• 제목/요약/키워드: nystatin

검색결과 52건 처리시간 0.024초

유우유방염(乳牛乳房炎)에 관여(關與)하는 효모양진균(酵母樣眞菌)에 관한 연구(硏究) 2. 효모양진균(酵母樣眞菌)의 항진균성물질(抗眞菌性物質)에 대한 감수성(感受性) (Studies on the Yeast-Like Fungi Associated with Bovine Mastitis 2. Sensitivity of Yeast-Like Fungi to Antifungal Agents)

  • 여상건;최원필
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.139-147
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    • 1982
  • A total of 133 isolates of yeast-like fungi was tested for sensitivity to seven different antifungal agents. The yeast-like fungi tested were isolated from the milk from normal or mastitic bovine quaters or from bovine feces. They were 5 Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolates, 63 C. krusei, 27 C. tropicalis, 5 C. parapsilosis, 10 Torulopsis glabrata, 6 Rhodotorula sp., 6 Hansenula sp. and 1 Pichia sp. isolate. The antifungal agents tested were nystatin, griseofulvin, cycloheximide, 5-fluorocytosine, miconazol, clotrimazole and tolnaftate. In general, clotrimazole, miconazol and 5-fluorocytosine were more effective in antifungal activity in vitro against the test organisms than the rest of the agents tested. However, some of the isolates showed higher resistance to certain antifungal agents compared to the other isolates of the some species. They were: 1 C. albicans isolate to 5-fluorocytosine; 1 C. albicans to 5-fluorocytosine, miconazol and clotrimazole; 1 C. krusei to 5-fluorocytosine and cycloheximide; and 11 C. tropicalis isolates to cycloheximide. The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) of clotrimazole were $12.5{\mu}g/ml$ or lower for all isolates tested except one C. albicans isolate, for which MIC of the drug was $100{\mu}g/ml$. On the other hand, the MIC's of cycloheximide were $6.5{\mu}g/ml$ or lower for all isolates except the following; all isolates of C. albicans ($100{\mu}g/ml$), C. pseudotropicalis ($200{\mu}g/ml$) and Rhodotorula sp. ($25-50{\mu}g/ml$), 11 C. tropicalis isolates ($100{\mu}g/ml$) and 1 C. krusei isolate ($200{\mu}g/ml$).

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유우유방염(乳牛乳房炎)에 관여(關與)하는 효모양진균(酵母樣眞菌)에 관한 연구(硏究) 1. 역학적(疫學的)인 조사(調査) (Studies on the Yeast-Like Fungi Associated with Bovine Mastitis 1. Epidemiological Study)

  • 여상건;최원필
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.121-138
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    • 1982
  • The present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of yeast-like fungi in bovine mastitis. Attempts were made to isolate and identify yeast-like fungi from the milk from normal udders and those with clinical or subclinical mastitis and from feces. Also incuded in the study were trials for the pathogenicity of the isolates for laboratory animals and efficacy of an anti-fungal drug for the treatment of mastitis. A total of 133 isolates of yeast-like fungi was made from milk and feces and they were identified as Candida (C.) albicans (5 isolates), C. krusei (63 isolates), C. tropicalis (27 isolates), Torulopsis (T.) glabrata (10 isolates), Rhodotourla sp. (6 isolates), Hansenula sp. (6 isolates) and Pichia sp. (1 isolate). Sixty seven strains of yeast-like fungi were isolated from the milk of 64 quarters (4.3% of quarters examined) of 55 cows (14.3% of cows examined). C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis and T. glabrata were isolated as the causative agents from 20 quarters (1.3% of quarters examined) with clinical mastitis. C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, Rhodotorula sp. and Hansenula sp. were isolated as the causative agents from 22 quarters (1.5% quarters examined) with subclinical mastitis. C. tropicalis, C. krusei, T. glabrata and Rhodotorula sp. were isolated as the contaminants from 22 normal quarters (1.5% of quarters examined). C. krusei, C albicans, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, C. parapsilosis, T. glabrata, Hansenula sp., Rhodotorula sp. and Pichia sp. were isolated as the contaminants from feces and all of the species except Pichia sp. were isolated from milk of the same cows at the some time. Intramammary infusion of nystatin was effective for the treatment of mastitis caused by C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotoropicalis, C. parapsilosis, T. glabrata and Rhodotorula sp. C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, C. pseudotropicalis, T. glabrata, Hamsenula sp. and Pichia sp. were pathogenic for rat but C. parapsilosis and Rhodotorula sp. were not.

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개 외이도에서 분리한 세균 및 M pachydermatis의 약제감수성에 대하여 (Drug susceptibility of bacteria and M pachydermatis isolated from canine external ear canals)

  • 김기향;최원필;여상건
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.560-565
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    • 1999
  • The present work was conducted to investigate the drug susceptibility of microorganisms isolated from canine external ear canals. Antifungal susceptibility test of M pachydermatis (17 strains) was perfomed by agar dilution method, using 11 antifungal drugs including amphotericin B(A), nystatin(N), pimaricin(P), griseofulvin(G), bifonazole(B), clotrimazole(C), miconazole(M), econazole(E), ketoconazole(K), tolnaftate(T), 5-fluorocytosine(F). All isolates were highly sensitive to K, M, T(geometric mean MIC ; GM $MIC{\leq}0.16{\mu}g/ml$) but they weren't sensitive to P, F and G(GM $MIC{\geq}92.37{\mu}g/ml{\sim}{\geq}128{\mu}g/ml$). Antibacterial susceptibility test against 119 isolates of bacteria was performed by agar dilution method, using 9 antibacterial drugs including erythromycin(ET), chloramphenicol(CP), gentamycin(G), vancomycin(V), ampicillin(AP), amoxacillin(AX), chlortetracycline(CT), ciprofloxacin(CF), enrofloxacin(EF). All isolates of Staphylococcus spp(101 strains) were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM MIC $0.33{\sim}1.47{\mu}g/ml$). In other gram positive cocci(4 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, V(GM MIC $1{\sim}4.76{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). In gram positive rods(13 strains), they were highly sensitive to EF, CF, G(GM $MIC{\leq}0.19{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$). In Pseudomonas aeruginosa(1 strain), it was highly sensitive to AX, EF, ET, CF(GM MIC $0.06{\sim}1{\mu}g/ml$) and CT(GM MIC 1 UFL unit/ml). All isolates weren't sensitive to AP(GM MIC 16~>$32{\mu}g/ml$).

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보기, 보양, 온리약에 의해 유발된 이온전류와 흥분성 신경전달물질인 glutamate 수용체와의 관계 (Relationship of Bogi, Boyang, Onri herbs activated ion currents and excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, receptor)

  • 이충열;김연정;김창주
    • 동의생리학회지
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    • 제14권2호통권20호
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    • pp.55-66
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    • 1999
  • The effects of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs on glutamate receptor using nystatin perforated patch clamp under voltage clamp were investigated and the following results was obtained. Ginseng radix and Astragali radix were chosen as Bogi herbs. Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae herba were used as Boyang herbs. Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma were selected as Onri herbs. 1. $10^{-6}M$ of glycine brought about the increase of the ion currents by Astragali radix. Cervi cornu. Boshniakiae herba and Aconiti tuber to a minute extent that has no experimental meaning. 2. It was assumed that Bogi herb had no effect on glutamate receptor since the ion currents of Ginseng radix and Astragali radix that are Bogi herbs had not been inhibited to a great extent by D-AP5 and CNQX. 3. Boyang herbs were seem to have meaningful relationship with non-NMDA receptor since the ion currents by Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae that are Boyang herbs were inhibited by CNQX but not inhibited to a meaningful extent by D-AP5. 4. D-AP5 had not a significant effect on the ion currents activated by Onri herbs such as Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma. CNQX had a significant effect on the ion currents of Aconiti tuber but no effect on the ion currents of Zingiberis rhizoma. Therefore, it seemed that Aconiti tuber had a relationship with non-NMDA receptor while Zingiberis rhizoma had no relationship with glutamate receptor. In summary, Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs had different effects through different mechanisms on glutamate receptor. Hence it was believed that. through experiments on acetylcholine receptor new classification could be made.

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Modulation of Sarcodon Aspratus on lon Currents-induced by Excitatory Neurotransmitters in Rat Periaqueductal Gray Neurons

  • Kim, Sung-Tae;Sung, Yun-Hee;Kim, Chang-Ju;Joo, Kwan-Joong;Han, Seung-Ho;Lee, Choong-Yeol;Kim, Youn-Sub
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.1672-1677
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    • 2006
  • Sarcodon aspratus is the mushroom of Telephoracea which was been classified into Alphllophorales. The aqueous extract of Sarcodon aspratus in known to have anti-tumor activity, immune modulatory effect, and anti-oxidative action. The descending pain control system consists of three major components: the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of the midbrain, the rostroventral medulla including the nucleus raphe magnus, and the spinal dorsal horn. Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Glutamate ionotropic receptors are classified as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, ${\alpha}$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptor, and kainate receptor. In the present study, the modulation of Sarcodon aspratus on the ion currents activated by glutamate, NMDA, AMPA, and kainate in the acutely dissociated PAG neurons was investigated by nystatin-perforated patch-clamp technique under boltage-clamp condition. Sarcodon aspratus increased glutamate- and NMDA-induced ion currents were not increased by Sarcodon aspratus. The present results show that Sarcodon aspratus may activate the descending pain control system in rat PAG neurons through NMDA receptor.

원생동물(原生動物)에 의한 세균류(細菌類)의 소거(消去)에 관(關)한 기작(機作) (Alternate Prey: A Mechanism for Elimination of Bacterial Species by Protozoa)

  • 라리 엠 말로리;육창수;리누 량;마틴 알렉산더
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.358-367
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    • 1983
  • 항생물질(抗生物質)에 저항성(抵抗性)이 있는 Salmonenella typhimurium과 Klebsilla pneumoniae종(種)을 미처리(未處理) 하수(下水)에 첨가(添加)하였을 때 쉽게 죽었으나 살균하수중(殺菌下水中)에서는 생육(生育)하였다. 그 감소(減少)는 생활력(生活力)이 떨어져서 생기는 것이 아니고 유기영양분(有機榮養分)이 포함(包含)되지 않은 용액중(溶液中)에서 적어도 15일간(日間)은 많은 수(數)가 생존(生存)할 수 있었기 때문에 그것은 경쟁(競爭)의 결과(結果)가 아니다. 독성생성(毒性生成), 박테리오화지, 그리고 Bdellovibrio는 위의 두 세균(細菌)의 소멸(消滅)에 원인(原因)이 되지 않았다. 만일(萬一) 하수(下水)를 처음에 $3{\mu}m$여지(濾紙)에 통과(通過)시켰거나 cycloheximide나 cycloheximide에 nystatin을 혼합(混合)하여 처리(處理)하면 감소(減少)하는 것은 역시(亦是) 뚜렷하였으나 원생동물(原生動物)은 이 조건하(條件下)에서 생육(生育)했었다. 만일(萬一) 하수(下水)가 S. typhimurium 혹은 K. pneumoniae를 첨가(添加)하기 전(前)에 여과(濾過)하거나 진핵세균억제제(眞核細菌抑制劑)로 처리(處理)되면 그 감소(減少)는 거의 없었고 원생동물(原生動物)은 검출(檢出)되지 않았다. 만일(萬一) cycloheximide, streptomycin, erythromycine 혹은 많은 양(量)의 glucose가 하수(下水)에 첨가(添加)되면 S. typhimurium의 수(數)는 증가(增加)하였다. Tetrahymena themophilus는 세균(細菌)의 수(數)가 약(約) $10^4/ml$ 일 때 완충액(緩衝液)에서 S. typhimurium의 수(數)를 현저(顯著)히 감소(減少)시키지는 못하였다. 그러나 완충용액(緩衝溶液)에 Enterobacter agglomerans 세포(細胞)를 $10^8/ml$ 이상(以上)으로 첨가(添加)하였을 때 T. thermophilus는 E. agglomerans와 S. typhimurium의 수(數)를 각각(各各) $10^6{\sim}10ml$까지 감소(減少)시켰다. S. typhimurium의 수(數)는 E. aggromerans 세포(細胞)의 이차적(二次的) 증가(增加)로 더욱 감소(減少)하였다. 그리하여 하수(下水)에서 S. typhimurium과 K. pneumoniae의 소멸(消滅)은 원생동물(原生動物)의 포식(捕食)의 결과(結果)라고 보는 것이다. 교체(交替) 포식자(捕食子)가 포식자(捕食者)에 의한 활성적(活性的) 사양(飼養)을 위(爲)하여 그 수(數)가 최초(最初)의 수(數) 이상(以上)으로 많이 존재(存在)할 때와 포식자(捕食子)의 생장(生長) 비율(比率)이 포식비율(捕食比率)보다 떨어질 때에 포식자(浦食者)는 자연환경(自然環境)에서 포식자종(捕食子種)들을 소거(消去)할 것이라고 제안(提案)하는 것이다.

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Bioluminescence 반응에 의한 ATP측정을 이용한 젖소 유방염 치료에 관한 연구 (Treatment test for bovine mastitis by the determination of ATP based on firefly bioluminescence)

  • 김태종;김종배;이승배;전용수
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.393-405
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    • 1989
  • This study was carried out to treatment test for bovine mastitis by the determination of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) based on firefly bioluminescence. The results obtained are followed; 1. In the susceptibility test, cephalothin which looks the most effective were sensitive to Staphylococcus sp. (72.3%), Micrococcus sp. (84.2%), Streptococcus sp. (72.7%) and Gram positive bacilli (72.7%), Gram negative bacilli were sensitive to gentamicin (92.3%) and Yeast-like-fungi was the most sensitive to clotrimazole, and nystatin in order. 2. When the number of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida tropicalis isolated from the mastitis milk were counted by conventional agar plating technique, and compared with the concentration of bacterial ATP, it gave a good linear relationship. The content of ATP per Staphylococcus aureus, cell was 3.1fM and Candida tropicalis showed the high level of A TP (90fM). 3. The ATP assay was applied to the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of various antibiotics. When Staphylococcus aureus was incubated in the presence of different concentration of tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin and streptomycin sulfate and the growth was monitored by the conventional agar plating technique and ATP assay, both methods shown the same results that they were 1mcg/ml, 2mcg/ml, 6.25mcg/ml and 8mcg/ml, respectively. 4. For the determination of susceptibility of sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus au reus isolated for the milk with mastitis to tetracycline, erythromycin kanamycin and streptomycin sulfate, the minimum time required for the test was determined by the assay of ATP every 30 minutes during incubation of 3 hours at $37^{\circ}C$. ATP concentration time curve calculated on both resistant and sensitive strains incubated 3 hours as the optimum time for the determination of susceptibilities of various antibiotics exemed. The ATP concentration of each test broth (antibiotic containing), expressed as a percentage of its own control brith (antibioticfree) indicated values of 30% to be indicative of each antibiotic sensitivity. Single time point ATP assay carried out on the various sensitive and resistant of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics examined after 3 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ correlated exactly with disc diffusion and MIC. 5. In the cure of intramammary treatment of bovine mastitis in lactating quarters, the cure rate of Staphylococcal mastitis showed to cephalexin (80%), cloxacillin and gentamicin (70%), ampicillin and oxytetracycline (60%), and Streptococcal mastitis showed to cephalexin (85%), penicillin (80%), cloxacillin and oxytetracycline (75%), and ampicillin (70%), but intramammary antimycotic drug (clotrimazol) were only a little effect about fungal mastitis.

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Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD의 생균제로서의 특성 (Chayacterization of Bacillus polyfermenticus SCD as a Probiotic.)

  • 전경동;김혜진;이광호;백현동;강재선
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.359-366
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    • 2002
  • B. polyfermenticus SCD와 상업적으로 사용되는 생균제들의 pH 2.0, 3.0에서 내산성을 비교한 결과, 2시간에서의 생존율은 pH 2.0, 3.0에서 각각 85.6과 92.6%의 생존율을 나타내었으며 4시간에서도 각각 62.8%와 81.2%의 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. B. polyfermenticus SCD의 인공담즙산에 대한 내성을 확인한 결과, 인공담즙산이 함유되지 않은 대조구($3.2$\times$10^{7}$ CFU/ml)보다 균수($6.5$\times$10^{7$ CFU/ml)가 더 많이 증식되었다. 또한 B. polyfermenticus SCD는 비타민 $B_1$, $B_2$를 생산하고 장내유해균웨 의한 비타민 B군의 분해를 억제하여 영양을 공급한다. 게다가 비타민 C를 다량 생산하여 공급하므로 비타민 C의 항산화작용에 의한 피부노화 방지 및 항암작용 등의 여러 가지 효능들도 기대할 수 있다. B. polyfermenticus SCD의 소화력을 다른 Bacillus sp.과 비교했을 때 지방소화력은 비슷한 활성을 나타내었으나, 전분 소화력은 약 2배, 단백소화력은 약 25배의 높은 소화력을 가지고 있었다. B. polyfermenticus SCD는 낮은 pH에서도 안정성이 확보되었으며 저장온도는 가혹조건($40^{\circ}C$, RH 70%)에서 26.8%거 비교적 낮은 안정성을 나타내었을 뿐 저온 및 실온에서는 매우 안정하였다. 그리고 수중에서와 5% glucose용액, 고농도의 NaCl 에서도 매우 높은 안정성을 나타내어 식품을 포함한 다양한 형태의 제품에 적용했을 때에도 그 안정성이 탁월하여 응용성이 크다고 할 수 있겠다. B. polyfermenticus SCD복용에 따른 장내균총의 변화에서는 Salmonella, E. coli, Staphylococcus등 유해균의 유의성 있는 감소효과를 나타내었으며, 유익균과의 공생작용과 유익균에 대한 생육촉진작용을 나타내었다. 장내 암모니아의 변화에서는 복용 중에 유의성 있는 감소효과를 보였다. 이상의 결과로서 B. polyfermenticus SCD의 생균제로서의 특성은 기능성 식품의 개발 등 산업적으로 매우 유용하다고 판단된다.

Candida속 균의 항진균성약제에 대한 감수성 (Antifungal susceptibility of Candida spp isolated from bovine mammary glands and teat cups of milking machines)

  • 여상건;정규영;조희택
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.69-73
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    • 1989
  • 준임상형 유방염 이환 젖소의 유즙과 유두컵으로부터 분리된 Candida속 균의 8종 항진균성약제에 대한 감수성을 조사하였던 결과는 다음과 같다. 총 53주의 Candida속균 중 98.2%, 94.4%, 84.8%의 균주가 각각 clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole의 농도 $25{\mu}g/ml$이하에서 발육이 억제됨으로서, 이들 약제의 항균력이 타 약제에 비하여 우수하였다. 균종별로 보면 C albicans는 clotrimazole에 대한 감수성이 가장 높았으며, 기타 비교적 감수성이 높았던 약제는 5-fluorocytosine, econazole, miconazole의 순이었다. C pseudotropicalis와 C guilliermondii는 haloprogin, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, 5-fluorocytosine등에 높은 감수성을 나타내었으며, haloprogin의 평균 MIC가 $0.17{\sim}0.19{\mu}g/ml$로 가장 우수하였다. C krusei는 cycloheximide에 대한 감수성이 가장 높았으며, 그의 비교적 감수성이 높았던 약제는 clotrimazole, haloprogin, miconazole, econazole의 순이었다. 한편 C parapsilosis는 econazole, cycloheximide, clotrimazole등에 다소 감수성을 나타내었으나, 이들 약제의 MIC는 econazole(기하평균 MIC $7.26{\mu}g/ml$)을 제외하고는 타균종에서 보다 현저히 낮았다. 또한 C tropicalis는 전 공시약제에 대하여 감수성이 낮은 경향이었다.

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보기, 보양, 온리약의 전처치가 glutamate current에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Bogi, Boyang, Onri herbs pretreatment on glutamate ion current)

  • 김창주;김연정;김현배;김이화;이충열
    • 동의생리학회지
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    • 제14권2호통권20호
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    • pp.67-82
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    • 1999
  • The effects of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs on glutamte receptor, and the regulatory mechanism of cAMP-protein kinase on the ion currents activated by Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs using nystatin-perforated patch clamp were investigated and the following results were obtained. Ginseng radix and Astragali radix, Cervi cornu and Boshniakiae herba, and Aconiti tuber and Zingiberis rhizoma were chosen as Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs respectively. 1. The ion currents activated by $10^{-5}M$ of glycine were used as controls. The magnitudes of the ion currents by the above named herbs were as follows; Cervi cornu>Astragali radix>Aconiti tuber>Zingiberis rhizoma>Ginseng radix>Boshniakiae herba. 2. The magnitudes of the ion currents by $10^{-5}M$ of glutamate pre-treated with 0.01 mg/ml of Bogi, Boyang and Onri herbs were sharply decreased. 3. The activity of ion channels activated by Bogi herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase, for thirty seconds was observed as the experiment proceeded. Staurosporin brought about dephosphorylation of ion channels. Hence, while the activity of ion channels activated by Ginseng radix was decreased, the activity of ion channels activated by Astragali radix was increased, as time went by. 4. The activity of ion channels activated by Boyang herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Cervi cornu was increased, the activity of ion channels activated by Boshniakiae herba was initially increased then sharply decreased. 5, The activity of ion channels activated by Onri herbs pre-treated with $10^{-7}M$ of staurosporin, an inhibitor of protein kinase and an dephosphorylating agent of ion channels, for thirty seconds was investigated. While the activity of ion channels activated by Aconiti tuber was increased, that of ion channels activated by Zingiberis rhizomal sharply declined.

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