Kim 1990 Vaccinium hirtum v. koreanum-Quercus monogolica community Lespedeza maximowiczii-Quercus monogolica community Pino koreiensis-Quercion mongolicae Kim 1992 Typical community Lichno-Quercetrum monofolicae Kim 1992 Total vascular plant species in invesitigatied sites consited of 193 taxa, and their life-form composition was $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1984

The removal and readsorption effects of pine and oak bark grown in Korea on water pollution caused by heavy metal ions have been investigated. Bark saturated with heavy metal ions is refleshed with 0.1 N ammonium acetate and then its readsorption has been done. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Adsorption effect of pine bark is similiar to that of oak bark, and 20-40 meshed bark gives the best results. 2. 0.1 N amonium acetate of pH 7 shows more elutriative than the others such as pH 3 hydrochloric acid, pH 10 ammonium hydroxide and pH 7 water. 3 Pine bark refleshed with 0.1 N ammonium acetate gets two times as effective in adsorption as raw bark, and shows more effective than oak bark.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 2003

Patterns of mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing oak (Quercus mongolica) and mixed litters (Q. mongolica, Betula schmidtii, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Kalopanx pictus and Tilia amurensis) in a natural hardwood forest in Gyebangsan (Mt.) were examined using litterbags placed on the forest floor for 869 days. Mass loss rates from decomposing litter were consistently higher in mixed litter (59%) than in oak litter types (52%) during the study period. Nutrient concentrations such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) from decomposing litter were also higher in mixed litter than in oak litter types. Nutrient concentrations (N, P, Ca, and Mg) increased compared with initial concentration of litter, while K concentrations dropped rapidly at the first 5 months and then stabilized. The results suggest that mas loss and nutrient release obtained from decomposing litter of single species in mixed hardwood forest ecosystem should be applied with caution because of the potential differences of mass loss and nutrient release between single litter and mixed litter types.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.599-606
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• 1992

A manipulator system that needs significantly large workspace volume and high payload capacity has greater link flexibility than typical industrial robots and teleoperators. If link flexibility is significant, position control of the manipulator's end-effector exhibits the nonminimum phase, noncollocated, and flexible structure system control problems. This paper addresses inverse dynamic trajectory planning issues of a flexible manipulator. The inverse dynamic equation of a flexible manipulator was solved in the time domain. By dividing the inverse system equation into the causal part and the anticausal part, the inverse dynamic method calculates the feedforward torque and the trajectories of all state variables that do not excite structural vibrations for a given end-point trajectory. Through simulation and experiment with a single-Unk flexible manipulator, the effectiveness of the inverse dynamic method has been demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between water absorption (or hygroscopic property) and growth rate of rubra oak (Quercus rubra) from 5 different origins of seed (Carleton, Simcoe, Chatham, Bancroft, Unknown). Water absorption at cross section of Quercus rubra was $0.43{\sim}0.92g/cm^2$ and the property was not related with growth rate. Overall equilibrium moisture content of rubra oak were 11.35~11.56% and 15.15~15.83% at $40^{\circ}C$ with 75% and 90% relative humidities, respectively. There was no relationship between growth rate and moisture content(hygroscopy) in rubra oak. Based on the results, Rubra oak can be classified as a low hygroscopic wood grade, and thus might be a good raw material for furniture productions owing to its superior dimensional stability.